Relations between acculturation and alcohol use among international students

In the current study, 226 international students attending Florida International University responded to an Web-based questionnaire that assessed self-reported scores for: acculturation, acculturative stress, alcohol use patterns, perceived peer alcohol use, and perceived injunctive social norms for alcohol use. The purpose of the study was to evaluate structural relations among this set of variables using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via AMOS 17.0. The results of SEM analyses documented acceptable fit of a model which hypothesized that relations between acculturation and alcohol use variables are mediated partially by acculturative stress, perceived peer alcohol use, and perceived injunctive social norms. While significant path coefficients were documented for paths between (a) acculturation and acculturative stress and (b) acculturative stress and alcohol use, the coefficients had negative signs, contrary to existing studies investigating these relations among immigrant youth. While paths between (a) perceived peer alcohol use or (b) perceived injunctive social norms and participants’ alcohol use were significant, path coefficients between acculturation and either (a) perceived peer alcohol use or (b) perceived injunctive social norms were not statistically significant. In addition, multiple-group comparisons suggested that social support had a significant moderating influence on several significant paths in the structural model. Specifically, international students reporting higher social support reported lower scores for acculturative stress and alcohol use, in contrast to their counterparts who reported lower scores for social support.

Relations Between Acculturation And Alcohol Use Among International Students

In the current study, 226 international students attending Florida International University responded to an Web-based questionnaire that assessed self-reported scores for: acculturation, acculturative stress, alcohol use patterns, perceived peer alcohol use, and perceived injunctive social norms for alcohol use. The purpose of the study was to evaluate structural relations among this set of variables using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via AMOS 17.0. The results of SEM analyses documented acceptable fit of a model which hypothesized that relations between acculturation and alcohol use variables are mediated partially by acculturative stress, perceived peer alcohol use, and perceived injunctive social norms. While significant path coefficients were documented for paths between (a) acculturation and acculturative stress and (b) acculturative stress and alcohol use, the coefficients had negative signs, contrary to existing studies investigating these relations among immigrant youth. While paths between (a) perceived peer alcohol use or (b) perceived injunctive social norms and participants’ alcohol use were significant, path coefficients between acculturation and either (a) perceived peer alcohol use or (b) perceived injunctive social norms were not statistically significant. In addition, multiple-group comparisons suggested that social support had a significant moderating influence on several significant paths in the structural model. Specifically, international students reporting higher social support reported lower scores for acculturative stress and alcohol use, in contrast to their counterparts who reported lower scores for social support.

Processus interactionnel d’appropriation de la syntaxe et de variantes énonciatives diversifiées, indispensable pour l’accès à l’écrit

A investigação tem posto em evidência a correlação entre desenvolvimento linguístico e aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita. Procuramos, em primeiro lugar, explicar, do ponto de vista da linguística, as relações entre oral e escrita focalizando a linguagem da criança desde as primeiras produções à produção autónoma de variantes sintacticamente diversificadas. De seguida, abordamos a questão da passagem do oral à escrita dando especial atenção ao impacto sobre o funcionamento cognitivo do trabalho de ditado ao adulto. Finalmente, propomos pistas de reflexão sobre modalidades de interacção necessárias à entrada no modo escrito e ao seu percurso de aprendizagem dando conta de resultados de investigação acção e formação com a abordagem «Coup de pouce Langage».

The relationship between non-orthographic language abilities and reading performance: An exploration of the primary systems hypothesis in chronic aphasia

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Exploring the spatial relations between soil physical properties and apparent electrical conductivity

