Practice variations in the production of health

This study investigates three questions related to medical practice variation. First, it tests whether average length of stay across Portuguese National Health Service hospitals varies when controlling for differences in patients’ characteristics. Second, it looks at hospital-level characteristics in order to find out whether these are able to explain differences in average length of stay across hospitals. Finally, it proposes a best practice average length of stay for each of the six episodes of care analyzed. To perform the analysis, administrative data from the Diagnosis-Related groups’ data set for the year of 2012 was used. A replication of a hierarchical two-stage model with hospital fixed effects was carried out. The results show that after taking patients’ characteristics into account, variation in average length of stay across hospitals exists. This variation cannot be explained by hospital-level characteristics.

DRGs in hospital management.

One of the traditional tasks of district and hospital managers has been to attempt to explain variations in average length of stay, average cost per day and average cost per case, between different hospitals. The need for such explanations has become more acute as a result of the recent emphasis on 'performance indicators' as measures of the efficiency of hospitals. The task of explaining these differences has not been rendered easier by the lack of appropriate management information for this purpose.

Acute opiate overdose: characteristics of 190 consecutive cases.

AIMS: To characterize the population of drug users consulting the Emergency Room (ER) of a university hospital with acute opiate overdose (AOO) and to assess rate of referral to specialized treatment programme. DESIGN: Survey of a 12-month sample of AOO patients. MEASUREMENTS: Medical and psychosocial features of the drug users, details of emergency treatment and referral by a mobile resuscitation team (SMUR) and the ER of our hospital (CHUV-Lausanne, Switzerland). In addition fatal AOO cases were collected by the Institute of Forensic Medicine (IFM) during the same period. FINDINGS: One hundred and eighty-four cases of AOO (134 patients) were treated. The files of the IFM detailed six additional deceased cases. This population of drug users was characterized by an over-representation of men (73%), by young age (27.4 years), by a high rate of multi-drugs use (90%) and by a high rate of multiple previous overdoses (2.6). Average length of stay was 20.1 hours but 41% of cases stayed less than 8 hours. Only one patient was readmitted within an 8-hour period. When discharged, 78% returned home. Unexpectedly, 67% of patients were not referred to any therapeutic programme for drug addiction. CONCLUSION: This study shows the low mortality of AOO when treated but also demonstrates the need to improve psychosocial evaluation and referral of drug addicts admitted with AOO.

Epidemiology and direct medical costs of osteoporotic fractures in men and women in Switzerland

The aim of this study was to estimate the hospitalization incidence and the total number of hospital days related to all fractures and osteoporotic fractures in the year 2000 in Switzerland and to compare these with data from other frequent disorders in men and women. The official administrative and medical statistics database of the Swiss Federal Office of Statistics (SFOS) from the year 2000 was used. It covered 81.2% of all registered patient admissions and was considered to be representative of the entire population. We included the ICD-10 codes of 84 diagnoses that were compatible with an underlying osteoporosis and applied the best matching age-specific osteoporosis attribution rates published for the ICD-9 diagnosis codes to the individual ICD-10 codes. To preserve comparability with previously published data from 1992, we grouped the data related to the ICD-10 fracture codes into seven diagnosis pools (fractures of the axial skeleton, fractures of the proximal upper limbs, fractures of the distal upper limbs, fractures of the proximal lower limbs, fractures of the distal lower limbs, multiple fractures, and osteoporosis) and analyzed them separately for women and men by age group. Incidences of hospitalization due to fractures were calculated, and the direct medical costs related to hospitalization were estimated. In addition, we compared the results with those from chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD), stroke, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, diabetes and breast carcinoma from the same database. In Switzerland during 2000, 62,535 hospitalizations for fractures (35,586 women and 26,949 men) were registered. Fifty-one percent of all fractures in women and 24% in men were considered as osteoporotic. The overall incidences of hospitalization due to fractures were 969 and 768 per 100,000 in women and men, respectively. The hospitalization incidences for fractures of the proximal lower limbs and the axial skeleton increased exponentially after the age of 65 years. The direct medical cost of hospitalization of patients with osteoporosis and/or related fractures was 357 million CHF. Hip fractures accounted for approximately half of these costs in women and men. Among other common diseases in women and men, osteoporosis ranked number 1 in women and number 2 (behind COPD) in men. When compared with data from 1992, the average length of stay had shortened by 8.4 days for women and 4.7 days for men, leading to a decrease of almost 40% in direct medical costs related to acute hospitalizations. This apparent decrease in cost might result from a shift into the ambulatory cost segment, for which the assessment and management tools need to be developed. We conclude that, in 2000, osteoporosis continued to be a heavy burden on the Swiss healthcare system. Lack of awareness of the disease and its consequences prevents widespread use of drugs with anti-fracture efficacy. This limits their potential to reduce costs.

