Determinación de la profundidad adecuada del catéter peridural en analgesia obstétrica

Estudi en 135 pacients obstètriques en treball de part que van rebre analgèsia peridural. Dissenyat per determinar si existeix una distància òptima a la que deixar introduït un catèter dintre de l’espai peridural, amb la finalitat d’obtenir la millor qualitat analgèsica amb el menor índex de complicacions. Secundàriament vam estudiar la resolució de les llacunes després de la manipulació o no dels catèters.

Infusión continua de anestésico local a nivel subfascial como analgesia postoperatoria en la cesárea: evaluación clínica y de satisfacción.

iv. La infiltració subfascial contínua d'anestèsic local a la ferida quirúrgica és una tècnica d'analgèsia postoperatòria. Objectius: Intentem valorar l'eficàcia analgèsica d'aquesta tècnica després d'una cesària. Material i Mètodes: Estudiem 44 pacients en les 48 hores següents a la cesària infiltrant bupivacaína 0'2% amb un catèter subfascial i una bomba d'infusió contínua. Resultats: Hi ha una correcta analgèsia amb un pic de dolor inicial. Discussió i Conclusions: La infiltració contínua d'un anestèsic local a nivell subfascial a la ferida quirúrgica és eficaç en la reducció del dolor postcesària però seria convenient reforçar-la inicialment.

Multimodal evaluation for medical image segmentation

This paper is a joint effort between five institutionsthat introduces several novel similarity measures andcombines them to carry out a multimodal segmentationevaluation. The new similarity measures proposed arebased on the location and the intensity values of themisclassified voxels as well as on the connectivity andthe boundaries of the segmented data. We showexperimentally that the combination of these measuresimprove the quality of the evaluation. The study that weshow here has been carried out using four differentsegmentation methods from four different labs applied toa MRI simulated dataset of the brain. We claim that ournew measures improve the robustness of the evaluation andprovides better understanding about the differencebetween segmentation methods.

Breakthrough cancer pain - still a challenge.

Breakthrough cancer pain is defined as transient pain exacerbation in patients with stable and controlled basal pain. Although variable, the prevalence of breakthrough cancer pain is high (33%-95%). According to the American Pain Foundation, breakthrough pain is observed in 50%-90% of all hospitalized cancer patients, in 89% of all patients admitted to homes for the elderly and terminal-patient care centers, and in 35% of all ambulatory care cancer patients. The management of breakthrough cancer pain should involve an interdisciplinary and multimodal approach. The introduction of new fentanyl formulations has represented a great advance and has notably improved treatment. Among these, the pectin-based intranasal formulation adjusts very well to the profile of breakthrough pain attacks, is effective, has a good toxicity profile, and allows for convenient dosing - affording rapid and effective analgesia with the added advantage of being easily administered by caregivers when patients are unable to collaborate.

Evaluación de la analgesia postoperatoria en la artroplastia primaria de rodilla

III. Estudio descriptivo prospectivo diseñado para evaluar la analgesia postoperatoria de los pacientes sometidos a artroplastia de rodilla. Se comparon dos técnicas analgésicas (epidural y bloqueo femoral) y se analizaron los efectos secundarios e incidencias asociadas a cada una de las técnicas. Los resultados mostraron un grado de satisfacción elevado en nuestros pacientes. Ambas técnicas ofrecieron un buen control analgésico tras ATR, aunque los valores de EVA recogidos fueron discretamente menores en el grupo que recibió analgesia epidural. El grupo epidural presentó mayor incidencia de retención urinaria. No se encontraron complicaciones graves, pero sí se recogieron incidencias asociadas al catéter epidural.