Relations between the apparent electrical conductivity of the soil (ECa) and top- and sub-soil physical properties were examined for two arable fields in southern England (Crowmarsh Battle Farms and the Yattendon Estate). The spatial variation of ECa and the soil properties was explored geostatistically. The variogram ranges showed that ECa varied on a similar spatial scale to many of the soil physical properties in both fields. Several features in the map of kriged predictions of ECa were also evident in maps of the soil properties. In addition, the correlation coefficients showed a strong relation between ECa and several soil properties. A moving correlation analysis enabled differences in the relations between ECa and the soil properties to be examined within the fields. The results indicated that relations were inconsistent; they were stronger in some areas than others. A regression of ECa on the principal component scores of the leading components for both fields showed that the first two components accounted for a large proportion of the variance in ECa, whereas the others accounted for little or none. For Crowmarsh topsoil sand and clay, loss on ignition and volumetric water measured in the autumn had large correlations on the first component, and for Yattendon they were large for topsoil sand and clay, and autumn and spring volumetric water. The cross-variograms suggested strong coregionalization between ECa and several soil physical properties; in particular subsoil sand and silt at Crowmarsh, and subsoil sand and clay at Yattendon. The structural correlations from the linear model of coregionalization confirmed the strength of the relations between ECa and the subsoil properties. Nevertheless, no one property was consistently important for both fields. Although a map of ECa can indicate the general patterns of spatial variation in the soil, it is not a substitute for information on soil properties obtained by sampling and analysing the soil. Nevertheless, it could be used to guide further sampling. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Exploring the spatial relations between soil properties and electro-magnetic induction (EMI) and the implications for management

The relations between soil electrical conductivity (ECa) and top- and sub-soil physical properties were examined for an arable field in England. The correlation coefficients between ECa and the soil particle size fractions were large and their cross variograms showed that the coregionalization was also strong. The coregionalization was stronger for the subsoil properties than for the topsoil, the reverse to the correlation coefficients. The relations between ECa and some soil properties, such as clay and water content, appear complex and emphasize that a map of ECa cannot substitute for sampling the soil.

Linear relations between N >= 4 supergravity and subleading-color SYM amplitudes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The Topology of Auditory and Visual Perception, Linguistic Communication, and Interactive Written Discourse

In this article, it is shown that IWD incorporates topological perceptual characteristics of both spoken and written language, and it is argued that these characteristics should not be ignored or given up when synchronous textual CMC is technologically developed and upgraded.

Relations between the attentional blink and aspects of psychometric intelligence: A fixed-links modeling approach

The attentional blink phenomenon (AB) represents impaired identification of the second of two targets presented in rapid succession within a stream of stimuli. Despite the well-known association between attentional processes and psychometric intelligence (PI), evidence for a relationship between AB and PI is highly inconsistent. Theory and empirical findings suggest AB to be multifaceted. Hence, relations between AB and PI may be blurred when AB is measured as a single process. Furthermore, different aspects of PI might be differentially related to AB. The present study explored the relationship between processes underlying AB and general PI as well as specific aspects of PI (Reasoning, Speed, Memory, and Creativity) in 201 female students. Fixed-links modeling revealed three processes underlying AB: (1) a U-shaped process positively related to Speed and negatively related to Memory but unrelated to Reasoning, Creativity, and general PI, (2) an increasing process positively related to Reasoning, Speed, Memory, and general PI but not to Creativity, and (3) a decreasing process positively related to general PI and Memory but not to other aspects of PI. Our findings demonstrate that dissociating processes underlying AB and considering specific aspects of PI is required to understand the relationship between AB and PI.

A Theorical Point of View of Reality, Perception, and Language

It is possible to view the relations between mathematics and natural language from different aspects. This relation between mathematics and language is not based on just one aspect. In this article, the authors address the role of the Subject facing Reality through language. Perception is defined and a mathematical theory of the perceptual field is proposed. The distinction between purely expressive language and purely informative language is considered false, because the subject is expressed in the communication of a message, and conversely, in purely expressive language, as in an exclamation, there is some information. To study the relation between language and reality, the function of ostensibility is defined and propositions are divided into ostensives and estimatives.

