A formação da noção de força corporal na criança: contribuições para a educação física

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Depósitos carbonáticos de Tangará da Serra (MT): uma nova ocorrência de capa carbonática neoproterozóica no sul do Cráton Amazônico

Capas carbonáticas se traduzem num dos mais importantes depósitos relacionados ao final das glaciações globais neoproterozóicas. Na região de Tangará da Serra, margem sul do Cráton Amazônico, foi descrita uma sucessão carbonática neoproterozóica de aproximadamente 20 m de espessura que inclui o topo da Formação Mirassol d'Oeste e a base da Formação Guia, respectivamente as capas dolomítica e calcária da base do Grupo Araras. A capa dolomítica é composta por dolograisntones peloidais rosados com laminação plano paralela e truncamentos de baixo ângulo, interpretados como registros de uma plataforma rasa a moderadamente profunda. A capa calcária consiste em siltitos maciços e laminados e calcários finos cristalinos com acamamento de megamarcas onduladas, interpretados como depósitos de plataforma mista moderadamente profunda dominada por ondas. Calcários finos cristalinos com laminação ondulada/marcas onduladas e leques de cristais (pseudomorfos de aragonita) intercalados com folhelhos foram interpretados como depósitos de plataforma profunda e supersaturada em CaCO₃. Calcários com estruturas de escorregamento (slump), laminações convolutas e falhas sin-sedimentares caracterizam depósitos de talude e diques neptunianos, preenchidos por brechas calcárias, e camadas deformadas isoladas sugerem atividade sísmica durante a sedimentação. A sucessão carbonática de Tangará da Serra estende a ocorrência de capas carbonáticas no sul do Cráton Amazônico e corrobora com a presença de uma extensa plataforma carbonática formada durante a transgressão após a glaciação Puga correlata ao evento Marinoano.

Reciclando o destino: a trajetória do cortador de cana que se tornou catador de recicláveis e autogestor de seu ofício

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Tectonic geomorphology and active strain of the Northern Apennines mountain front

The Northern Apennines (NA) chain is the expression of the active plate margin between Europe and Adria. Given the low convergence rates and the moderate seismic activity, ambiguities still occur in defining a seismotectonic framework and many different scenarios have been proposed for the mountain front evolution. Differently from older models that indicate the mountain front as an active thrust at the surface, a recently proposed scenario describes the latter as the frontal limb of a long-wavelength fold (> 150 km) formed by a thrust fault tipped around 17 km at depth, and considered as the active subduction boundary. East of Bologna, this frontal limb is remarkably very straight and its surface is riddled with small, but pervasive high- angle normal faults. However, west of Bologna, some recesses are visible along strike of the mountain front: these perturbations seem due to the presence of shorter wavelength (15 to 25 km along strike) structures showing both NE and NW-vergence. The Pleistocene activity of these structures was already suggested, but not quantitative reconstructions are available in literature. This research investigates the tectonic geomorphology of the NA mountain front with the specific aim to quantify active deformations and infer possible deep causes of both short- and long-wavelength structures. This study documents the presence of a network of active extensional faults, in the foothills south and east of Bologna. For these structures, the strain rate has been measured to find a constant throw-to-length relationship and the slip rates have been compared with measured rates of erosion. Fluvial geomorphology and quantitative analysis of the topography document in detail the active tectonics of two growing domal structures (Castelvetro - Vignola foothills and the Ghiardo plateau) embedded in the mountain front west of Bologna. Here, tilting and river incision rates (interpreted as that long-term uplift rates) have been measured respectively at the mountain front and in the Enza and Panaro valleys, using a well defined stratigraphy of Pleistocene to Holocene river terraces and alluvial fan deposits as growth strata, and seismic reflection profiles relationships. The geometry and uplift rates of the anticlines constrain a simple trishear fault propagation folding model that inverts for blind thrust ramp depth, dip, and slip. Topographic swath profiles and the steepness index of river longitudinal profiles that traverse the anti- clines are consistent with stratigraphy, structures, aquifer geometry, and seismic reflection profiles. Available focal mechanisms of earthquakes with magnitude between Mw 4.1 to 5.4, obtained from a dataset of the instrumental seismicity for the last 30 years, evidence a clear vertical separation at around 15 km between shallow extensional and deeper compressional hypocenters along the mountain front and adjacent foothills. In summary, the studied anticlines appear to grow at rates slower than the growing rate of the longer- wavelength structure that defines the mountain front of the NA. The domal structures show evidences of NW-verging deformation and reactivations of older (late Neogene) thrusts. The reconstructed river incision rates together with rates coming from several other rivers along a 250 km wide stretch of the NA mountain front and recently available in the literature, all indicate a general increase from Middle to Late Pleistocene. This suggests focusing of deformation along a deep structure, as confirmed by the deep compressional seismicity. The maximum rate is however not constant along the mountain front, but varies from 0.2 mm/yr in the west to more than 2.2 mm/yr in the eastern sector, suggesting a similar (eastward-increasing) trend of the apenninic subduction.