Undertreatment of acute pain (oligoanalgesia) and medical practice variation in prehospital analgesia of adult trauma patients: a 10 yr retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Prehospital oligoanalgesia is prevalent among trauma victims, even when the emergency medical services team includes a physician. We investigated if not only patients' characteristics but physicians' practice variations contributed to prehospital oligoanalgesia. METHODS: Patient records of conscious adult trauma victims transported by our air rescue helicopter service over 10 yr were reviewed retrospectively. Oligoanalgesia was defined as a numeric rating scale (NRS) >3 at hospital admission. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to predict oligoanalgesia, accounting first for patient case-mix, and then physician-level clustering. The intraclass correlation was expressed as the median odds ratio (MOR). RESULTS: A total of 1202 patients and 77 physicians were included in the study. NRS at the scene was 6.9 (1.9). The prevalence of oligoanalgesia was 43%. Physicians had a median of 5.7 yr (inter-quartile range: 4.2-7.5) of post-graduate training and 27% were female. In our multilevel analysis, significant predictors of oligoanalgesia were: no analgesia [odds ratio (OR) 8.8], National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics V on site (OR 4.4), NRS on site (OR 1.5 per additional NRS unit >4), female physician (OR 2.0), and years of post-graduate experience [>4.0 to ≤5.0 (OR 1.3), >3.0 to ≤4.0 (OR 1.6), >2.0 to ≤3.0 (OR 2.6), and ≤2.0 yr (OR 16.7)]. The MOR was 2.6, and was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians' practice variations contributed to oligoanalgesia, a factor often overlooked in analyses of prehospital pain management. Further exploration of the sources of these variations may provide innovative targets for quality improvement programmes to achieve consistent pain relief for trauma victims.

A fast-track program reduces complications and length of hospital stay after open colonic surgery.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: A fast-track program is a multimodal approach for patients undergoing colonic surgery that combines stringent regimens of perioperative care (fluid restriction, optimized analgesia, forced mobilization, and early oral feeding) to reduce perioperative morbidity, hospital stay, and cost. We investigated the impact of a fast-track protocol on postoperative morbidity in patients after open colonic surgery. METHODS: A randomized trial of patients in 4 teaching hospitals in Switzerland included 156 patients undergoing elective open colonic surgery who were assigned to either a fast-track program or standard care. The primary end point was the 30-day complication rate. Secondary end points were severity of complications, hospital stay, and compliance with the fast-track protocol. RESULTS: The fast-track protocol significantly decreased the number of complications (16 of 76 in the fast-track group vs 37 of 75 in the standard care group; P = .0014), resulting in shorter hospital stays (median, 5 days; range, 2-30 vs 9 days, respectively; range, 6-30; P < .0001). There was a trend toward less severe complications in the fast-track group. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed fluid administration greater than the restriction limits (odds ratio, 4.198; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-10.366; P = .002) and a nonfunctioning epidural analgesia (odds ratio, 3.365; 95% confidence interval, 1.367-8.283; P = .008) as independent predictors of postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: The fast-track program reduces the rate of postoperative complications and length of hospital stay and should be considered as standard care. Fluid restriction and an effective epidural analgesia are the key factors that determine outcome of the fast-track program.

Análise dos registros de enfermagem sobre dor e analgesia em doentes hospitalizados

Estudo que analisou os registros de enfermagem sobre dor e analgesia em doentes internados em um hospital oncológico, de outubro a novembro de 1999, e os comparou ao relato dos doentes. Entrevistou-se 38 doentes com queixa dolorosa. O registro de enfermagem sobre a presença ou ausência de dor, ocorreu em 94,8% dos prontuários analisados. Ocorreu em 50% dos casos no período da manhã, em 79% à tarde e em 89% à noite. A caracterização da dor restringiu-se à descrição do local (71,1%) e da intensidade (44,7%). Satisfação com analgesia foi relatada por 68,4% dos doentes. Cerca de 33% dos doentes relataram algum grau de insatisfação com analgesia.

Conceitos de enfermeiros e médicos de um serviço de emergência sobre dor e analgesia no trauma

Analisaram-se os conceitos sobre dor e analgesia no trauma de enfermeiros e médicos de um serviço de emergência. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 100% da equipe de enfermeiros (22) e 85% da equipe médica (22) do Pronto-Socorro Cirúrgico do HCFMUSP. A análise dos dados apontou alguns conceitos concordantes e outros discordantes com a literatura. Os profissionais estavam de acordo na maior parte dos conceitos, mas diferiram em alguns. Na opinião dos profissionais, baixa prioridade é dada ao controle da dor no trauma.

