Época de colheita e desenvolvimento vegetativo de aveia preta

Embora a aveia preta apresente importantes características de interesse agronômico, os estudos direcionados ao conhecimento da planta visando aumentos de produtividade são ainda em pequeno número em condições brasileiras. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas de aveia preta, cultivar Comum. O experimento foi instalado no mês de maio, em condições de campo, em Nitossolo Vermelho, em Botucatu, SP. O delineamento experimental empregado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de épocas de coletas de plantas, as quais foram iniciadas aos 21 dias após a emergência das plântulas (DAE). O maior desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas, considerando-se o número total de perfilhos e o número total de folhas, foi observado na fase de emissão da panícula, aos 84 DAE. A contribuição dos perfilhos primários foi maior que a dos perfilhos secundários, tanto nos componentes vegetativos como nos componentes relacionados à produção de sementes.

Desempenho de escolares com transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade em tarefas metalinguisticas e de leitura

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A simple constant-current neural stimulator with accurate pulse-amplitude control

A simple constant-current electrocutaneous stimulator for high-impedance loads using low-cost, standard high-voltage components is presented. A voltage-regulator powers an oscillator built across the primary of a transformer whose secondary delivers, after rectification, the high-voltage supply to switched current-mirrors in the driving stage. Since the compliance high-voltage is proportional to the stimulation current, overall power consumption is minimized. By adjusting the regulated voltage, control of the pulsed-current amplitude is achieved. A prototype with readily available components features stimulation currents of amplitude and pulsewidth in the range 0≤Iskin≤20mA and 50μs ≤Tpulse≤1ms, respectively. Pulse-repetition spans from 1 Hz to 10Hz. Worst-case ripple is 3.7% @Iskin=1mA. Measured pulse fall-time is shorter than 32μs. Overall consumption is 4.4W @Iskin=20mA. Subject isolation from line is 4KV.

Summit of the Americas 1994-2009: selected indicators

Includes bibliography

Análise do perfil socioeconômico e profissional de manipuladores de alimentos participantes de um programa de capacitação em boas práticas de fabricação, no município de Araraquara, SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Eletroejaculação em caititus (Tayassu tajacu): características seminais pré e pós-refrigeração

Para implementar um sistema de criação de Tayassu tajacu é necessário estudar sua biologia reprodutiva, principalmente os aspectos referentes aos machos. O objetivo do trabalho foi testar a eficiência da eletroejaculação para obtenção de sêmen, descrever o perfil seminal e testar a capacidade de conservação de gametas masculinos sob refrigeração. Foram selecionados 11 machos adultos (76,8±37,8 meses, 19,5±2,7 kg) para a avaliação da biometria testicular, e 8 deles foram submetidos à eletroejaculação (45±13 estímulos, 12 volts, 3 segundos/pulso e descanso de 3 segundos). As amostras colhidas foram avaliadas quanto às características físicas (aspecto, cor, volume total, concentração, pH, motilidade e vigor espermáticos) e características morfológicas (viabilidade e defeitos espermáticos). As amostras foram divididas e diluídas em BTS (diluidor de curta duração) ou X-Cell® (longa duração) e mantidas sob refrigeração a 17º C. As amostras foram avaliadas imediatamente após a diluição (T0), após 24 horas (T24) e 48 horas (T48) de resfriamento. Os animais apresentaram testículo esquerdo com comprimento de 3,8±0,4 cm, largura de 2,6±0,3 cm e consistência de 2,3±0,2, e testículo direito com 3,8±0,5 cm de comprimento, 2,7±0,3 cm de largura e 2,3±0,2 de consistência. A taxa de sucesso obtida com a eletroejaculação foi de 75,21%. O sêmen apresentou: volume 0,81±0,86 mL, concentração 137,44±153 x 106 sptz/mL, pH 7,92±0,73, motilidade 52,66±28,79%, vigor 2,2±0,8, viabilidade 55,84±28,55%, defeitos maiores 22,87±12,93%, defeitos menores 9,11±5,88% e defeitos totais 31,52±13,81%. Não houve variações expressivas na produção e qualidade seminal ao longo dos meses do ano. Não houve diferença significativa entre os diluidores testados, com relação à capacidade de manutenção dos parâmetros seminais durante o período de estocagem, havendo influência significativa do tempo de armazenamento (P<0,05). Nos tempos T0, T24 e T48, o sêmen diluído em BTS apresentou motilidade espermática média de 56,1±17,6 %, 17,9±23,3 % e 7,7 ±19,6%, a viabilidade espermática média de 60,2±17,2%, 27,9±23,8% e 11,7±20,2%, e defeitos totais médios de 28,1±10,8%, 37,5±12,1% e 41,28±11,4%., respectivamente. Amostras seminais diluídas em X-Cell® apresentaram motilidade média de 54,2±22,1%, 27,0±28,0% e 14,0±24,2%, viabilidade média de 57,8±21,7%, 33,0±26,9% e 19,9±25,6% e defeitos totais médios de 30,8±11,2%, 41,2±13,4% e 44,2±14,4% nos três tempos avaliados. Assim, a eletroejaculação é eficiente e segura para a obtenção de ejaculados de caititus, o sêmen produzido possui potencial para estocagem, e pode ser conservado sob 17ºC até 24 horas.