Socio-Spatial Relationships in Dairy Cows

Farm animals may serve as models for evaluating social networks in a controlled environment. We used an automated system to track, at fine temporal and spatial resolution (once per minute, +/- 50 cm) every individual in six herds of dairy cows (Bos taurus). We then analysed the data using social network analyses. Relationships were based on non-random attachment and avoidance relationships in respect to synchronous use and distances observed in three different functional areas (activity, feeding and lying). We found that neither synchrony nor distance between cows was strongly predictable among the three functional areas. The emerging social networks were tightly knit for attachment relationships and less dense for avoidance relationships. These networks loosened up from the feeding and lying area to the activity area, and were less dense for relationships based on synchronicity than on median distance with respect to node degree, relative size of the largest cluster, density and diameter of the network. In addition, synchronicity was higher in dyads of dairy cows that had grown up together and shared their last dry period. This last effect disappeared with increasing herd size. Dairy herds can be characterized by one strongly clustered network including most of the herd members with many non-random attachment and avoidance relationships. Closely synchronous dyads were composed of cows with more intense previous contact. The automatic tracking of a large number of individuals proved promising in acquiring the data necessary for tackling social network analyses.

Lake Floor Morphology and Sediment Architecture of Lake Torneträsk, Northern Sweden

ABSTRACT. Here we present datasets from a hydroacoustic survey in July 2011 at Lake Torneträsk, northern Sweden. Our hydroacoustic data exhibit lake floor morphologies formed by glacial erosion and accumulation processes, insights into lacustrine sediment accumulation since the beginning of deglaciation, and information on seismic activity along the Pärvie Fault. Features of glacial scouring with a high-energy relief, steep slopes, and relative reliefs of more than 50 m are observed in the large W-basin. The remainder of the lacustrine subsurface appears to host a broad variety of well preserved formations from glacial accumulation related to the last retreat of the Fennoscandian ice sheet. Deposition of glaciolacustrine and lacustrine sediments is focused in areas situated in proximity to major inlets. Sediment accumulation in distal areas of the lake seldom exceeds 2 m or is not observable. We assume that lack of sediment deposition in the lake is a result of different factors, including low rates of erosion in the catchment, a previously high lake level leading to deposition of sediments in higher elevated paleodeltas, tributaries carrying low suspension loads as a result of sedimentation in upstream lakes, and an overall low productivity in the lake. A clear off-shore trace of the Pärvie Fault could not be detected from our hydroacoustic data. However, an absence of sediment disturbance in close proximity to the presumed fault trace implies minimal seismic activity since deposition of the glaciolacustrine and lacustrine sediments.

