Consciencialização dos operadores turísticos para a consulta do viajante

Partindo de uma hipótese que se veio a demonstrar válida, de que os Operadores Turísticos em Portugal têm muito pouca informação sobre a consulta do viajante e o seu papel em responsabilidade na promoção da saúde dos seus clientes, apresenta-se neste trabalho não só uma análise da situação anteriormente referida como uma estratégia de comunicação visando consciencializar os Operadores Turísticos para a necessidade de fomentarem a adesão dos seus clientes à consulta do viajante. Dois temas emergem como centrais, nomeadamente a questão do turismo na nossa contemporaneidade e a saúde dos que viajem essencialmente para fora da Europa em turismo. Transversal a todo o trabalho encontra-se a noção de comunicação e saúde, especialmente na sua vertente de comunicação para a saúde. Defende-se que a comunicação para a saúde pode ser pensada como um fator competitivo para os Operadores Turísticos e apresenta-se uma estratégia de comunicação subordinada ao título: “Projeto de Consciencialização dos Operadores para a Consulta do Viajante”. Na primeira parte apresenta-se uma revisão da literatura e de outras fontes sobre os temas: Turismo, Consulta do Viajante e Comunicação para a Saúde, e na segunda parte o projeto que já referi. Partindo da hipótese inicialmente formulada, para uma análise completa da situação utilizaram-se metodologias de análise qualitativa e quantitativa junto dos principais públicos envolvidos a saber os Operadores Turísticos.

Comunicação na saúde: a consulta do viajante no IHMT

O presente trabalho, é um Relatório de Estágio onde se descrevem as actividades desenvolvidas ao longo do Estágio Curricular realizado no Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT) no período de 5 de Novembro de 2012 a 8 de Março de 2013. Pretendeu-se aliar o estudo da teoria ao desenvolvimento de algumas acções de comunicação que colmatassem falhas detectadas durante a auditoria à comunicação. O Relatório de Estágio, aqui apresentado, divide-se em duas secções: a investigação e o desenvolvimento dos instrumentos de comunicação. Estas duas secções encontram-se intimamente ligadas pois, a investigação efectuada teve como principal objectivo a obtenção de dados que permitissem caracterizar o público da Consulta do Viajante do IHMT de modo a que fosse possível a alteração e/ou criação de suportes de comunicação adaptados às características – escolares, sociais, demográficas, profissionais, etc. – desse público. Desta forma, e após pesquisa bibliográfica sobre temas pertinentes para o trabalho como Medicina do Viajante, Comunicação em e para a Saúde, Metodologias de Investigação, entre outras tidas como necessárias, foi realizada uma investigação por questionário aos utentes do IHMT que permitiu o desenvolvimento do trabalho final de estágio. A investigação e consequente desenvolvimento dos suportes de comunicação são apresentados neste relatório que se pretende reflexivo sobre as práticas desenvolvidas.

La pertinence et les enjeux éthiques d'interventions de santé publique envers l'infertilité et l'âge maternel avancé

