El aborto en la ley europea : derechos humanos, derechos sociales y la nueva tendencia cultural

Resumen: Este art��culo se propone analizar: 1) si existe un verdadero ���derecho al aborto��� en la Convenci��n Europea de Derechos Humanos, 2) si el aborto es una violaci��n a los Derechos Sociales, 3) si la reciente tendencia en Europa frente a la restricci��n del aborto muestra que ��ste es un problema social y no un derecho o una libertad individual. Legisladores y organizaciones esperando proteger mejor a los ni��os y a las mujeres, del aborto, encontrar��n cr��ticas a la idea de la existencia de un derecho humano al aborto, as�� como el marco legal en el cual elaborar leyes protectorias.

Flavio Josefo e o paradigma de circularidade cultural entre as comunidades judaicas e a sociedade romana na Urbs do s��culo I d.C

O paradigma de circularidade cultural entre a comunidade judaica e a sociedade romana foi constru��do pela historiografia atrav��s da an��lise do contato sociocultural e embates entre romanos e judeus que, ao longo da hist��ria, ocuparam o mesmo espa��o em diversas regi��es anexadas ao Imp��rio Romano. As rela����es de poder estabelecidas entre Roma e Jerusal��m, ap��s a ocupa����o da Jud��ia, apontam para uma hierarquiza����o nas rela����es sociais, culturais e pol��ticas entre romanos e judeus. O conceito de circularidade cultural de Carlo Ginzburg nos permite, a partir da trajet��ria de Fl��vio Josefo, identificar a dualidade no mundo social de Josefo, na qual, de um lado estavam as culturas dominantes (sociedade romana) e, do outro, as culturas subalternas (comunidades judaicas) que, apesar da marca����o das diferen��as, se influenciavam reciprocamente.

Ancient DNA from South-East Europe Reveals Different Events during Early and Middle Neolithic Influencing the European Genetic Heritage

The importance of the process of Neolithization for the genetic make-up of European populations has been hotly debated, with shifting hypotheses from a demic diffusion (DD) to a cultural diffusion (CD) model. In this regard, ancient DNA data from the Balkan Peninsula, which is an important source of information to assess the process of Neolithization in Europe, is however missing. In the present study we show genetic information on ancient populations of the South-East of Europe. We assessed mtDNA from ten sites from the current territory of Romania, spanning a time-period from the Early Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age. mtDNA data from Early Neolithic farmers of the Starcevo Cris culture in Romania (Carcea, Gura Baciului and Negrilesti sites), confirm their genetic relationship with those of the LBK culture (Linienbandkeramik Kultur) in Central Europe, and they show little genetic continuity with modern European populations. On the other hand, populations of the Middle-Late Neolithic (Boian, Zau and Gumelnita cultures), supposedly a second wave of Neolithic migration from Anatolia, had a much stronger effect on the genetic heritage of the European populations. In contrast, we find a smaller contribution of Late Bronze Age migrations to the genetic composition of Europeans. Based on these findings, we propose that permeation of mtDNA lineages from a second wave of Middle-Late Neolithic migration from North-West Anatolia into the Balkan Peninsula and Central Europe represent an important contribution to the genetic shift between Early and Late Neolithic populations in Europe, and consequently to the genetic make-up of modern European populations.

A literary occupation: responses of German writers in service in occupied Europe

This thesis examines the literary output of German servicemen writers writing from the occupied territories of Europe in the period 1940-1944. Whereas literary-biographical studies and appraisals of the more significant individual writers have been written, and also a collective assessment of the Eastern front writers, this thesis addresses in addition the German literary responses in France and Greece, as being then theatres of particular cultural/ideological attention. Original papers of the writer Felix Hartlaub were consulted by the author at the Deutsches Literatur Archiv (DLA) at Marbach. Original imprints of the wartime works of the subject writers are referred to throughout, and citations are from these. As all the published works were written under conditions of wartime censorship and, even where unpublished, for fear of discovery written in oblique terms, the texts were here examined for subliminal authorial intention. The critical focus of the thesis is on literary quality: on aesthetic niveau, on applied literary form, and on integrity of authorial intention. The thesis sought to discover: (1) the extent of the literary output in book-length forms. (2) the auspices and conditions under which this literary output was produced. (3) the publication history and critical reception of the output. The thesis took into account, inter alia: (1) occupation policy as it pertained locally to the writers��� remit; (2) the ethical implications of this for the writers; (3) the writers��� literary stratagems for negotiating the constraints of censorship.