Patterns of landscape form in the upper Rhône basin, Central Swiss Alps, predominantly show lithologic controls despite multiple glaciations and variations in rock uplift rates

The development of topography depends mainly on the interplay between uplift and erosion. These processes are controlled by various factors including climate, glaciers, lithology, seismic activity and short-term variables, such as anthropogenic impact. Many studies in orogens all over the world have shown how these controlling variables may affect the landscape's topography. In particular, it has been hypothesized that lithology exerts a dominant control on erosion rates and landscape morphology. However, clear demonstrations of this influence are rare and difficult to disentangle from the overprint of other signals such as climate or tectonics. In this study we focus on the upper Rhône Basin situated in the Central Swiss Alps in order to explore the relation between topography, possible controlling variables and lithology in particular. The Rhône Basin has been affected by spatially variable uplift, high orographically driven rainfalls and multiple glaciations. Furthermore, lithology and erodibility vary substantially within the basin. Thanks to high-resolution geological, climatic and topographic data, the Rhône Basin is a suitable laboratory to explore these complexities. Elevation, relief, slope and hypsometric data as well as river profile information from digital elevation models are used to characterize the landscape's topography of around 50 tributary basins. Additionally, uplift over different timescales, glacial inheritance, precipitation patterns and erodibility of the underlying bedrock are quantified for each basin. Results show that the chosen topographic and controlling variables vary remarkably between different tributary basins. We investigate the link between observed topographic differences and the possible controlling variables through statistical analyses. Variations of elevation, slope and relief seem to be linked to differences in long-term uplift rate, whereas elevation distributions (hypsometry) and river profile shapes may be related to glacial imprint. This confirms that the landscape of the Rhône Basin has been highly preconditioned by (past) uplift and glaciation. Linear discriminant analyses (LDAs), however, suggest a stronger link between observed topographic variations and differences in erodibility. We therefore conclude that despite evident glacial and tectonic conditioning, a lithologic control is still preserved and measurable in the landscape of the Rhône tributary basins.

Human–climate interactions in the central Mediterranean region during the last millennia: The laminated record of Lake Butrint (Albania)

Lake Butrint (39°47 N, 20°1 E) is a ca. 21 m deep, coastal lagoon located in SW Albania where finely-laminated sediments have been continuously deposited during the last millennia. The multi-proxy analysis (sedimentology, high-resolution elemental geochemistry and pollen) of a 12 m long sediment core, supported by seven AMS radiocarbon dates and 137Cs dating, enable a precise reconstruction of the environmental change that occurred in the central Mediterranean region during the last ∼4.5 cal kyrs BP. Sediments consist of triplets of authigenic carbonates, organic matter and clayey laminae. Fluctuations in the thickness and/or presence of these different types of seasonal laminae indicate variations in water salinity, organic productivity and runoff in the lake's catchment, as a result of the complex interplay of tectonics, anthropogenic forcing and climate variability. The progradation of the Pavllo river delta, favoured by variable human activity from the nearby ancient city of Butrint, led to the progressive isolation of this hydrological system from the Ionian Sea. The system evolved from an open bay to a restricted lagoon, which is consistent with archaeological data. An abrupt increase in mass-wasting activity between 1515 and 1450 BC, likely caused by nearby seismic activity, led to the accumulation of 24 homogenites, up to 17 cm thick. They have been deposited during the onset of finely laminated sedimentation, which indicates restricted, anoxic bottom water conditions and higher salinity. Periods of maximum water salinity, biological productivity, and carbonate precipitation coincide with warmer intervals, such as the early Roman Warm Period (RWP) (500 BC–0 AD), the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) (800–1400 AD) and recent times (after 1800 AD). Conversely, lower salinity and more oxic conditions, with higher clastic input were recorded during 1400–500 BC, the Late Roman and the Early Medieval periods (0–800 AD) and during the Little Ice Age (1400–1800 AD). Hydrological fluctuations recorded in Butrint are in phase with most central and western Mediterranean records and correlate with NAO variability. In contrast, opposite hydrological patterns have been recorded in the Eastern Balkans and the Levant during the last millennium, emphasizing a complex spatial variability in the region. Phases of maximum settlement intensity in Butrint (Roman-Late Antique) coincide with warmer and/or stable climate periods (0–800 AD and MCA, respectively), indicating a long-term influence of climatic conditions on human activities. The Late Holocene sedimentary record of Lake Butrint demonstrates the complex interplay of climate variability, tectonics and human impact in the recent evolution of coastal Mediterranean regions.

