1000 resultados para Mecânica dos fluidos computacional
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Neste trabalho desenvolve-se um estudo numérico do fluxo de ar em torno da geometria de um pára-quedas tradicional simplificado, para alguns valores de Reynolds. O método baseia-se na solução das equações incompressíveis de Navier- Stokes discretizadas pelo método de diferenças finitas e integradas pelo método de Runge-Kutta. Utiliza-se o método dos contornos virtuais para representar a geometria numa malha cartesiana e o método de otimização não-linear dos poliedros flexíveis para otimização do coeficiente de arraste calculado através do código de dinâmica de fluidos computacional; esteé um método de busca multivariável, onde o pior vértice de um poliedro com n + 1 vérticesé substituído por um novo.
Análise de escoamentos incompressíveis utilizando simulação de grandes escalas e adaptação de malhas
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No presente estudo, são apresentadas soluções numéricas de problemas de Engenharia, na área de Dinâmica dos Fluidos Computacional, envolvendo fluidos viscosos, em escoamentos incompressíveis, isotérmicos e não isotérmicos, em regime laminar e turbulento, podendo envolver transporte de massa. Os principais objetivos deste trabalho são a formulação e a aplicação de uma estratégia de adaptação automática de malhas e a inclusão de modelos de viscosidade turbulenta, integrados com um algoritmo utilizado para simular escoamentos de fluidos viscosos bi e tridimensionais, no contexto de malhas não estruturadas. O estudo é dirigido no sentido de aumentar o conhecimento a respeito das estruturas de escoamentos turbulentos e de estudar os efeitos físicos no transporte de quantidades escalares propiciando, através de técnicas de adaptação automática de malhas, a obtenção de soluções numéricas precisas a um custo computacional otimizado. As equações de conservação de massa, de balanço de quantidade de movimento e de quantidade escalar filtradas são utilizadas para simular as grandes escalas de escoamentos turbulentos e, para representar as escalas submalha, são utilizados dois modelos de viscosidade turbulenta: o modelo de Smagorinsky clássico e o modelo dinâmico. Para obter soluções numéricas com precisão, é desenvolvida e implementada uma estratégia de adaptação automática de malhas, a qual é realizada simultaneamente e interativamente com a obtenção da solução. O estudo do comportamento da solução numérica é fundamentado em indicadores de erro, com o propósito de mapear as regiões onde certos fenômenos físicos do escoamento ocorrem com maior intensidade e de aplicar nestas regiões um esquema de adaptação de malhas. A adaptação é constituída por processos de refinamento/desrefinamento e por um processo de suavização laplaciana. Os procedimentos para a implementação dos modelos de viscosidade turbulenta e a estratégia de adaptação automática de malhas são incorporados ao código computacional de elementos finitos tridimensionais, o qual utiliza elementos tetraédricos lineares. Aplicações de escoamentos de fluidos viscosos, incompressíveis, isotérmicos e não isotérmicos em regime laminar e turbulento são simuladas e os resultados são apresentados e comparados com os obtidos numérica ou experimentalmente por outros autores.