The presence of the Aragonese language in the magazine "El Ebro" (1917-1936)

El Ebro (1917-1936) was a magazine published in Barcelona by Aragonese emigrants at the beginning of the 20th century. It was the first experience of coexistence of different dialectal varieties of the Aragonese language in the same media. El Ebro was an experience that has gone virtually unnoticed in the recent history of one of the most minority languages, and with minor media presence, of Western Europe. In its pages El Ebro mixed dialects spoken in different regions of linguistic Aragonese area together with transcripts of medieval documents. At the same time, this newspaper raised debates about the language issue that they were truncated due to disappearance of the publication and the lack of theoretical realization

Un episodio en la recepci��n cultural dieciochesca de lo ex��tico: la llegada del elefante a Madrid en 1773

At the end of 1773 an Indian elephant, brought for the royal m��nagerie at Aranjuez, was shown in the streets of Madrid. The resulting public fascination provoked by the intrusion of this exotic animal can be traced through poems (Tom��s de Iriarte), short plays (Ram��n de la Cruz), articles in the periodical press, popular and scientific prints representing the animal, and even in the costumbrista pastels of Lorenzo Tiepolo. The mythic and premodern knowledge of animal nature collides in a debate with the new scientific observation. In the final decades of the 18th century, the image of the captive elephant acquired in Europe a new symbolic meaning linked with the political fight against slavery. All these very different elements converge in Goya's Disparate de bestia.

Claves para el reconocimiento de la dehesa como "paisaje cultural" de Unesco

La dehesa espa��ola y su hom��nimo portugu��s (el montado) son sistemas agrosilvopastoriles mediterr��neos que proyectan un paisaje excepcional y de elevados valores patrimoniales. Sobre ellos se ciernen nuevas o renovadas amenazas que comprometen su futuro, en un momento (el actual) de creciente revalorizaci��n socio-institucional de sus paisajes. Su declaraci��n como paisaje cultural de Unesco puede constituir un potente instrumento para atajar dichas amenazas, pero requiere de la clarificaci��n de ciertos interrogantes relacionados con las escalas. Este art��culo se adentra en el valor universal excepcional de la dehesa y propone algunas claves para sustentar su posible incorporaci��n a la Lista de Patrimonio Mundial de Unesco. El an��lisis se acomete a nivel de tipos de paisaje, pero se avanzan algunos criterios para la selecci��n de ��mbitos concretos y representativos susceptibles de integrar una candidatura como ���bien en serie���.

Prospects for women's legislative representation in postsocialist Europe: the views of female politicians

Research on women���s political representation in post-socialist Europe has highlighted the role of cultural and political factors in obstructing women���s access to legislative power, such as the prevalence of traditional gender stereotypes, electoral systems, and the absence of a feminist movement. Yet the role of women political elites in enhancing or hindering women���s access to political power in the region has so far remained uncharted. This article seeks to fill some of the existing gaps in this literature by examining the views of women politicians with regard to women���s political underrepresentation and their assessments of strategies for redressing this imbalance. Findings from the analysis reveal that although women politicians recognize gender inequalities in representation as a problem requiring intervention, how the problem is perceived, and the preferred measures to deal with it, is largely shaped by the social and cultural context in which these actors are embedded.

Carrying religion into a secularising Europe: Montserratian migrants' experiences of global processes in British methodism

Migrants to Europe often perceive themselves as entering a secular society that threatens their religious identities and practices. Whilst some sociological models present their responses in terms of cultural defence, ethnographic analysis reveals a more complex picture of interaction with local contexts. This essay draws upon ethnographic research to explore a relatively neglected situation in migration studies, namely the interactions between distinct migration cohorts - in this case, from the Caribbean island of Montserrat, as examined through their experiences in London Methodist churches. It employs the ideas of Weber and Bourdieu to view these migrants as 'religious carriers', as collective and individual embodiments of religious dispositions and of those socio-cultural processes through which their religion is reproduced. Whilst the strategies of the cohort migrating after the Second World War were restricted through their marginalised social status and experience of racism, the recent cohort of evacuees fleeing volcanic eruptions has had greater scope for strategies which combat secularisation and fading Methodist identity.