Composition of sulfides from the Sierra Leone Fracture Zone (Central Atlantic Ocean)

An analysis of data on the location of hydrothermal fields, seismicity, and satellite altimetry evidences that in mid-ocean ridges with low spreading rate hydrothermal fields tend to be grouped in areas with generally low seismic activity and at intersections of discontinuities and rift zones. Based on this assumption, the Sierra Leone Fracture Zone was studied in 2000 during Cruise 22 of R/V Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov. A study of gabbrodolerite and dolerite showed that sulfide ore minerals in them were formed both by hydrothermal and magmatic processes. An analysis of melt inclusions demonstrated that magmatic complexes formed from a high-temperature (1210-1255°C) low-potassium melt of the N-MORB type. Investigations of fluid inclusions revealed that gabbro and dolerite formed under influence of an active hydrothermal system at temperature 205-226°C. Thus, the Sierra Leone Fracture Zone is considered to be perspective for a discovery of a new hydrothermal field.

Estudio de la logística en el eslabón final de la cadena de valor agroindustrial en la provincia de San Luis

La cadena de valor de los productos oleaginosos de la Provincia de San Luis cuenta en la actualidad con tres ventajas principales. La primera de ellas es que la provincia se encuentra estratégicamente ubicada en un corredor bioceánico de la República Agentina; la segunda es la implantación de la Zona de Actividades Logísticas (ZAL) en Villa Mercedes; y la tercera es el desarrollo empresarial motivado por las inversiones de empresas multinacionales en el sector. Para el intercambio comercial de países del Atlántico, como la Argentina, con los de Asia y Costa Oeste de los Estados Unidos es necesaria la integración entre la Argentina y Chile fortaleciendo lazos comerciales, culturales y sociales. La implantación de la Zona de Actividades Logísticas adquiere relevancia teniendo en cuenta que el principal efecto de este emprendimiento es la reducción sustancial de los costos operativos. Por otro lado, la fusión de empresas multinacionales con empresas del medio en industrias agroalimentarias provocará un aumento de la capacidad de procesamiento de granos (en particular maíz) en un 50, con lo que se estaría en condiciones de absorber más de la mitad de la cosecha de la provincia. Para los agricultores será un gran desafío aumentar la superficie cultivada para comercializar con un comprador local y ampliar el margen de rentabilidad al eliminarse los elevados costos por flete. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar e interrelacionar los factores, los actores y el impacto de estas tres ventajas en el final de la cadena de valor de productos oleaginosos en la Provincia de San Luis

Estudio de la logística en el eslabón final de la cadena de valor agroindustrial en la provincia de San Luis

La cadena de valor de los productos oleaginosos de la Provincia de San Luis cuenta en la actualidad con tres ventajas principales. La primera de ellas es que la provincia se encuentra estratégicamente ubicada en un corredor bioceánico de la República Agentina; la segunda es la implantación de la Zona de Actividades Logísticas (ZAL) en Villa Mercedes; y la tercera es el desarrollo empresarial motivado por las inversiones de empresas multinacionales en el sector. Para el intercambio comercial de países del Atlántico, como la Argentina, con los de Asia y Costa Oeste de los Estados Unidos es necesaria la integración entre la Argentina y Chile fortaleciendo lazos comerciales, culturales y sociales. La implantación de la Zona de Actividades Logísticas adquiere relevancia teniendo en cuenta que el principal efecto de este emprendimiento es la reducción sustancial de los costos operativos. Por otro lado, la fusión de empresas multinacionales con empresas del medio en industrias agroalimentarias provocará un aumento de la capacidad de procesamiento de granos (en particular maíz) en un 50, con lo que se estaría en condiciones de absorber más de la mitad de la cosecha de la provincia. Para los agricultores será un gran desafío aumentar la superficie cultivada para comercializar con un comprador local y ampliar el margen de rentabilidad al eliminarse los elevados costos por flete. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar e interrelacionar los factores, los actores y el impacto de estas tres ventajas en el final de la cadena de valor de productos oleaginosos en la Provincia de San Luis

