O regime fiscal e investimento público no Brasil

O presente estudo analisa a sustentabilidade intertemporal do atual regime fiscal sob o prisma do investimento público na economia brasileira. A idéia básica é que, devido às condições macroeconômicas prevalecentes, o superávit primário do setor público consolidado representa a variável central de sustentação do equilíbrio fiscal. Sendo a capacidade de geração e manutenção de superávits primários limitada pelas despesas incomprimíveis, o governo federal pratica uma política fiscal que, apesar de seus resultados fiscais bastante positivos, penaliza excessivamente o investimento público. O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar a natureza do ajuste fiscal realizado no segundo mandato de FHC e nos dois primeiros anos do governo Lula, (i) destacando a trajetória e a composição do gasto e receitas pública nesses dois períodos e (ii) evidenciando a possibilidade 'perdida' por ambos os governos em promover um firme aumento do investimento público, sem aumentar a carga tributária.

Relação dos salários como proxy de corrupção: os efeitos sobre as despesas de governos subnacionais no Brasil ( 1992 - 1998)

O objetivo desta dissertação foi verificar a influência da corrupção na taxa de crescimento do produto, investimentos públicos, gastos totais e gastos específicos dos governos estaduais do Brasil. Como não tínhamos um índice de percepção da corrupção como Mauro (1996) possuía para captar esta influência entre países, e Mauro (1998) e Van Rijckeghem e Weder (1997) já haviam demonstrado que a variável que melhor explicava este índice era a relação de salários entre o setor público e privado, utilizamos esta relação como variável para a proxy de corrupção por estado. Este tipo de variável nos possibilitou enxergar a corrupção em diferentes níveis: diferença na média, mediana, 25% piores (menos qualificados) e 25% melhores (mais qualificados). Não obtivemos qualquer evidência forte da influência da corrupção sobre a taxa de crescimento do produto ou sobre o nível de investimento público, mas a encontramos em alguns gastos específicos. Nossos resultados mais contundentes foram encontrados quando houve uma redução dos salários, o que indicaria um aumento na corrupção, levou a uma expansão dos gastos com assistência e previdência e a uma redução nos gastos com Administração e planejamento.

Por que as reformas permanecem?: a trajetória gradualista de mudanças no setor de infraestrutura rodoviária no Brasil entre 1985-2010

Esta tese oferece uma explicação para a existência de políticas governamentais que não alcançam estabilidade após conjunturas críticas que afetam seu equilíbrio, enfocando a gestão da infraestrutura rodoviária no Brasil. A política do setor entrou em crise financeira e institucional em meados da década de 70, que se acentuou na década de 80, pressionando os Governos democráticos a perseguiram uma agenda de reformas que envolviam a revisão dos mecanismos de financiamento e investimento públicos, a mudança estrutural dos órgãos e competências do setor e a parceria com o mercado, através de políticas de concessões rodoviárias. Através de estudos de caso dos Governos da Nova República entre os anos de 1985 e 2010, a pesquisa responde o porquê de as reformas intentadas no setor apresentarem uma seqüência de falhas e sucesso parciais, proporcionando novos desequilíbrios e tentativas de reforma. Por intermédio do referencial teórico do institucionalismo, demonstramos que as transformações institucionais ocorridas no Brasil a partir do fim da década de 70 contribuíram para a configuração de um setor mais pluralista e sob menor autonomia dos órgãos setoriais, levando a contradições institucionais com as quais os sucessivos Governos lidaram sob dilemas estratégicos entre manter a governabilidade política e perseguir um bom desempenho. Esta interação entre um setor competitivo e estratégias políticas conduziu a um equilíbrio desarticulado, que sacrifica o desempenho setorial e demanda permanentes agendas de reformas.

Infrastructure privatization in a neoclassical economy: macroeconomic impact and welfare computation

In this paper a competi tive general equilibrium model is used to investigate the welfare and long run allocation impacts of privatization. There are two types of capital in this model economy, one private and the other initially public ("infrastructure"), and a positive extemality due to the latter is assumed. A benevolent governrnent can improve upon decentralized allocation intemalizing the extemality, but it introduces distortions in the economy through the finance of its investments. It is shown that even making the best case for public action - maximization of individuais' welfare, no operation inefficiency and free supply to society of infrastructure services - privatization is welfare improving for a large set of economies. Hence, arguments against privatization based solely on under-investment are incorrect, as this maybe the optimal action when the financing of public investment are considered. When operation inefficiency is introduced in the public sector, gains from privatization are much higher and positive for most reasonable combinations of parameters.

A influência do modelo de triplice hélice no grau de maturidade de inovação: um estudo de caso em empresas participantes do projeto PRÓ-INOVA/NAGI no estado do RIO GRANDE DO NORTE

Public investments in the development of innovation in the country, either through the rigging of public universities, either through public announcements of the promotion, increased dramatically in recent years. To analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of public resources is especially in times of austerity, essential for the development of a country. In this context, this research aims to identify the influence of public investments to promote innovation in the degree of maturity of innovative companies in the state of the RN. Another goal is to identify the regional influence from the installation site - capital or countryside, in the performance of the companies studied in the degree of innovation. The theoretical basis of the understanding of the scope of the concept of innovation and its determination for the purposes of this study. Typology, degree of innovation, evaluation methodologies and mechanisms to support innovation : Still on the theme of innovation additional concepts that help the reader to a greater understanding, such as are presented. Following is approached conceptualization of the triple helix, highlighting the concepts advocated by Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, Salomon and Silva and Ipiranga, Freitas and Paiva, among others. With regard to methodological aspects, we propose a descriptive, exploratory and explanatory research quantitative and qualitative approach with the target audience group of companies served by INOVA PRO- NAGI design - multi-institutional action from a public resource called FINEP promotes the development of innovative companies in the State of Rio Grande do Norte - in 2013. The research should provide reflection and understanding of the influence of public investment in innovation, which by means of qualitative predictive variables associated with quantitative method to explain which variables are significant variations in the degree of maturity of enterprises studied