Des études récentes ont démontré une augmentation de la prévalence de l’infertilité au Canada ainsi qu’une augmentation fulgurante de l’utilisation de la procréation assistée. Le Québec s’est doté en 2010 d’un programme de financement de la procréation assistée visant un accès universel ainsi que la protection de la santé des mères et des enfants. Les diverses parties prenantes attribuent un certain nombre de lacunes à ce programme, incluant l’absence de mesures de prévention et de promotion de la santé visant à réduire la prévalence de l’infertilité. En effet, une proportion significative de cas d’infertilité découle de facteurs modifiables et relatifs aux modes de vie tels que le tabagisme, les infections transmises sexuellement et par le sang, les problèmes de poids, les toxines environnementales et l’âge. De plus, l’âge maternel avancé ainsi que l’usage de la procréation assistée comportent des risques pour la santé des mères et des enfants au sujet desquels la population ne possède pas une connaissance suffisante. Des approches en amont ont été proposées par diverses organisations et dans divers pays, toutefois, peu ont été adoptées. Force est de constater que ces initiatives représentent de grands défis au point de vue de l’acceptabilité sociale, en raison de la nature sensible du sujet et d’une grande valorisation sociale de l’autonomie reproductive. L’éthique des communications en santé permet d’identifier ces défis qui touchent l’usage de tactiques persuasives, le risque de stigmatisation et l’attribution indue d’une responsabilité. Si leur élaboration tient compte de ces enjeux, les campagnes de communications en santé ont le potentiel d’informer adéquatement la population afin de favoriser l’autonomie et la santé reproductive des individus, sans causer de dommage iatrogénique. L’éthique de l’ « empowerment », qui requiert l’attribution d’une responsabilité individuelle de nature prospective, l’apport de ressources concrètes et l’implication des communautés, permet d’identifier les besoins en termes de solutions législatives favorisant des contextes socioéconomiques qui soutiennent la santé reproductive et l’autonomie reproductive.

'They would never receive you without a husband' : Paradoxical barriers to antenatal care scale-up in Rwanda

OBJECTIVE: to explore perspectives and experiences of antenatal care and partner involvement among women who nearly died during pregnancy ('near-miss'). DESIGN: a study guided by naturalistic inquiry was conducted, and included extended in-community participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Qualitative data were collected between March 2013 and April 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda. FINDINGS: all informants were aware of the recommendations of male involvement for HIV-testing at the first antenatal care visit. However, this recommendation was seen as a clear link in the chain of delays and led to severe consequences, especially for women without engaged partners. The overall quality of antenatal services was experienced as suboptimal, potentially missing the opportunity to provide preventive measures and essential health education intended for both parents. This seemed to contribute to women's disincentive to complete all four recommended visits and men's interest in attending to ensure their partners' reception of care. However, the participants experienced a restriction of men's access during subsequent antenatal visits, which made men feel denied to their increased involvement during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: 'near-miss' women and their partners face paradoxical barriers to actualise the recommended antenatal care visits. The well-intended initiative of male partner involvement counterproductively causes delays or excludes women whereas supportive men are turned away from further health consultations. Currently, the suboptimal quality of antenatal care misses the opportunity to provide health education for the expectant couple or to identify and address early signs of complications IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: these findings suggest a need for increased flexibility in the antenatal care recommendations to encourage women to attend care with or without their partner, and to create open health communication about women's and men's real needs within the context of their social situations. Supportive partners should not be denied involvement at any stage of pregnancy, but should be received only upon consent of the expectant mother.

Classification of main meal patterns - a latent class approach

Relatively little examination of the meals that are prepared in households has been conducted, despite their well-defined properties and widespread community interest in their preparation. The purpose of the present study was to identify the patterns of main meal preparation among Australian adult household meal preparers aged 44 years and younger and 45 years and over, and the relationships between these patterns and likely socio-demographic and psychological predictors. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted by Meat and Livestock Australia among a representative sample of people aged 18–65 years in Australia in 2011. A total of 1076 usable questionnaires were obtained, which included categorical information about the main meal dishes that participants had prepared during the previous 6 months along with demographic information, the presence or absence of children at home, confidence in seasonal food knowledge and personal values. Latent class analysis was applied and four types of usage patterns of thirty-three popular dishes were identified for both age groups, namely, high variety, moderate variety, high protein but low beef and low variety. The meal patterns were associated differentially with the covariates between the age groups. For example, younger women were more likely to prepare a high or moderate variety of meals than younger men, while younger people who had higher levels of education were more likely to prepare high-protein but low-beef meals. Moreover, young respondents with higher BMI were less likely to prepare meals with high protein but low beef content. Among the older age group, married people were more likely to prepare a high or moderate variety of meals than people without partners. Older people who held strong universalist values were more likely to prepare a wide variety of meals with high protein but low beef content. For both age groups, people who had children living at home and those with better seasonal food knowledge were more likely to prepare a high variety of dishes. The identification of classes of meal users would enable health communication to be tailored to improve meal patterns. Moreover, the concept of meals may be useful for health promotion, because people may find it easier to change their consumption of meals rather than individual foods.

