苯并（a）芘的微生物降解及其酶蛋白应答研究

本文以苯并(a)芘为目标污染物，探讨了母体化合物BaP及其次生代谢产物的连续降解的方法、降解过程和微生物的酶蛋白应答，并运用种子（小麦、白菜和萝卜）根伸长生长实验，考查了BaP的不同降解时期次生代谢产物造成的复合污染整体效应，旨在探讨BaP及其次生代谢产物的降解影响因素，减少其环境累积，为BaP污染环境的全面修复提供实验依据和理论基础。 在实验条件下，运用HPLC鉴定出真菌FZSY-1降解BaP的同时生成了三个次生代谢产物BP1,6-quinone, BP7,8-diol 和 3-OHBP；同时鉴定出真菌FZSY-2降解BaP的同时生成了两个代谢产物BP1,6-quinone 和 3-OHBP。 驯化微生物与氧化剂（KMnO4）的耦合降解系统对BaP及其代谢产物的连续降解效果好于单纯微生物降解。三个次生代谢产物中，BP1,6-quinone在环境中最易累积。同时提出了微生物与氧化剂协同的作用可以有效促进环境中持久有机污染物（尤其是高浓度，小面积污染）的连续降解。对于FZSY-1与氧化剂（KMnO4）耦合降解BaP，在TW80存在下，与对照（未加TW80）相比，在降解的前期（3天取样），BaP及其代谢产物的降解相对滞后；而在降解的后期（12天取样），BaP及其代谢产物的降解高于对照。 在不同BaP浓度下，检测了四种酶，C120、C230、CAT和PPO。三株细菌的CAT酶活与BaP的浓度无关；三株细菌的C230酶活都比较高；三株细菌的PPO酶活均较低。加入共代谢底物(琥珀酸钠)后，与对照(未加入共代谢底物)相比，C120、C230酶活明显提高。 以BaP以及FZSY-1（BZSY-2）降解BaP不同时期的复合降解产物（BaP，M6，M12，CK）为目标污染物，它们对小麦种子根伸长的抑制作用顺序为：M6﹥BaP﹥M12﹥CK。BaP，M6，M12，CK对白菜和萝卜种子根伸长的抑制作用顺序和小麦相同；同一目标污染物（M6）对这几种供试种子（小麦、白菜和萝卜）根伸长的抑制作用顺序为小麦﹥白菜﹥萝卜；三种植物种子根伸长抑制作用均表现为：真菌的M6﹥细菌的M6，真菌的M12﹥细菌的M12。

Acculturation and Global Mindsponge

Much research on acculturation around global experiences has focused on the “type” of overseas experience—e.g. expatriate, repatriate, inpatriate, flexpatriate. The experiences of people in those categories and across various demographics (single/married/divorced; gender; sexual orientation) can differ dramatically. In addition, given the explosion of people working in global business, some global business citizens could well fit into several of those various types of experiences over the course of their careers. In this paper, we propose to push in a somewhat different direction and explore something that for us would be quite new. Rather than focusing on the various categories and their resulting experiences, we take a step back to consider what attributes and ways of thinking a global citizen may need to become better as a global business citizen, regardless of type of experience. The question is less one of “Who am I” than “How can I become better?”. Essentially, we would like to explore what might be required in moving the global citizen from thinking about “global mindset” to “global mindsponge.” When we hear the term mindset, we think of a certain way of thinking that stays rather fixed. So part of the challenge of the paper will be to define and examine what mindsponge might mean in the global context—what does it take to unlearn or squeeze out certain ways of thinking or behaving before absorbing and reshaping new ways of thinking and behaving? Moreover, how might that become part of a natural and regular way of operating, especially in a rapidly changing developing country like Vietnam, in particular? At this early stage, we think of mind sponge as a mechanism that encourages flexibility and receptiveness through a process of using multiple filters and more focus on creativity, or doing things differently to improve an organization or individual performance. Our goal is to develop a basic conceptual framework for “mindsponge,” drawing upon a broad literature review as well as several unstructured interviews, to assess whether the idea of mindsponge helps people perceive that they are more culturally versatile and culturally mobile, regardless of whether they work in or outside of their “home environment.” We hope this would enhance their ability to shape an emerging set of cultural values that erases the divide between “foreign” and “local” cultural differences that so often dominates in emerging economies.

M. Annaeus Lucanus, Pharsalia (2-93). - P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneis [fragment] (93v). - P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses [fragment] (93v).

Les textes de Virgile et d'Ovide (f. 93v) ont été copiés au XIIe s.