Relação entre a gravidade do trauma e padrões de analgesia utilizados em acidentados de transporte

Trata-se de um estudo inédito realizado no país, que identificou relações entre o padrão analgésico e a gravidade do trauma. Para tal, analisou-se uma população de 200 acidentados de transporte admitidos para tratamento na unidade de emergência de um hospital referência para o atendimento ao trauma no Município de São Paulo. A gravidade das lesões e do trauma foi caracterizada por índices de gravidade anatômicos. A partir da análise da terapia analgésica encontrada, construíram-se padrões de analgesia, tendo como base a escala analgésica da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Os resultados permitiram identificar associação estatística entre a gravidade do trauma e padrões distintos de analgesia. Espera-se que a divulgação desses achados possa servir de base para a criação de protocolos de analgesia em trauma e melhoria da qualidade da assistência, além de servir de estímulo para o desenvolvimento de estudos em uma área com tantas lacunas de conhecimento em nosso meio.

Agrupador de imágenes multimodal no supervisado

Trabajo Fin de Máster donde se implementa un método multimodal para la clasificación de imágenes sin etiquetar y sin intervención humana.

The Multiscenario Multienvironment BioSecure Multimodal Database (BMDB)

A new multimodal biometric database designed and acquired within the framework of the European BioSecure Network of Excellence is presented. It is comprised of more than 600 individuals acquired simultaneously in three scenarios: 1) over the Internet, 2) in an office environment with desktop PC, and 3) in indoor/outdoor environments with mobile portable hardware. The three scenarios include a common part of audio/video data. Also, signature and fingerprint data have been acquired both with desktop PC and mobile portable hardware. Additionally, hand and iris data were acquired in the second scenario using desktop PC. Acquisition has been conducted by 11 European institutions. Additional features of the BioSecure Multimodal Database (BMDB) are: two acquisitionsessions, several sensors in certain modalities, balanced gender and age distributions, multimodal realistic scenarios with simple and quick tasks per modality, cross-European diversity, availability of demographic data, and compatibility with other multimodal databases. The novel acquisition conditions of the BMDB allow us to perform new challenging research and evaluation of eithermonomodal or multimodal biometric systems, as in the recent BioSecure Multimodal Evaluation campaign. A description of this campaign including baseline results of individual modalities from the new database is also given. The database is expected to beavailable for research purposes through the BioSecure Association during 2008.

Analgesia e sedação durante a instalação do cateter central de inserção periférica em neonatos

Objetivou-se caracterizar as estratégias de analgesia e sedação em neonatos submetidos à instalação do cateter central de inserção periférica (CCIP) e relacioná-las ao número de punções venosas, duração do procedimento e posicionamento da ponta do cateter. Estudo transversal com coleta prospectiva de dados, realizado em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos neonatais de um hospital privado na cidade de São Paulo, no período de 31 de agosto de 2010 a 01 de julho de 2011, em que foram avaliadas 254 inserções do CCIP. A adoção de estratégias analgésicas ou sedativas ocorreu em 88 (34,6%) instalações do cateter e não esteve relacionada ao número de punções venosas, duração do procedimento ou posicionamento da ponta do cateter. As estratégias mais frequentes foram a administração endovenosa de midazolam em 47 (18,5%) e fentanil em 19 (7,3%) inserções do cateter. Recomenda-se maior adoção de estratégias analgésicas antes, durante e após o procedimento.

Direct cost of connecting, maintaining and disconnecting patient-controlled analgesia pump

Quantitative research that aimed to identify the mean total cost (MTC) of connecting, maintaining and disconnecting patient-controlled analgesia pump (PCA) in the management of pain. The non-probabilistic sample corresponded to the observation of 81 procedures in 17 units of the Central Institute of the Clinics Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo. We calculated the MTC multiplying by the time spent by nurses at a unit cost of direct labor, adding the cost of materials and medications/solutions. The MTC of connecting was R$ 107.91; maintenance R$ 110.55 and disconnecting R$ 4.94. The results found will subsidize discussions about the need to transfer money from the Unified Health System to hospitals units that perform this technique of analgesic therapy and it will contribute to the cost management aimed at making efficient and effective decision-making in the allocation of available resources.