Hiperidrose na cidade de Botucatu: prevalência, orientação, tratamento e qualidade de vida

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Percepção viso-motora de escolares com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to characterize and to compare the visual-motor perception of students with Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with students with good academic performance. METHODS: Forty students from 2nd to 5th grades of an elementary public school, male gender (100%), aged between 7 and 10 years and 8 months old participated, divided into: GI (20 students with ADHD) and GII (20 students with good academic performance), paired according to age, schooling and gender with GI. The students were submitted to Developmental Test of Visual Perception (DTVP-2). RESULTS: The students of GI presented low performance in spatial position and visual closure (reduced motor) and inferior age equivalent in reduced motor perception, when compared to GII. CONCLUSION: The difficulties in visual-motor perception presented by students of GI cannot be attributed to a primary deficit, but to a secondary phenomenon of inattention that interferes directly in their visual-motor performance.

Otimização de procedimento para a determinação de maganês em amplo intervalo de concentração por espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama com fonte contínua e alta resolução

This work describes instrumental strategies for the determination of Mn in a wide range concentration by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry technique (HR-CS F AAS) by means of different atomic lines (primary at 279.482 nm, secondary at 403.075 nm and alternative at 209.250 nm). These lines provided complementary concentration intervals, and large sample dilutions became unnecessary. The proposed method was applied to tap water, metal alloy certified material and foliar fertilizer. Accuracy for secondary line were evaluated by tests of significance (t Student test) with reference materials from the Institute of Technological Research of São Paulo, and the results were in agreement at the 95% confidence level. For primary and alternative lines, recovery is were in the 84-116% range and the RSD were 6.1% for all wavelengths. Analytical curves in the 0.1 - 2.0 mg L-1 (279.482 nm), 2.0 - 25 mg L-1 (403.075 nm), 25 - 500 mg L-1 (209.250 nm) intervals were obtained with linear correlation coefficient better than 0.9991. The detection limits were 3.3x10-3 mg L-1 (279.482 nm), 7.4 x 10-3 mg L-1 (403.075 nm), 3.9 mg L- 1 (209.250 nm). The found Mn concentrations were < 3.3x10-3 mg L-1 (tap water), 1.00 ± 0.04 (% m/m) (alloy IPT 25), 7235 ± 175 mg L-1 (foliar fertilizer 1), 4990 ± 132 mg L-1 (foliar fertilizer 2). A method was developed to detect interference of Fe in the Mn primary line (279.482 nm) using the ratio of absorbances of other lines of the triplet (279.827 nm and 280,108 nm).