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A transição à turbulência em uma camada de mistura estavelmente estratificada é de grande interesse para uma variedade de problemas geofísicos e de engenharia. Esta transição é controlada pela competição entre o cisalhamento do escoamento de base e as forças de empuxo, devido à estratificação em densidade do ambiente. Os efeitos do empuxo atuam no escoamento reduzindo a taxa de crescimento das perturbações e retardando a transição à turbulência, enquanto o cisalhamento fornece energia cinética ao escoamento. O presente trabalho investiga a natureza da transição à turbulência em uma camada de mistura temporal estavelmente estratificada através de Simulação Numérica Direta (DNS) e Simulação de Grandes Escalas (LES). O propósito da investigação é analisar o efeito da estratificação estável no desenvolvimento da instabilidade de Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) e na formação dos vórtices longitudinais, que se formam após a saturação dos turbilhões primários de K-H. Além deste propósito, é examinado, utilizando de DNS e LES, o desenvolvimento das instabilidades secundárias de K-H na camada baroclínica. Os testes numéricos tridimensionais são realizados com diferentes tipos de condições iniciais para a flutuação de velocidade transversal, enquanto uma condição forçada é usada para as outras duas componentes de flutuação de velocidade. Em particular, o efeito do comprimento transversal do domínio de cálculo é testado empregando diferentes comprimentos, enquanto são usadas as mesmas dimensões para a direção longitudinal e vertical. As simulações bidimensionais mostram que o aumento da estratificação inibe o processo de emparelhamento, reduz a troca de energia entre os turbilhões de K-H e o escoamento, atenua a instabilidade de K-H e diminui o fluxo vertical de massa. A instabilidade secundária do tipo K-H é identtificada na camada baroclínica para Re ¸ 500 quando há o processo de emparelhamento dos vórtices simulados. Na simulação a Re = 500, a instabilidade secundária de K-H aparece tanto para Ri = 0.07 (fraca estratificação) como para Ri = 0.167 (forte estratificação). Os resultados tridimensionais demonstram que os vórtices longitudinais são claramente formados na camada a Ri = 0. Por outro lado, nos casos estratificados os vórtices são enfraquecidos, devido ao gradiente longitudinal de densidade, que diminui a vorticidade nos turbilhões de K-H enquanto aumenta na região entre eles.
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This research covers the topic of social housing and its relation to thermal comfort, so applied to an architectural and urban intervention in land situated in central urban area of Macaíba/RN, Brazil. Reflecting on the role of design and use of alternative building materials in the search for better performance is one of its main goals. The hypothesis is that by changing design parameters and choice of materials, it is possible to achieve better thermal performance results. Thus, we performed computer simulations of thermal performance and natural ventilation using computational fluid dynamics or CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The presentation of the thermal simulation followed the methodology proposed in the dissertation Negreiros (2010), which aims to find the percentage of the amount of hours of comfort obtained throughout the year, while data analysis was made of natural ventilation from images generated by the images extracted from the CFD. From model building designed, was fitted an analytical framework that results in a comparison between three different proposals for dwellings housing model, which is evaluated the question of the thermal performance of buildings, and also deals with the spatial variables design, construction materials and costs. It is concluded that the final report confirmed the general hypotheses set at the start of the study, it was possible to quantify the results and identify the importance of design and construction materials are equivalent, and that, if combined, lead to gains in thermal performance potential.
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The present work studies the natural ventilation and its relationship with the urban standards, which establishes the form of occupation and use of the land in our cities. The method simulates the application of the urban standards of the City Master Plan over the last three years. The simulation takes place in the District of Petrópolis, in the city of Natal , Brazil and analyses the effects of the standards of natural ventilation. The formulated hypothesis states that the reductions in the urban spaces between buildings rises up the vertical profile of ventilation, reducing, therefore, the velocity of the wind at the lower levels of the buildings. To develop the study, occupation models were built, using computerized, three-dimensional models. These occupation models were analyzed using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code. The conclusion is that the more we reduce the urban space between buildings, the more we reduce the wind speed in constructed areas, increasing, therefore, the possibility to generate heat islands
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One of the current major concerns in engineering is the development of aircrafts that have low power consumption and high performance. So, airfoils that have a high value of Lift Coefficient and a low value for the Drag Coefficient, generating a High-Efficiency airfoil are studied and designed. When the value of the Efficiency increases, the aircraft s fuel consumption decreases, thus improving its performance. Therefore, this work aims to develop a tool for designing of airfoils from desired characteristics, as Lift and Drag coefficients and the maximum Efficiency, using an algorithm based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). For this, it was initially collected an aerodynamic characteristics database, with a total of 300 airfoils, from the software XFoil. Then, through the software MATLAB, several network architectures were trained, between modular and hierarchical, using the Back-propagation algorithm and the Momentum rule. For data analysis, was used the technique of cross- validation, evaluating the network that has the lowest value of Root Mean Square (RMS). In this case, the best result was obtained for a hierarchical architecture with two modules and one layer of hidden neurons. The airfoils developed for that network, in the regions of lower RMS, were compared with the same airfoils imported into the software XFoil