Social support, health status and health services utilization among the noninstitutionalized elderly: An analysis of the Supplement on Aging to the 1984 national health interview survey

The association between Social Support, Health Status, and Health Services Utilization of the elderly, was explored based on the analysis of data from the Supplement on Aging to the National Health Interview Survey, 1984 (N = 11,497) using a modified framework of Aday and Andersen's Expanded Behavioral Model. The results suggested that Social Support as operationalized in this study was an independent determinant of the use of health services. The quantity of social activities and the use of community services were the two most consistent determinants across different types of health services use.^ The effects of social support on the use of health services were broken down into three components to facilitate explanations of the mechanisms through which social support operated. The Predisposing and Enabling component of Social Support had independent, although not uniform, effects on the use of health services. Only slight substitute effects of social support were detected. These included the substitution of the use of senior centers for longer stay in the hospital and the substitution of help with IADL problems for the use of formal home care services.^ The effect of financial support on the use of health services was found to be different for middle and low income populations. This differential effect was also found for the presence of intimate networks, the frequencies of interaction with children and the perceived availability of support among urban/rural, male/female and white/non-white subgroups.^ The study also suggested that the selection of appropriate Health Status measures should be based on the type of Health Services Utilization in which a researcher is interested. The level of physical function limitation and role activity limitation were the two most consistent predictors of the volume of physician visits, number of hospital days, and average length of stay in the hospital during the past year.^ Some alternative hypotheses were also raised and evaluated, when possible. The impacts of the complex sample design, the reliability and validity of the measures and other limitations of this analysis were also discussed. Finally, a revised framework was proposed and discussed based on the analysis. Some policy implications and suggestions for future study were also presented. ^

A comparison of techniques for forecasting utilization of Veterans Affairs hospitals

This study demonstrated that accurate, short-term forecasts of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital utilization can be made using the Patient Treatment File (PTF), the inpatient discharge database of the VA. Accurate, short-term forecasts of two years or less can reduce required inventory levels, improve allocation of resources, and are essential for better financial management. These are all necessary achievements in an era of cost-containment.^ Six years of non-psychiatric discharge records were extracted from the PTF and used to calculate four indicators of VA hospital utilization: average length of stay, discharge rate, multi-stay rate (a measure of readmissions) and days of care provided. National and regional levels of these indicators were described and compared for fiscal year 1984 (FY84) to FY89 inclusive.^ Using the observed levels of utilization for the 48 months between FY84 and FY87, five techniques were used to forecast monthly levels of utilization for FY88 and FY89. Forecasts were compared to the observed levels of utilization for these years. Monthly forecasts were also produced for FY90 and FY91.^ Forecasts for days of care provided were not produced. Current inpatients with very long lengths of stay contribute a substantial amount of this indicator and it cannot be accurately calculated.^ During the six year period between FY84 and FY89, average length of stay declined substantially, nationally and regionally. The discharge rate was relatively stable, while the multi-stay rate increased slightly during this period. FY90 and FY91 forecasts show a continued decline in the average length of stay, while the discharge rate is forecast to decline slightly and the multi-stay rate is forecast to increase very slightly.^ Over a 24 month ahead period, all three indicators were forecast within a 10 percent average monthly error. The 12-month ahead forecast errors were slightly lower. Average length of stay was less easily forecast, while the multi-stay rate was the easiest indicator to forecast.^ No single technique performed significantly better as determined by the Mean Absolute Percent Error, a standard measure of error. However, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models performed well overall and are recommended for short-term forecasting of VA hospital utilization. ^

State rate -setting in conjunction with Medicare prospective payment: The effects of the Maine program