Estudo da distribuição de tamanho e composição iônica de aerossóis e seus efeitos na capacidade de nuclear gotas de nuvens

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

First report on the kinetics of the uncatalyzed esterification of cellulose under homogeneous reaction conditions: a rationale for the effect of carboxylic acid anhydride chain-length on the degree of biopolymer substitution

The kinetics of the homogeneous acylation of microcrystalline cellulose, MCC, with carboxylic acid anhydrides with different acyl chain-length (Nc; ethanoic to hexanoic) in LiCl/N,N-dimethylacetamide have been studied by conductivity measurements from 65 to 85 A degrees C. We have employed cyclohexylmethanol, CHM, and trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol, CHD, as model compounds for the hydroxyl groups of the anhydroglucose unit of cellulose. The ratios of rate constants of acylation of primary (CHM; Prim-OH) and secondary (CHD; Sec-OH) groups have been employed, after correction, in order to split the overall rate constants of the reaction of MCC into contributions from the discrete OH groups. For the model compounds, we have found that k((Prim-OH))/k((Sec-OH)) > 1, akin to reactions of cellulose under heterogeneous conditions; this ratio increases as a function of increasing Nc. The overall, and partial rate constants of the acylation of MCC decrease from ethanoic- to butanoic-anhydride and then increase for pentanoic- and hexanoic anhydride, due to subtle changes in- and compensations of the enthalpy and entropy of activation.

Antiphospholipid syndrome plus rheumatic fever: a higher risk factor for stroke?

To compare clinical and laboratory findings between patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) versus secondary APS due to rheumatic fever (APS-RF) (according to Jones criteria). Seventy-three APS patients (Sapporo criteria) were enrolled, and demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Exclusion criteria were heart congenital abnormalities and previous infectious endocarditis. Patients were divided into two groups: PAPS (n = 68) and APS-RF (n = 5). The mean current age, disease duration, frequencies of female gender, and Caucasian race were similar in APS-RF and PAPS patients (P > 0.05). Remarkably, the frequency of stroke was significantly higher in APS-RF compared to PAPS patients (80% vs. 25%, P = 0.02). Of note, echocardiogram of these patients did not show intracardiac thrombus. No significant differences were found in peripheral thromboembolic events (P = 1.0), pulmonary thromboembolism (P = 1.0), miscarriage (P = 0.16), thrombocytopenia (P = 0.36), arterial events (P = 0.58), and thrombosis of small vessels (P = 1.0). There were no differences in the frequencies of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, and hyperlipidemia in both groups (P > 0.05). The frequencies of lupus anticoagulant, IgG, and IgM anticardiolipin were similar in two groups. APS patients associated with rheumatic fever without infective endocarditis may imply a high stroke risk as compared with PAPS, and future studies are needed to confirm this finding.

Diaphragmatic Breathing Training Program Improves Abdominal Motion During Natural Breathing in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Yamaguti WP, Claudino RC, Neto AP, Chammas MC, Gomes AC, Salge TM, Moriya HT, Cukier A, Carvalho CR. Diaphragmatic breathing training program improves abdominal motion during natural breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012;93:571-7. Objective: To investigate the effects of a diaphragmatic breathing training program (DBTP) on thoracoabdominal motion and functional capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Design: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. Setting: Academic medical center. Participants: Subjects (N=30; forced expiratory volume in Is, 4270 +/- 13% predicted) were randomly allocated to either a training group (TG) or a control group (CG). Interventions: Subjects in the TG completed a 4-week supervised DBTP (3 individualized weekly sessions), while those in the CG received their usual care. Main Outcome Measures: Effectiveness was assessed by amplitude of the rib cage to abdominal motion ratio (RC/ABD ratio) (primary outcome) and diaphragmatic mobility (secondary outcome). The RC/ABD ratio was measured using respiratory inductive plethysmography during voluntary diaphragmatic breathing and natural breathing. Diaphragmatic mobility was measured by ultrasonography. A 6-minute walk test and health-related quality of life were also evaluated. Results: Immediately after the 4-week DBTP, the TG showed a greater abdominal motion during natural breathing quantified by a reduction in the RC/ABD ratio when compared with the CG (F=8.66; P<.001). Abdominal motion during voluntary diaphragmatic breathing after the intervention was also greater in the TG than in the CG (F=4.11; P<.05). The TG showed greater diaphragmatic mobility after the 4-week DBTP than did the CG (F=15.08; P<.001). An improvement in the 6-minute walk test and in health-related quality of life was also observed in the TG. Conclusions: DBTP for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced increased diaphragm participation during natural breathing, resulting in an improvement in functional capacity.