Serviço Social e terceiro setor: considerações sobre as atuais relações e condições de trabalho para o Assistente Social em Natal

The present study analyses the actual relations and work conditions found in the third sector in Natal city, in the context of productive restoration and increasingly retraction from the State in providing Social Service before the new approach that has been destined to the social issue. The study talks about the work of the social worker when fighting the different expressions the social issue has, such as social service provision as a way of teamwork associated to work relations and conditions, to accessible resources and quality control management. These are elements that affect and interfere in the accomplishment and in the work of the social worker itself. The State s improvement, according to neoliberal-political precepts and increasingly retraction from the public investment in the areas of social concern (health, social welfare, assistance) and in the wage and employment policy, besides expanding the partnership with the public and private areas, in search for social services with quality, it has diversified the structures of the professional work with the growth of the so called third sector institutions. However, the absorption of the social workers by the third sector groups in general, has as major features the impoverishment of work relations, the maintenance of an unequal salary model, pointing out the deadline contracts and/or single tasks that generate work instability. The research debates, with a critical view and full perspective, over the conception of the third sector, interpreted as an action that expresses functions and values, treated as a real phenomenon generated from the restoration of the capital based on neoliberal principles. This study aims for responding what the established work relations are and under what work conditions the social worker has been fitting in the third sector and how such a reality echoes in the current work conditions for a social work in the city of Natal, before this new model of state intervention that transfers part of the social service provision to distinctive divisions of society, among them the so called third sector. The research results have shown that like the other workers the social worker passes through the same crises, dilemmas, advances and challenges that occur in the world of employment and which are expressed in the drop of salary average in the growth of contemporary contracts, unemployment, and in the ever more selective requirements to one be included in the social spaces, where the professional work is done, having as a result a greater impoverishment of work relations and conditions as well as more vulnerability as a salaried occupation

Distribuição dos recursos do FNE para o setor turístico entre os estados nordestinos, no período de 1998/2004

The work aims to analyze the criteria that supported the geographic distribution of credit with FNE funds for the private tourism sector in the period 1998-2004 the Northeast, which is the maturing of a significant part of investments in the region I PRODETUR . The working hypothesis is that the credit allocation for the tourism industry, with FNE funds among the Northeastern states during the period analyzed broke with the trend towards concentration of credit in the richer economies of the region. The investigation concluded that there is enough evidence to enhance the degree of confidence in that hypothesis. However, the allocation criteria do not only benefited the poorest economies, nor directed lending while building on the weight that the tourism sector held in state economies

Tributación en América Latina: en busca de una nueva agenda de reformas

Incluye Bibliografía

Millennium development goals: progress towards the right to health in Latin america and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Política fiscal e dívida pública: Uma abordagem teórica a partir de keynes e abba lerner

The fiscal policies of national governments are an important instrument of economic policy, as they contribute directly or indirectly to growth and economic development. Since Keynes, the utilization of active fiscal policy is unavoidable during periods of crisis, especially a policy of public investment spending aimed at reducing macroeconomic uncertainty. In the same way, Abba Lerner and functional finances indicate the use of fiscal policy in favor of macroeconomic stability, and not according to a single objective of seeking equilibrium in the public accounts. However, at the present time, the debate on fiscal policy is not sufficient to guarantee public sector financial equilibrium. The article picks up on the contributions of Keynes and Abba Lerner regarding the importance of the public budget in economic activity, and discusses the present scenario for fiscal policy.

Two decades of adjustment and agricultural development in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Weak expansions: a distinctive feature of the business cycle in Latin America and the Caribbean

Using two standard cycle methodologies (Classical and Deviation Cycle) and a comprehensive sample of 83 countries worldwide, including all developing regions, we show that the Latin American and Caribbean cycle exhibits two distinctive features. First, and most importantly, its expansion performance is shorter and for the most par less imtense than that of the rest of the regions considered, and in particular than that of East Asia and the Pacific, East Asia and the Pacific's expansions last five years longer than those of LAC, and its output gain is 50% greater than that of LAC. Second, LAC tends to exhibit contractions that are not significantly different in terms of duration and amplitude than t those of other regions. Both these features imply that the complete Latin American and Caribbean cycle has, overall, the shortest duration and smallest amplitude in relation to other regions. The specificities of the Latin American and Caribbean cycle are not confined to the short run. These are also reflected in variables such as productivity and investment, which are linked to long-run growth. East Asia and the Pacific's cumulative gain in labor productivity during the expansionary phase is twice that of LAC. Moreover, the evidence also shows that the effects of the contraction in public investment surpass those of the expansion leading to a declining trend over the entire cycle. In this sense we suggest that policy analysis needs to increase its focus on the expansionary phase of the cycle. Improving our knowledge of the differences in the expansionary dynamics of countries and regions, can further our understanding of the differences in their rates of growth and levels of development. We also suggest that while, the management of the cycle affects the short-run fluctuations of economic activity and hence volatility, it is not trend neutral. Hence, the effects of aggregate demand management policies may be more persistent over time and less transitory than currently thought.

Los sistemas nacionales de inversión pública en Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica y Trinidad y Tabago

Incluye Bibliografía

Two decades of adjustment and agricultural development in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Fiscal policy and the economic cycle in Chile

Includes bibliography