Transformationale Führung als Erfolgsfaktor des Interim Management

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, wie Führung zur Bewältigung von Unternehmenskrisen und Umsetzung von Veränderungen im Kontext des Interim Management beitragen kann. Dazu wurde die Theorie transformationaler Führung um aufgabenbezogene und indirekte Führung und den Einsatz von Positionsmacht ergänzt. Damit wurden diese erfolgskritischen Führungsdimensionen erstmals in einem gemeinsamen theoretischen Rahmen verbunden und die Auswirkungen einer kombinierten Anwendung untersucht. Dieser neue Ansatz wurde als „Total Range of Leadership“ bezeichnet. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung konnten neue Erkenntnisse zum Kontext und den Erfolgsfaktoren des Interim Management sowie zu den Auswirkungen und Wirkungsmechanismen transformationaler Führung und des Total Range of Leadership gewonnen werden. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Interim Management ein hoch effektives Veränderungsinstrument ist. Als erfolgsrelevante Rahmenbedingungen wurden die Ausstattung der Interim Manager mit umfassenden Vollmachten sowie die Unterstützung durch die Auftraggeber, als wichtigster Erfolgsfaktor des Interim Management aber eindeutig die Anwendung transformationaler Führung und des Total Range of Leadership identifiziert. Die Anwendung transformationaler Führung im Rahmen des Total Range of Leadership wirkt sich positiv auf Persönlichkeit, Einstellungen, Kompetenz und Verhalten der Mitarbeiter sowie Organisationsstruktur, Unternehmenskultur, organisationale Lernfähigkeit und finanziellen und marktbezogenen Erfolg von Unternehmens aus. Dabei erzielt transformationale Führung die bei Weitem größte Wirkung aller Führungsdimensionen. Es konnte aufgezeigt werden, dass transformationale Führung diese Wirkung nur in Verbindung mit der kompetenten Anwendung von transaktionaler, aufgabenbezogener und indirekter Führung entfalten kann. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse deuten außerdem darauf hin, dass eine transformationale Führungsbeziehung nur dann entstehen kann, wenn die Mitarbeiter Vertrauen in die professionelle Kompetenz und die Integrität ihrer Führungskraft fassen. Als normative Grundlagen transformationaler Führung wurden die Gewährleistung der Wohlfahrt und des Nutzens der Geführten sowie der Bezug auf und die Berücksichtigung von geteilten und allgemein akzeptierte Werten, insbesondere der distributiven und prozeduralen Gerechtigkeit, identifiziert. Insgesamt deuten die Erkenntnisse der Untersuchung darauf hin, dass mit dem Total Range of Leadership ein ganzheitlicher Führungsansatz entwickelt wurde, der alle aktiven und positiven Führungsverhaltensweisen umfasst, die zur Bewältigung von Krisen und Durchführung von Veränderungen in Unternehmen sowie für effektive Führung überhaupt erforderlich sind.

Surface water temperature observations of large lakes by optimal estimation

Optimal estimation (OE) and probabilistic cloud screening were developed to provide lake surface water temperature (LSWT) estimates from the series of (advanced) along-track scanning radiometers (ATSRs). Variations in physical properties such as elevation, salinity, and atmospheric conditions are accounted for through the forward modelling of observed radiances. Therefore, the OE retrieval scheme developed is generic (i.e., applicable to all lakes). LSWTs were obtained for 258 of Earth's largest lakes from ATSR-2 and AATSR imagery from 1995 to 2009. Comparison to in situ observations from several lakes yields satellite in situ differences of −0.2 ± 0.7 K for daytime and −0.1 ± 0.5 K for nighttime observations (mean ± standard deviation). This compares with −0.05 ± 0.8 K for daytime and −0.1 ± 0.9 K for nighttime observations for previous methods based on operational sea surface temperature algorithms. The new approach also increases coverage (reducing misclassification of clear sky as cloud) and exhibits greater consistency between retrievals using different channel–view combinations. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) techniques were applied to the LSWT retrievals (which contain gaps due to cloud cover) to reconstruct spatially and temporally complete time series of LSWT. The new LSWT observations and the EOF-based reconstructions offer benefits to numerical weather prediction, lake model validation, and improve our knowledge of the climatology of lakes globally. Both observations and reconstructions are publically available from http://hdl.handle.net/10283/88.

Morphological and molecular characterization of an equine isolate of Pythium insidiosum and comparison with the first human isolate from the same geographic region

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tonometria, paquimetria e comprimento axial ocular em cães glaucomatosos submetidos à ablação uveal intravítrea

Estudaram-se as alterações tonométricas, paquimétricas e de comprimento axial em cães com glaucoma submetidos à ablação uveal intravítrea. Foram avaliados 13 olhos irreversivelmente cegos de cães que apresentavam glaucoma crônico unilateral, nos quais realizou-se a ablação uveal intra-vítrea, por meio de injeção na câmara vítrea de 0,5ml de sulfato de gentamicina (40mg/ml) associado a 0,3ml de fosfato de dexametasona (4mg/ml). As mensurações da pressão intra-ocular (Po), espessura corneana e eixo axial com tonometria de aplanação, paquimetria ultra-sônica e ultra-sonografias modos A e B foram realizadas no dia da ablação (M0) e após uma (M1), quatro (M4), oito (M8), 12 (M12), 24 (M24) e 48 semanas (M48). A Po diminuiu significativamente em todos os momentos em relação ao M0, com aumento da espessura corneana ao longo do experimento. Nas avaliações ultra-sonográficas notou-se diminuição significativa do bulbo ocular a partir de M4, com medidas ultra-sonográficas modo A significativamente maiores que as do modo B. O procedimento foi efetivo na redução da Po e na diminuição do eixo axial, demonstrando ser viável no controle do glaucoma crônico em olhos irreversivelmente cegos, e ser uma alternativa à enucleação e inserção de prótese ocular.

Design and development of a low-cost solar tracker

To become competitive, ultimately, photovoltaics should have its costs reduced and use photovoltaic systems of greater efficiency. The main steps in this direction are the use of new materials, the improvement in the manufacture of modules and the adoption of techniques of maximum power point tracking and of solar tracking. This article aims at presenting the project and development of an azimuth and elevation solar tracker, based on a new conception of the positioning sensor, composed of an array of four photoresistors. The two direct current motors that operate in the vertical and horizontal axes are controlled by a proportional-integral microcontroller. The conditions of the project were low cost, small energy consumption and versatility. The microcontroller can also incorporate a maximum power point tracking algorithm. The performance of solar tracker prototype in the initial phase of field tests can be considered appropriate. © Institution of Engineers Australia, 2013.

Efeitos do tramadol no modelo de dor induzida por obstrução intestinal em eqüinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da absorção colostral em neonatos ovinos da raça Bergamácia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)