Megalithic Cultures in Britain and their relationship to Western Europe.:Meeting on Megalithic Culture. Comparing Prehistoric ruins of the East and Europe,

H. Kanaseki, Editor. 2003, UNESCO-Cultural Heritage Protection Office: Horen-Cho, Nara.

Devotional Culture in Late Medieval England and Europe: Diverse Imaginations of Christ���s Life

Christ���s life, as related through the Gospel narratives and early Apocrypha, was subject to a riot of literary-devotional adaptation in the medieval period. This collection provides a series of groundbreaking studies centring on the devotional and cultural significance of Christianity���s pivotal story during the Middle Ages.<br/><br/>The collection represents an important milestone in terms of mapping the meditative modes of piety that characterize a number of Christological traditions, including the Meditationes vitae Christi and the numerous versions it spawned in both Latin and the vernacular. A number of chapters in the volume track how and why meditative piety grew in popularity to become a mode of spiritual activity advised not only to recluses and cenobites as in the writings of Aelred of Rievaulx, but also reached out to diverse lay audiences through the pastoral regimens prescribed by devotional authors such as the Carthusian prior Nicholas Love in England and the Parisian theologian and chancellor of the University of Paris, Jean Gerson.<br/><br/>Through exploring these texts from a variety of perspectives ��� theoretical, codicological, theological ��� and through tracing their complex lines of dissemination in ideological and material terms, this collection promises to be invaluable to students and scholars of medieval religious and literary culture.

Constraints, nostalgia and North Americans' visits to rural Europe

As Am��ricas constituem a mais relevante fonte inter-regional de turistas vindos para a Europa, sendo os EUA de longe o maior mercado de long haul para a Europa. Mas, apesar da relev��ncia deste mercado nas estat��sticas, h�� uma car��ncia de estudos sobre o mesmo. A maioria dos Norte-Americanos que visitam a Europa mant��em-se em ��reas urbanas, limitando o potencial efeito do turismo para equilibrar o crescimento econ��mico na Europa, principalmente em ��reas rurais que t��m vindo cada vez mais a atrair turistas nas ��ltimas d��cadas, contando sobretudo da EU. Para o turismo ser realmente uma for��a positiva de desenvolvimento equilibrado na Europa, os pesquisadores do comportamento do consumidor devem tentar entender por que os viajantes Norte-Americanos n��o arriscam ir para zonas rurais que supostamente t��m o capital tradicional e cultural aut��ntico que sobretudo os turistas nost��lgicos procuram. Esta disserta����o pretende contribuir para o conhecimento do mercado Norte-Americano que viaja para a Europa. O objectivo deste estudo centra-se na examina����o do papel dos constrangimentos, da nostalgia, e da experi��ncia de viagem para as inten����es dos turistas Norte-Americanos de revisitar em destinos rurais Europeus. Apesar de existirem refer��ncias �� nostalgia em pesquisas de turismo, estas centram-se essencialmente em estudos de car��cter qualitativo e tem sido dada pouca relev��ncia �� constru����o de ferramentas quantitativas para o estudo da nostalgia a n��vel do turismo. Neste estudo, �� desenvolvida uma escala de nostalgia para o turismo (NOSTOUR). Os resultados mostram que a nostalgia, relacionada com as viagens pode ser concebida e operacionalizada em quatro dimens��es: individual, interpessoal, cultural e virtual. A nostalgia, por si s��, n��o tem um efeito mediador nos constrangimentos para viajar a n��vel da inten����o de regressar e visitar destinos rurais na Europa mas com a adi����o, do determinante experi��ncia de viagem esse efeito existe.

Muslims in Public and Media Discourse in Western Europe: The Reproduction of Aporia and Exclusion

This chapter scrutinizes the dominant public discourse in Western Europe. Drawing on examples from the UK, Germany, and France but also from the Netherlands, Denmark and Spain it illustrates the gradual transformation of discourse from an ���exotic Islam��� to a ���threatening Islam��� that endangers European values and safety and suggests that the combination of this ���securitization��� of Islam and the monopoly of the ���Muslim voice��� by radical Muslim activists leads to a vicious circle of misrecognition and enhancing the aporia of Europe's Muslims.