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Cotton is a hydrofilic textile fiber and, for this reason, it changes its properties according to the environment changes. Moisture and Temperature are the two most important factors that lead a cotton Spinning sector and influence its quality. Those two properties can change the entire Spinning process. Understanding this, moisture and temperature must be kept under control when used during the Spinning process, once the environment is hot and dry, the cotton yarns absorb moisture and lose the minimal consistency. According to this information, this paper was developed testing four types of cotton yarns, one kind of cotton from Brazil and the others from Egypt. The yarns were exposed to different temperatures and moisture in five different tests and in each test, six samples that were examined through physical and mechanical tests: resistance, strength, tenacity, yarn´s hairness, yarn´s evenness and yarn´s twisting. All the analysis were accomplished at Laboratório de Mecânica dos Fluídos and at COATS Corrente S.A., where, it was possible to use the equipments whose were fundamental to develop this paper, such as the STATIMAT ME that measures strength, tenacity, Zweigler G566, that measure hairiness in the yarn, a skein machine and a twisting machine. The analysis revealed alterations in the yarn´s characteristics in a direct way, for example, as moisture and temperature were increased, the yarn´s strength, tenacity and hairness were increased as well. Having the results of all analysis, it is possible to say that a relatively low temperature and a high humidity, cotton yarns have the best performance
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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This paper presents an extension of the Enestrom-Kakeya theorem concerning the roots of a polynomial that arises from the analysis of the stability of Brown (K, L) methods. The generalization relates to relaxing one of the inequalities on the coefficients of the polynomial. Two results concerning the zeros of polynomials will be proved, one of them providing a partial answer to a conjecture by Meneguette (1994)[6]. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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The numerical simulation of flows of highly elastic fluids has been the subject of intense research over the past decades with important industrial applications. Therefore, many efforts have been made to improve the convergence capabilities of the numerical methods employed to simulate viscoelastic fluid flows. An important contribution for the solution of the High-Weissenberg Number Problem has been presented by Fattal and Kupferman [J. Non-Newton. Fluid. Mech. 123 (2004) 281-285] who developed the matrix-logarithm of the conformation tensor technique, henceforth called log-conformation tensor. Its advantage is a better approximation of the large growth of the stress tensor that occur in some regions of the flow and it is doubly beneficial in that it ensures physically correct stress fields, allowing converged computations at high Weissenberg number flows. In this work we investigate the application of the log-conformation tensor to three-dimensional unsteady free surface flows. The log-conformation tensor formulation was applied to solve the Upper-Convected Maxwell (UCM) constitutive equation while the momentum equation was solved using a finite difference Marker-and-Cell type method. The resulting developed code is validated by comparing the log-conformation results with the analytic solution for fully developed pipe flows. To illustrate the stability of the log-conformation tensor approach in solving three-dimensional free surface flows, results from the simulation of the extrudate swell and jet buckling phenomena of UCM fluids at high Weissenberg numbers are presented. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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This work describes a methodology to simulate free surface incompressible multiphase flows. This novel methodology allows the simulation of multiphase flows with an arbitrary number of phases, each of them having different densities and viscosities. Surface and interfacial tension effects are also included. The numerical technique is based on the GENSMAC front-tracking method. The velocity field is computed using a finite-difference discretization of a modification of the NavierStokes equations. These equations together with the continuity equation are solved for the two-dimensional multiphase flows, with different densities and viscosities in the different phases. The governing equations are solved on a regular Eulerian grid, and a Lagrangian mesh is employed to track free surfaces and interfaces. The method is validated by comparing numerical with analytic results for a number of simple problems; it was also employed to simulate complex problems for which no analytic solutions are available. The method presented in this paper has been shown to be robust and computationally efficient. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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This paper reports experiments on the use of a recently introduced advection bounded upwinding scheme, namely TOPUS (Computers & Fluids 57 (2012) 208-224), for flows of practical interest. The numerical results are compared against analytical, numerical and experimental data and show good agreement with them. It is concluded that the TOPUS scheme is a competent, powerful and generic scheme for complex flow phenomena.