Maine implemented a hospital rate-setting program in 1984 at approximately the same time as Medicare started the Prospective Payment System (PPS). This study examines the effectiveness of the program in controlling cost over the period 1984-1989. Hospital costs in Maine are compared to costs in 36 non rate-setting states and 11 other rate-setting states. Changes in cost per equivalent admission, adjusted patient day, per capita, admissions, and length of stay are described and analyzed using multivariate techniques. A number of supply and demand variables which were expected to influence costs independently of rate-setting were controlled for in the study. Results indicate the program was effective in containing costs measured in terms of cost per adjusted patient day. However, this was not true for the other two cost variables. The average length of stay increased during the period in Maine hospitals indicating an association with rate-setting. Several supply variables, especially the number of beds per 1,000 population were strongly associated with the cost and use of hospitals. ^

Análisis de la mortalidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Central de Mendoza, Argentina

Objetivo: Analizar la mortalidad en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital Central de Mendoza y evaluar el valor predictivo de la escala APACHE II (Evaluación Fisiológica Aguda y de Salud Crónica). Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y observacional de los pacientes ingresados a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Central de Mendoza, desde el 01/11/06 hasta el 31/03/08. Se calculó la distribución de sexos y de edades de la muestra, la estadía promedio, principales motivos de ingreso a la UCI y la puntuación APACHE II en las primeras 24 horas de internación. Se calculó la mortalidad esperada y la mortalidad obtenida global y se analizó el coeficiente entre ambas mortalidades. Resultados: Se incluyeron 904 pacientes, 61,82% masculinos y 38,18% femeninos, con una edad media 46 años (±19,36). Estadía promedio en la UCI 8,5 días promedio. El principal motivo de internación fueron los Traumatismos Encéfalocraneanos (TEC) con un 27,7% del total (86% asociados a politraumatismo grave). La mortalidad global obtenida fue del 41,48% vs. 24,08% esperable, con un coeficiente de mortalidad de 1,72 (p<0,0001). Conclusiones: La UCI estudiada presenta por las características de la población asistida un elevado índice de mortalidad global. La mortalidad obtenida fue 72% mayor a la mortalidad esperable según la puntuación APACHE II, demostrando esta Escala un bajo valor predictivo en nuestra UCI. La diferencia entre mortalidades podría parcialmente explicarse por la alta prevalencia de entidades con mortalidades subvaloradas por este modelo pronóstico, como pacientes politraumatizados y neurocríticos. En nuestro estudio, la Escala APACHE II presentó una franca subestimación de la mortalidad en ambas patologías. Sugerimos la realización de un estudio de regresión logística local para determinar un factor de corrección y/o adicionar puntos al valor APACHE II según el diagnóstico de ingreso del paciente. Asimismo, proponemos evaluar el empleo de medidas alternativas para predecir mortalidad, como sistemas de tercera generación (por ejemplo: APACHE III, MPM II y SAPS II).

Empiric management of community-acquired pneumonia in Australian emergency departments

Objective: To describe empiric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) management in Australian hospital emergency departments (EDs) and evaluate this against national guidelines, including use of the pneumonia severity index and antibiotic selection. Design: A multicentre, cross-sectional, retrospective audit, April 2003 to February 2005. Setting: 37 Australian hospitals: 22 principal referral hospitals, six large major city hospitals, four large regional hospitals, four medium hospitals and one private hospital. Participants: Adult patients with a diagnosis of CAP made in the ED. Data on 20 consecutive CAP ED presentations were collected in participating hospitals. Outcome measures: Documented use of the pneumonia severity index, initial antibiotic therapy prescribed in the ED, average length of stay, inpatient mortality, and concordance with national guidelines. Results: 691 CAP presentations were included. Pneumonia severity index use was documented in 5% of cases. Antibiotic therapy covering common bacterial causes of CAP was prescribed in 67% of presentations, although overall concordance with national guidelines was 18%. Antibiotic prescribing was discordant due to inadequate empiric antimicrobial cover, allergy status (including contraindication to penicillin), inappropriate route of administration and/or inappropriate antibiotic choice according to recommendations. There was no significant difference between concordant and discordant antibiotic prescribing episodes in average length of stay (5.0 v 5.7 days; P=0.22) or inpatient mortality (1.6% v 4.1%; chi(2) = 1.82; P=0.18). Conclusions: Antibiotic therapy for CAP prescribed in Australian EDs varied. Concordance with national CAP guidelines was generally low. Targeted interventions are required to improve concordance.