Estudio de la logística en el eslabón final de la cadena de valor agroindustrial en la provincia de San Luis

La cadena de valor de los productos oleaginosos de la Provincia de San Luis cuenta en la actualidad con tres ventajas principales. La primera de ellas es que la provincia se encuentra estratégicamente ubicada en un corredor bioceánico de la República Agentina; la segunda es la implantación de la Zona de Actividades Logísticas (ZAL) en Villa Mercedes; y la tercera es el desarrollo empresarial motivado por las inversiones de empresas multinacionales en el sector. Para el intercambio comercial de países del Atlántico, como la Argentina, con los de Asia y Costa Oeste de los Estados Unidos es necesaria la integración entre la Argentina y Chile fortaleciendo lazos comerciales, culturales y sociales. La implantación de la Zona de Actividades Logísticas adquiere relevancia teniendo en cuenta que el principal efecto de este emprendimiento es la reducción sustancial de los costos operativos. Por otro lado, la fusión de empresas multinacionales con empresas del medio en industrias agroalimentarias provocará un aumento de la capacidad de procesamiento de granos (en particular maíz) en un 50, con lo que se estaría en condiciones de absorber más de la mitad de la cosecha de la provincia. Para los agricultores será un gran desafío aumentar la superficie cultivada para comercializar con un comprador local y ampliar el margen de rentabilidad al eliminarse los elevados costos por flete. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar e interrelacionar los factores, los actores y el impacto de estas tres ventajas en el final de la cadena de valor de productos oleaginosos en la Provincia de San Luis

Calcareous nannofossil range-distribution and zonation of sediments from three ODP Leg 205 holes

Ocean Drilling Program Leg 205 of the research vessel JOIDES Resolution was a return expedition to the Leg 170 sites located on the Costa Rica subduction zone. Here the entire sediment cover on the incoming Cocos plate, including significantly large sections of calcareous nannofossil ooze and chalk, is underthrust beneath the overriding Caribbean plate. The large amount of subducted carbonate produces characteristic styles of volcanic and seismic activity that differ from those found farther along strike in Nicaragua and elsewhere. An understanding of the fate of subducted carbonate sediment sections is an essential component to our understanding of the global biogeochemical cycling of carbon dioxide. Because Leg 205 drilling operations were performed within meters of the Leg 170 drill sites occupied during October-December 1996, minimal coring was done during Leg 205. Although the biostratigraphy of the Leg 170 sites has since been documented in detail, questions remained regarding the age and nature of a gabbro sill that was only partially penetrated by coring during Leg 170. Coring operations during Leg 205 fully penetrated the gabbro sill, followed by an additional 12 m of sediments below the sill, and then ~160 m of gabbro. Coring halted at 600 meters below seafloor (mbsf). Calcareous nannofossil age dating of the sediments immediately above the igneous sill, as well as the sediment between the sill and the lower igneous unit, indicates a minimum age of 15.6 Ma and a maximum age of 18.2 Ma for the sediments. This implies that the sill was emplaced more recently than 18.2 Ma. The calcareous nannofossil assemblage in baked sediments in contact with the top of the lower igneous unit also suggests that the maximum age for emplacement is 18.2 Ma. At Site 1254, coring was accomplished between 150 and 230 mbsf (prism section), and from 300 to 367.5 mbsf (prism and through the décollement into the underthrust section). In the interval from 150 to 322 mbsf, the biostratigraphic analysis of calcareous nannofossils suggests that the sediments are early Pleistocene age between 150 and 161 mbsf, late Pliocene age from 161 to 219 mbsf, and early Pliocene age from 219 to 222 mbsf (no younger than 3.75 Ma). The lack of marker fossils in the interval of sediments cored from 300 to 350.6 mbsf does not allow for any age determinations; however, sediments from 351.6 to 359.81 mbsf could be age dated and are also early Pliocene age, but no younger than 3.75 Ma.