Comunicação, Saúde e Pluralidade: novos olhares e abordagens em pauta

Propomos um passeio acadêmico por 11 textos de pesquisadores afinados com a temática Health Communication na versão brasileira, mostrando a riqueza de assuntos, metodologias e enfoques que os estudos dessa área permitem na academia. Trata-se de uma visão multidisciplinar, às vezes com a Comunicação no foco principal, por outras a Saúde no estetoscópio dos pesquisadores.

Relações interpessoais no ambiente de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem: uma ação comunicativa

The current study strives to address the interpersonal relationships of the nursing team from the perspective of the communicative action, by contributing to the health work process. It aims to analyze the interpersonal relationships of the nursing team in its work environment. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data collection wal held from interviews, guided by a script with open questions. The study was conducted at a state hospital in the city of Natal/RN/Brazil. The research subjects were the workers of the nursing team, including nurses, nursing technicians and nursing assistants, totaling 16 subjects. The capture of information was performed in April 2012. The project was approved by the Ethics Research Committee, under CEP/UFRN protocol n. º 262/11 and Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Consideration n. º 0289.0.051.000-11. The analysis was performed from the categories that emerged from the research through a dialogue with the authors studied in the theoretical framework of the Theory of communicative action , by Jürgen Habermas, as well as The changing in the world of work, by Ricardo Antunes, and Characterization of the team , by Marina Peduzzi. The outocomes point out that the interpersonal relationship of the nursing team is very troubled, with no interaction among the individuals involved in this process, among themselves and with other health professionals. We have developed a particular concept about team, which is comprised of three essential elements: multiplicity of individuals, common objective and heterogeneity. In the studied environment, it was realized the existence of grouping teams. The interpersonal relationship of the nursing can be a facilitator or an obstacle in the workplace in such a way that causes positive or negative consequences, both to the health workers, and to the sicks. In this context, the interviewees have intensified their viewpoints with regard to the weaknesses that permeate the nursing relationship, by pointing them more frequently than the strengths. The work conditions have signaled a failing situation, which is evidenced by the constant improvisation process before the lack of human and material resources, low wages, deficit in recognizing the nursing worker, and physical and emotional wear, by creating a professional exhaustion. The devaluation of the worker also became a strong factor for this study, because it was characterized a reason of job dissatisfaction, due to the lack of valuation policies, which should be prepared by the institution or, even, they are unknown by the worker itself. The worker participation in the design of these policies has emerged as a relevant factor. The poor work conditions lead the worker to a process of professional demotivation and dissatisfaction, by causing the feeling of devaluation within its work environment. Hence, it was found in this research that the lack of communication leads to situations of inadequate interpersonal relationships, which are creators of an unsuitable environment for the performance of the nursing team

Saúde, comunicação e nanotecnologia: o papel do debate público para a expansão da cidadania

Amongst thematic networks, strategic laboratories and master and doctorate scholarships awarded by the National Program of Nanotechnology, an actor of great relevance can be distinguished due to its relative absence: the lay people, once more relegated to a secondary agent in Brazilian democracy, although citizens’ views have been increasingly recognized all over the world as an indispensable factor to the science and technology public policies which are intended to be democratic. Whereas Europe and United States have incorporated public values and feelings in the policy planning, Brazil is still waiting for opportunities of public participation in the definition of research guidelines. This paper examines contemporaneous demands of science communication to the strengthening of citizenship, aiming to offer contributions to a debate directed to question the present arrangement — of antidemocratic indifference towards the public — adopted in the formulation of public policies in Brazil.