The costs of caring for patients in a tertiary referral Australian intensive care unit

We determined the direct cost of an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) bed in a tertiary referral Australian ICU and the cost drivers thereof, by retrospectively analysing a number of prospectively designed Hospital- and Unit-specific electronic databases. The study period was a financial year, from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2003. There were 1615 patients occupying 5692 fractional occupied bed days at a total cost of A$15,915,964, with an average length of stay of 3.69 days (range 0.5-77, median 1.06, interquartile range 2.33). The main cost driver not incorporated into this analysis was blood products (paid for centrally). The average costs of an ICU day and total stay per patient were A$2670 and A$9852 respectively. Staff-related charges were 68.76%, with consumables related expenditure making up 19.65%, clinical support services 9.55% and capital equipment 2.04%. Overtime charges and nursing agency staff were 19.4% of staff-related charges (2.9% for agency staff), 3.9% lower than expenditure associated with full-time employment charges, such as pension and leave. The emergency nature of ICU means it is difficult to accurately set a nursing establishment to cater for all admissions and therefore it is hard to decide what is an acceptable percentage difference between agency/overtime costs compared with the costs associated with full-time staff appointments. Consumable expenditure is likely to increase the most with new innovation and therapies. Using protocol driven practices may tighten and control costs incurred in ICU.

Volume hospitalar e outcomes : uma análise a dados administrativos portugueses

RESUMO - Objetivos: Estudos anteriores demonstraram a existência de uma relação inversa entre melhores outcomes e volume hospitalar. Tendo este fenómeno em consideração, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar esta relação a um nível populacional em Portugal. Métodos: Análise da base de dados Portuguesa dos GDH relativos ao ano financeiro de 2009. Todas as STA e STJ foram contabilizadas e critérios de exclusão determinados, para selecionar duas amostras homogéneas, analisadas por volume hospitalar. O volume hospitalar foi definido em três grupos: HVB, HVM, HVE de acordo com o volume anual de procedimentos efetuado por cada hospital individual durante o período do estudo. Os outcomes avaliados incluíram a mortalidade, presença de pelo menos uma complicação cirúrgica, estadia prolongada assim como a média de dias de internamento. A idade e sexo foram controlados como possíveis fatores de confundimento. Resultados: A investigação principal consistiu na análise de 4615 STA e 5904 STJ. Os resultados indicam que os eventos adversos (mortalidade e complicações cirúrgicas) são pouco comuns nestes procedimentos, produzindo resultados sem significância estatística. A estadia prolongada estabeleceu uma clara e significativa relação inversa com o volume hospitalar. A estadia prolongada foi superior em hospitais de volume baixo (STA OR 2.71; STJ OR 2.17) e hospitais de volume médio (STA OR 1.72; STJ OR 1.73) quando comparados com hospitais de volume elevado. Os dias de internamento médios produziram uma associação semelhante, sendo possível estimar quase oito milhões e meio de euros de custos evitáveis no ano de 2009, em ambos os procedimentos. Conclusões: O volume hospitalar não apresentou relações significativas com a mortalidade e complicações cirúrgicas, devido ao baixo número de eventos adversos registados. Verificou-se, no entanto, uma associação significativa com os dias de internamento e estadia prolongada. As STA e STJ realizadas em hospitais de volume elevado poderão reduzir custos, ao diminuir os dias de internamento.