A gyógyszerkiadás és a betegek egészségi állapota a háziorvosi és szakorvosi kapcsolatok függvényében = Formal professional relations between general practitioners and specialists. Possible links with patient health and pharmacy cost

Arra a kérdésre keressük a választ, hogy a szoros háziorvosi-szakorvosi szakmai kapcsolatoknak van-e hatásuk a betegek gyógyszerkiadására, illetve egészségi állapotára. Az orvosok közötti szakmai kapcsolatok szorosságát a közösen gondozott betegek száma alapján határoztuk meg, míg a betegek egészségügyi állapotát a diagnosztizált és kezelt társbetegségek számával mértük. Hipotézisünk egyrészt az volt, hogy a hatékonyabb koordinációnak köszönhetően a szoros kapcsolatban kezelt betegek jobb egészségi állapotúak, másrészt kezelésük az erőforrások hatékonyabb felhasználása miatt kisebb gyógyszerköltséggel jár. E két hipotézist a cukorbetegekre teszteltük. Azért esett erre a krónikus betegségre a választásunk, mert itt a háziorvosok és a szakorvosok együttműködése elsődleges fontosságú. Magyarországon a cukorbetegek esetében a legnagyobb a közösen kezelt betegek populációja, valamint itt a legmagasabb a szakorvosi javaslatra felírt háziorvosi receptek száma. Azt az eredményt kaptuk, hogy a szoros kapcsolatban kezelt betegek nem rendelkeznek sem jobb, sem rosszabb egészségi állapottal, miközben a kapcsolódó gyógyszerkiadásuk szignifikánsan alacsonyabb. ____ The article considers whether strong formal professional relations between GPs and specialists in shared care affect either the health of patients or the pharmacy costs they incur. The strength of such relations is measured by the number of shared patients; patient health is proxied by number of co-morbidities diagnosed and treated. The first hypothesis is that patients treated amid strong GP-specialist relations have better health status than those treated amid weak ones, due to enhanced efficiency of care coordination. The second is that patients treated in such strong relations incur lower pharmacy costs high numbers of shared patients are assumed to promote appropriate, effective use of resources. The article tests these hypotheses and compares the outcomes of the strongest and weakest GP-specialist relations through the example of diabetes, a chronic condition where patient-care coordination is important. Diabetes generates the largest shared patient cohort in Hungary, with the highest number of specialist medication prescriptions. This article finds that stronger ties result in significantly lower pharmacy costs, but not a higher patient health status.

Changes in the relationship between society and nature in the Mezzo-region of Southeastern Pará, Amazon, Brazil

With this work, the authors wish to show some of the alterations in the pattern of relations between society and nature, which have taken place throughout the 20th century in the Parauapebas and Itacaiúnas river valleys, as well as in parts of the Tocantins River valley, in southeastern Pará. This is accomplished through descriptions based on Coudreau's first-hand accounts (1889), transcribed in "Voyage a Itaboca et a L'Itacayuna", published in 1897, which depicts an area almost totally covered by forest. This is followed by a counter view made possible through the LandSat 5 satellite sensors, with images of those valleys in 2001, showing the consequences of society transformations and pressure on natural resources, and above all the dramatic decrease in the size of the forest, reduced to 52 percent of the 63,000 square kilometers analyzed herein.

Information technologies and communication between parents and children

This is an exploratory study that aims, on the one hand, to examine in more detail how children between 12 and 16 years of age use different audiovisual technologies, what they feel and think when using them, and whom they like to speak to about such experiences. On the other hand, we look more deeply into the interactions between adults and children, particularly between parents and their children, in relation to these technologies when children use them at home or in other places. We analysed responses to questionnaires with several common items, administered separately to parents and children. Children’s responses reflect an important level of dissatisfaction when talking with different adults about media activities. Our findings support the thesis that more and more children socialise through new information and communication technologies with little or no recourse to adult criteria, giving rise to the emergence of specific children’s cultures. Crossing of the responses of parents and those of their own children shows us which aspects of media reality adults overestimate or underestimate in comparison to children, and to what degree certain judgements coincide and differ between generations. The results can be applied to the improvement of relations between adults and adolescents, taking advantage of adolescents’ strong motivation to engage in activities using audiovisual media