A Internet na comunicação em saúde: construindo um site baseado na interatividade.

The paper presents three steps of a study about the Internet use in health communication. The first refers to the potentials and limitations of the web for health initiatives in general. The second provides an assessment of health sites in Brazil dedicated to people who want to quit smoking, performed using a standardized form, indicating strengths and weaknesses of existing sites. The last part of the text, based on these data, concerns the application of a model in stages on the internet, to support smokers who want to quit smoking.

Material educativo para familiares de recém-nascidos em terapia intensiva neonatal: percepção dos pais e equipe de saúde

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem - FMB

Estratégias de países sul-americanos na formação de recursos humanos para resposta ás emergências de saúde pública: exemplo dos programas de treinamento em epidemiologia de campo

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Contesting Sphere Boundaries Online: Private/Technical/Public Discourses in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Discussion Groups

The internet is fast becoming a means for people to obtain information, creating a unique forum for the intersection of the public, technical, and private spheres. To ground my research theoretically, I used Jürgen Habermas’s sphere theory. Habermas (1987) explains that the technical sphere colonizes the private sphere, which decreases democratic potential. In particular, the internet is a place for altering technical colonization of the private and public spheres. My research focuses on women’s health because it is a particularly useful case study for examining sphere tensions. Historically, the biomedical health establishment has been a powerful agent of colonization, resulting in detrimental effects for women and their health. The purpose of this study is to examine how the internet encourages expert and female patient deliberation, which empowers women to challenge the experts and, thus, make conversations between the private/technical spheres more democratic. I used PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) as a case to observe the changing sphere boundaries by studying the discourse that took place on multiple patient and doctor websites over a four-year period. Through my research, I found that the PCOS women challenge the biomedical model by appropriating medical language. By understanding the medical talk, the women are able to feel confident when discussing their health conditions with the doctor and with each other. The PCOS women also become lay-experts who have personal and medical experience with PCOS, reducing private sphere colonization. This case study exemplifies how female empowerment can influence expert culture, challenging our conventional understanding of democracy.

Estratégias de países sul-americanos na formação de recursos humanos para resposta ás emergências de saúde pública: exemplo dos programas de treinamento em epidemiologia de campo

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Dificuldades na comunicação entre pessoas com deficiência auditiva e profissionais de saúde: uma questão de saúde pública

OBJETIVO: Descrever a ocorrência de relatos de pessoas com deficiência auditiva e múltipla (auditiva e visual e/ou mobilidade) quanto às dificuldades para ouvir e entender profissionais de saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, do tipo inquérito de saúde, realizado com sujeitos selecionados a partir de outros dois estudos de base populacional. A coleta dos dados ocorreu de forma domiciliar, por meio de entrevistas realizadas por entrevistadores treinados, em São Paulo e região. Foram coletadas informações sobre a dificuldade de ouvir e entender o que os profissionais de saúde disseram no último serviço de saúde usado, além de dados demográficos (idade, gênero e raça), econômicos (renda do chefe da família), tipo de serviço de saúde procurado, uso de plano privado de saúde e necessidade de auxílio para ir ao serviço de saúde. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 35% relataram problemas para ouvir e entender os profissionais de saúde no último serviço visitado; 30,6% (IC95%: 23,4-37,8) para entender os médicos; 18,1% (IC95%: 12,0-24,1) para entender as enfermeiras; e 21,2% (IC95%: 14,8-27,6) para entender os outros funcionários. Não houve diferenças quando se considerou as variáveis demográficas, a necessidade de auxílio para tomar banho e se vestir, comer, levantar-se e/ou andar, possuir ou não plano privado de saúde e tipo de serviço de saúde visitado. CONCLUSÃO: Do total de pessoas entrevistadas, 35% relataram problemas para ouvir e entender o que foi dito por profissionais de saúde. Do total que relatou alguma dificuldade, 34,74% tinham deficiência auditiva e 35,38% deficiência múltipla.