Ajustamento pelo risco : da conceptualização à operacionalização

RESUMO - As organizações de saúde, em geral, e os hospitais, em particular, são frequentemente reconhecidos por terem particularidades e especificidades que conferem uma especial complexidade ao seu processo produtivo e à sua gestão (Jacobs, 1974; Butler, 1995). Neste sentido, na literatura hospitalar emergem alguns temas como prioritários tanto na investigação como na avaliação do seu funcionamento, nomeadamente os relacionados com a produção, com o financiamento, com a qualidade, com a eficiência e com a avaliação do seu desempenho. O estado da arte da avaliação do desempenho das organizações de saúde parece seguir a trilogia definida por Donabedian (1985) — Estrutura, Processo e Resultados. Existem diversas perspectivas para a avaliação do desempenho na óptica dos Resultados — efectividade, eficiência ou desempenho financeiro. No entanto, qualquer que seja a utilizada, o ajustamento pelo risco é necessário para se avaliar a actividade das organizações de saúde, como forma de medir as características dos doentes que podem influenciar os resultados de saúde. Como possíveis indicadores de resultados, existem a mortalidade (resultados finais), as complicações e as readmissões (resultados intermédios). Com excepção dos estudos realizados por Thomas (1996) e Thomas e Hofer (1998 e 1999), praticamente ninguém contesta a relação entre estes indicadores e a efectividade dos cuidados. Chamando, no entanto, a atenção para a necessidade de se definirem modelos de ajustamento pelo risco e ainda para algumas dificuldades conceptuais e operacionais para se atingir este objectivo. Em relação à eficiência técnica dos hospitais, os indicadores tradicionalmente mais utilizados para a sua avaliação são os custos médios e a demora média. Também neste domínio, a grande maioria dos estudos aponta para que a gravidade aumenta o poder justificativo do consumo de recursos e que o ajustamento pelo risco é útil para avaliar a eficiência dos hospitais. Em relação aos sistemas usados para medir a severidade e, consequentemente, ajustar pelo risco, o seu desenvolvimento apresenta, na generalidade, dois tipos de preocupações: a definição dos suportes de recolha da informação e a definição dos momentos de medição. Em última instância, o dilema que se coloca reside na definição de prioridades e daquilo que se pretende sacrificar. Quando se entende que os aspectos financeiros são determinantes, então será natural que se privilegie o recurso quase exclusivo a elementos dos resumos de alta como suporte de recolha da informação. Quando se defende que a validade de construção e de conteúdo é um aspecto a preservar, então o recurso aos elementos dos processos clínicos é inevitável. A definição dos momentos de medição dos dados tem repercussões em dois níveis de análise: na neutralidade económica do sistema e na prospectividade do sistema. O impacto destas questões na avaliação da efectividade e da eficiência dos hospitais não é uma questão pacífica, visto que existem autores que defendem a utilização de modelos baseados nos resumos de alta, enquanto outros defendem a supremacia dos modelos baseados nos dados dos processos clínicos, para finalmente outros argumentarem que a utilização de uns ou outros é indiferente, pelo que o processo de escolha deve obedecer a critérios mais pragmáticos, como a sua exequibilidade e os respectivos custos de implementação e de exploração. Em relação às possibilidades que neste momento se colocam em Portugal para a utilização e aplicação de sistemas de ajustamento pelo risco, verifica-se que é praticamente impossível a curto prazo aplicar modelos com base em dados clínicos. Esta opção não deve impedir que a médio prazo se altere o sistema de informação dos hospitais, de forma a considerar a eventualidade de se utilizarem estes modelos. Existem diversos problemas quando se pretendem aplicar sistemas de ajustamento de risco a populações diferentes ou a subgrupos distintos das populações donde o sistema foi originalmente construído, existindo a necessidade de verificar o ajustamento do modelo à população em questão, em função da sua calibração e discriminação.

Health at a glance: Europe 2012.