Literacy Practices in and out of School in Karagwe : The case of primary school literacy education in rural Tanzania

This study has investigated the question of relation between literacy practices in and out of school in rural Tanzania. By using the perspective of linguistic anthropology, literacy practices in five villages in Karagwe district in the northwest of Tanzania have been analysed. The outcome may be used as a basis for educational planning and literacy programs. The analysis has revealed an intimate relation between language, literacy and power. In Karagwe, traditional élites have drawn on literacy to construct and reconstruct their authority, while new élites, such as individual women and some young people have been able to use literacy as one tool to get access to power. The study has also revealed a high level of bilingualism and a high emphasis on education in the area, which prove a potential for future education in the area. At the same time discontinuity in language use, mainly caused by stigmatisation of what is perceived as local and traditional, such as the mother-tongue of the majority of the children, and the high status accrued to all that is perceived as Western, has turned out to constitute a great obstacle for pupils’ learning. The use of ethnographic perspectives has enabled comparisons between interactional patterns in schools and outside school. This has revealed communicative patterns in school that hinder pupils’ learning, while the same patterns in other discourses reinforce learning. By using ethnography, relations between explicit and implicit language ideologies and their impact in educational contexts may be revealed. This knowledge may then be used to make educational plans and literacy programmes more relevant and efficient, not only in poor post-colonial settings such as Tanzania, but also elsewhere, such as in Western settings.

A recombinação de letras no ensino e emergência da leitura generalizada recombinativa em crianças da pré-escola

Estudos têm demonstrado a leitura de palavras com recombinação de sílabas em crianças préescolares. No entanto, nesses estudos tem ocorrido o controle parcial pelas sílabas, dificultando a generalização da leitura. O presente estudo investigou o efeito do ensino de discriminações condicionais entre sílabas na emergência da leitura textual dessas sílabas e de novas sílabas com recombinação das letras das sílabas de ensino, evitando o estabelecimento do controle parcial. Verificou-se, ainda, a emergência da leitura textual e com compreensão de palavras com sentido e inventadas formadas pelas sílabas de ensino e recombinadas. Cinco crianças da pré-escola participaram do estudo que foi dividido em três etapas. Na Etapa 1, foram ensinadas por meio de emparelhamento com o modelo as sílabas NO, BO, NA, DO e NE, e testada a leitura das sílabas recombinadas BA, DA, DE e BE. Na Etapa II, foi verificada a leitura textual e com compreensão das palavras com sentido DADO, DEDO, BEBÊ e BOBO. Na Etapa III, foi verificada a leitura textual e com compreensão das palavras inventadas NEBA, NODE, BEDO e DABO. Todos os participantes apresentaram a emergência da nomeação oral das sílabas de ensino e recombinadas. Os cinco participantes apresentaram prontamente a leitura com compreensão de todas as palavras com sentido e inventadas, documentada pelas relações de equivalência entre figuras e palavras escritas e ditadas. Na Etapa II, quatro participantes demonstraram a emergência imediata da leitura textual de todas as palavras com sentido antes da emergência da leitura com compreensão e um participante apresentou após essa emergência. Na Etapa III, três participantes apresentaram a emergência imediata da leitura textual de todas as palavras inventadas antes e dois apresentaram depois da emergência da leitura com compreensão. Após a leitura das sílabas de ensino e recombinadas na Etapa I, ocorreu a leitura de todas as palavras com sentido (Etapa II) e inventadas (Etapa III). O controle parcial, relatado em alguns estudos, não foi estabelecido no presente estudo. A leitura recombinativa ocorreu sem a necessidade de procedimentos especiais. Esses resultados indicam que se as discriminações entre sílabas forem ensinadas diretamente, ocorrerá a emergência da leitura generalizada recombinativa sem estabelecer o controle parcial e sem a necessidade de procedimentos especiais de ensino.