α-alchilazione di aldeidi, via organocatalisi: un approccio sintetico e computazionale

During this internship, the α-alkylation of branched aldehydes was taken into consideration. An enantiopure Betti’s base derivative was used as catalyst, applying a new concept in catalysis: organocatalysis. The Betti’s base may be of particular interest for organic chemists working in the field of “reactions catalysed by enantiopure small organic molecules”, in particular for the ones interested in enantiopure primary amines. The potential of secondary amines as catalysts has certainly been known for years. It is indeed more innovative to conduct reactions using primary amine derivatives as catalyst. In this work, the efficacy of the primary amine was checked first. Then, the focus was set on finding optimal reaction conditions. Finally, to have a more complete picture of the structure of the compounds used in the project, experimental and computational IR spectra were compared, after the method was validated. Durante il periodo di tirocinio è stata presa in esame la reazione di α-alchilazione di aldeidi branched, utilizzando un derivato dell’ammina di Betti come catalizzatore enantiopuro ed applicando un nuovo tipo di catalisi: l’organocatalisi. Questi composti possono essere di particolare interesse per lavori in chimica organica, nel campo delle reazioni catalizzate da “piccole” molecole organiche, in particolare da ammine primarie a chiralità definita; la potenzialità delle ammine secondarie chirali come catalizzatori è certamente nota da anni, ma innovativo è condurre il tutto con l’impiego di un derivato amminico primario. Altri aspetti significativi sono gli apparenti e innumerevoli vantaggi, dal punto di vista economico ed ambientale, oltre che operativo e sintetico, derivanti dal nuovo tipo di catalisi. In un primo momento è stata verificata l’efficacia dell’ammina primaria sintetizzata nella reazione in progetto, quindi sono state individuate le condizioni di reazione ottimali. Infine, per un’analisi più completa di alcune molecole organiche e dopo un’opportuna validazione del metodo utilizzato, sono stati ottenuti a livello computazionale gli spettri IR delle molecole di sintesi prodotto e catalizzatore.

Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: network meta-analysis

Objective To analyse the available evidence on cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Design Network meta-analysis. Data sources Bibliographic databases, conference proceedings, study registers, the Food and Drug Administration website, reference lists of relevant articles, and reports citing relevant articles through the Science Citation Index (last update July 2009). Manufacturers of celecoxib and lumiracoxib provided additional data. Study selection All large scale randomised controlled trials comparing any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or placebo. Two investigators independently assessed eligibility. Data extraction The primary outcome was myocardial infarction. Secondary outcomes included stroke, death from cardiovascular disease, and death from any cause. Two investigators independently extracted data. Data synthesis 31 trials in 116 429 patients with more than 115 000 patient years of follow-up were included. Patients were allocated to naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, celecoxib, etoricoxib, rofecoxib, lumiracoxib, or placebo. Compared with placebo, rofecoxib was associated with the highest risk of myocardial infarction (rate ratio 2.12, 95% credibility interval 1.26 to 3.56), followed by lumiracoxib (2.00, 0.71 to 6.21). Ibuprofen was associated with the highest risk of stroke (3.36, 1.00 to 11.6), followed by diclofenac (2.86, 1.09 to 8.36). Etoricoxib (4.07, 1.23 to 15.7) and diclofenac (3.98, 1.48 to 12.7) were associated with the highest risk of cardiovascular death. Conclusions Although uncertainty remains, little evidence exists to suggest that any of the investigated drugs are safe in cardiovascular terms. Naproxen seemed least harmful. Cardiovascular risk needs to be taken into account when prescribing any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.