This second edition of Health at a Glance: Europe presents a set of key indicators of health and health systems in 35 European countries, including the 27 European Union member states, 5 candidate countries and 3 EFTA countries. The selection of indicators is based largely on the European Community Health Indicators (ECHI) shortlist, a list of indicators that has been developed by the European Commission to guide the development and reporting of health statistics. It is complemented by additional indicators on health expenditure and quality of care, building on the OECD expertise in these areas. Contents: Introduction 12 Chapter 1. Health status 15 1.1. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy at birth 1.2. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy at age 65 1.3. Mortality from all causes 1.4. Mortality from heart disease and stroke 1.5. Mortality from cancer 1.6. Mortality from transport accidents 1.7. Suicide 1.8. Infant mortality 1.9. Infant health: Low birth weight 1.10. Self-reported health and disability 1.11. Incidence of selected communicable diseases 1.12. HIV/AIDS 1.13. Cancer incidence 1.14. Diabetes prevalence and incidence 1.15. Dementia prevalence 1.16. Asthma and COPD prevalence Chapter 2. Determinants of health 49 2.1. Smoking and alcohol consumption among children 2.2. Overweight and obesity among children 2.3. Fruit and vegetable consumption among children 2.4. Physical activity among children 2.5. Smoking among adults 2.6. Alcohol consumption among adults 2.7. Overweight and obesity among adults 2.8. Fruit and vegetable consumption among adults Chapter 3. Health care resources and activities 67 3.1. Medical doctors 3.2. Consultations with doctors 3.3. Nurses 3.4. Medical technologies: CT scanners and MRI units 3.5. Hospital beds 3.6. Hospital discharges 3.7. Average length of stay in hospitals 3.8. Cardiac procedures (coronary angioplasty) 3.9. Cataract surgeries 3.10. Hip and knee replacement 3.11. Pharmaceutical consumption 3.12. Unmet health care needs Chapter 4. Quality of care 93 Care for chronic conditions 4.1. Avoidable admissions: Respiratory diseases 4.2. Avoidable admissions: Uncontrolled diabetes Acute care 4.3. In-hospital mortality following acute myocardial infarction 4.4. In-hospital mortality following stroke Patient safety 4.5. Procedural or postoperative complications 4.6. Obstetric trauma Cancer care 4.7. Screening, survival and mortality for cervical cancer 4.8. Screening, survival and mortality for breast cancer 4.9. Screening, survival and mortality for colorectal cancer Care for communicable diseases 4.10. Childhood vaccination programmes 4.11. Influenza vaccination for older people Chapter 5. Health expenditure and financing 117 5.1. Coverage for health care 5.2. Health expenditure per capita 5.3. Health expenditure in relation to GDP 5.4. Health expenditure by function. 5.5. Pharmaceutical expenditure 5.6. Financing of health care 5.7. Trade in health services Bibliography 133 Annex A. Additional information on demographic and economic context 143 Most European countries have reduced tobacco consumption via public awareness campaigns, advertising bans and increased taxation. The percentage of adults who smoke daily is below 15% in Sweden and Iceland, from over 30% in 1980. At the other end of the scale, over 30% of adults in Greece smoke daily. Smoking rates continue to be high in Bulgaria, Ireland and Latvia (Figure 2.5.1). Alcohol consumption has also fallen in many European countries. Curbs on advertising, sales restrictions and taxation have all proven to be effective measures. Traditional wine-producing countries, such as France, Italy and Spain, have seen consumption per capita fall substantially since 1980. Alcohol consumption per adult rose significantly in a number of countries, including Cyprus, Finland and Ireland (Figure 2.6.1).This resource was contributed by The National Documentation Centre on Drug Use.

Principaux résultats de l'étude suisse sur les DRG (étude Casemix). [Main results of the Swiss study on DRGs (Casemix Study)].

Sponsored by the Health Administrations of nine cantons, this study was conducted by the University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine in Lausanne in order to assess how DRGs could be used within the Swiss context. A data base mainly provided by the Swiss VESKA statistics was used. The first step provided the transformation of Swiss diagnostic and intervention codes into US codes, allowing direct use of the Yale Grouper for DRG. The second step showed that the overall performance of DRG in terms of variability reduction of the length of stay was similar to the one observed in US; there are, however, problems when the homogeneity of medicotechnical procedures for DRG is considered. The third steps showed how DRG could be used as an account unit in hospital, and how costs per DRG could be estimated. Other examples of applications of DRG were examined, for example comparison of Casemix or length of stay between hospitals.

Prevalencia de delirium en población adulta en cuidado intensivo.

Introducción: El delirium es un trastorno de conciencia de inicio agudo asociado a confusión o disfunción cognitiva, se puede presentar hasta en 42% de pacientes, de los cuales hasta el 80% ocurren en UCI. El delirium aumenta la estancia hospitalaria, el tiempo de ventilación mecánica y la morbimortalidad. Se pretendió evaluar la prevalencia de periodo de delirium en adultos que ingresaron a la UCI en un hospital de cuarto nivel durante 2012 y los factores asociados a su desarrollo. Metodología Se realizó un estudio transversal con corte analítico, se incluyeron pacientes hospitalizados en UCI médica y UCI quirúrgica. Se aplicó la escala de CAM-ICU y el Examen Mínimo del Estado Mental para evaluar el estado mental. Las asociaciones significativas se ajustaron con análisis multivariado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 110 pacientes, el promedio de estancia fue 5 días; la prevalencia de periodo de delirium fue de 19.9%, la mediana de edad fue 64.5 años. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el delirium y la alteración cognitiva de base, depresión, administración de anticolinérgicos y sepsis (p< 0,05). Discusión Hasta la fecha este es el primer estudio en la institución. La asociación entre delirium en la UCI y sepsis, uso de anticolinérgicos, y alteración cognitiva de base son consistentes y comparables con factores de riesgo descritos en la literatura mundial.