Behavior of Ad Hoc routing protocols, analyzed for emergency and rescue scenarios, on a real urban area

A mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that can dynamically configure a network without a fixed infrastructure or central administration. This makes it ideal for emergency and rescue scenarios, where sharing information is essential and should occur as soon as possible. This article discusses which of the routing strategies for mobile MANETs: proactive, reactive or hierarchical, has a better performance in such scenarios. By selecting a real urban area for the emergency and rescue scenario, we calculated the density of nodes and the mobility model needed for the validation study of AODV, DSDV and CBRP in the routing model. The NS2 simulator has been used for our study. We also show that the hierarchical routing strategies are better suited for this type of scenarios.

Mlle. V...in Costume of an Espada: detail

Édouard Manet; oil on canvas

The Dead Toreador

Édouard Manet; 2 ft. 5 7/8 in.x 5 ft. 23/64 in.; oil on canvas

Biographie des Malouins célèbrès, nés depuis le 15e siècle jusqu'à nos jours; précédée d'une notice historique sur la ville de Saint-Malo, depuis son origine.

Mode of access: Internet.

Almanach, 1909.

Hermann Schlittgen, Erinnerung an Wilhelm Leibl.--Eine autobiographische note Adolf Menzels.--Max Liebermann, Zwei Holzschnitte von Manet.--Alfred Sisley; über landschaftsmalerei.--Jozef Israels, Rembrandt.--E.G. Craig, Über Bühnenausstatung.--Max Liebermann: Erinnerungen an Karl Steffeck.--Maurice Denis: Aristide Maillol.--Aubrey Beardsley über Turner.--Anselm Feuerbach: Drei Briefe.--MacNeill Whistler: Der rote Lappen.--MacNeill Whistler: Wann ein Kunstwerk vollendet ist.--Francisco de Goya: Drei Briefe.--Christian Morgenstern: C.H. Andersens Silhouetten; des Märchendichters scheer.--Franz Krüger, Briefe an Karl Steffeck.--Karl Hagemeister: Karl Schuch.--Émile Zola: Édouard Manet.--F.G. Waldmüller, Aus seinen hinterlassenen Schriften.--Hans von Marés: Briefe.

Biographie des Malouins célèbres nés depuis le 15e siècle jusqu'à nos jours; précédée d'une notice historique sur la ville de Saint-Malo depuis son origine.

Mode of access: Internet.

Bezette stad /

Issued in gray paper covers; front cover design by Jespers, printed in black and blue.

Maximilian’s Journeys through Spain and Brazil: The Long Way to the Mexican Empire

In May of 1864, Maximilian of Austria reached the Mexican coast, being this journey his last, ending three years later with his execution. Much has been written about the reasons that prompted his acceptance of the crown of Mexico, a country so distant in every sense of his cultural environment. However, years ago Maximilian had traveled to Spain and Brazil (to Spain twice) and these experiences, although not determinant, greatly influenced the decision of the Archduke, who saw the chance to realize a dream he had conceived on his trip to Spain and that was consolidated during his stay in Brazil, as we can extract from his travel memoirs.

L’écriture de Mohammed Dib entre photographie et intertexte

En 1946, Muni de son Rolleiflex, Dib, tout jeune photographie sa ville natale Tlemcen. En 1994, il publie son livre Tlemcen ou les lieux d’écriture, un texte empreint de nostalgie et d’amour pour sa ville et pour son pays. Ses photos y côtoient ses textes anciens dans un biblio personnel. Le lecteur se trouve entre un présent et un passé appelé sémiologiquement de deux procédés différents, mais complémentaires ; l’image et le texte. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d’étudier comment la photographie s’est installée dans l’œuvre de Dib et comment elle se trouve au centre de son intérêt littéraire et nostalgique à la fois. Puis, nous verrons comment l’intertexte, devenu autotexte, est un moyen de vivre la nostalgie.   

Picasso y Cornuty. La absenta como adicción cambiosecular europea

Electricity coined the nightlife in the European capital par excellence in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: Paris. Under the artificial reflection dandies, elegant workers, and bohemians flocked to the new playground. Painters, converted to urban chroniclers, show pictorial modernity and vitality; in the canvas of Manet, Toulouse-Lautrec, Degas or Jean Béraud we see a common element: the glass of absinthe on the table. The absinthe took sacrosanct dyes in the daily living of Parisian habitants and became an indispensable ritual to Henri Albert Cornuty, a poet who was part of the Madrid bohemian and in the gallery of disinherited that Picasso painted in blue stage. A writer and a painter that bring us to the drink-image of the intelligentsia of the time; this elixir was attributed with hypnotic, aphrodisiac and hallucinogenic powers; the myth of absinthe was part of the imaginary Paris at end of the century, an iconography that continues shaping identity in the twenty-first century.

Los cuadros de fusilamientos en el siglo XIX. Una discusión de intenciones

Con Los Fusilamientos del Tres de Mayode Goya, comienzan los cuadros alusivos a este tipo de ejecución. En el siglo xix, el tratamiento más académico prefería otra escenificación al tema. Este trabajo estudia las relaciones de las versiones de «fusilamientos» de Goya y Manet (La ejecución de Maximiliano de Méjico) y su contexto con otras obras similares. La tercera obra principal a tratar el Fusilamiento de Torrijos de Gisbert, que está entre la academia y la influencia de Goya. Se demuestra que, especialmente con Goya y en menor medida con Manet, el artista se toma algunas licencias del relato documental del suceso. En Goya, los soldados son arquetipos inventados y no corresponden a unidad o tipo alguno directamente. Se comparan las intenciones, la composición y otros elementos de los cuadros de fusilamientos, estableciendo un sistema de relaciones.