434 resultados para Grön, Eino


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Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia de Materiais, especialidade de Materiais Poliméricos, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Biologia de Plantas.

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Licht auf humane in vitro-Zellkulturen beschrieben. Zunächst wird das Licht technisch erläutert und das Farbspektrum des Lichts betrachtet. Das natürliche Farbspektrum der Sonne ändert sich über den Tag, des Weiteren werden die Farben des Lichts in der Wissenschaft in verschiedenen Bereichen verwendet. Der Mensch hat einen geregelten Tagesablauf, der mit dem Tagesverlauf der Sonne parallel abläuft. Durch verschiedene Einflüsse kann diese Parallelität gestört werden. Für die Untersuchungen zum Einfluss des Lichts werden in vitro Modellsysteme verwendet, insbesondere Keratinozyten, die genauer beschrieben werden. Außerdem werden für die Untersuchungen organische Leuchtdioden (kurz: OLED) verwendet. Es wird eine Auswahl an Versuchs-OLEDs getroffen, welche für erste Versuche verwendet werden. In dieser Arbeit sollen erste Erkenntnisse über die Auswirkungen von Licht auf humane Zellen ermittelt werden, um aus der großen Auswahl von OLEDs Farbspektren zur genaueren Betrachtung herauszuziehen und später eine Anwendung in der Medizin zu ermöglichen. Hierzu werden das Wachstum und der Stoffwechselumsatz der Zellen betrachtet. Die Zellen werden mit Hilfe eines Versuchsaufbaus aus einer vorangegangenen Praktikumsarbeit beleuchtet. Als Lichtspektrum wurden 5 Farben ausgewählt: blau, grün, orange, warmweiß und kaltweiß. Als weitere Parameter werden eine feste Beleuchtungszeit, sowie eine identische Leuchtdichte bei allen Farben festgelegt. Aus den Versuchen können erste Erkenntnisse gezogen werden, jedoch müssen diese durch weitere Versuche bestätigt bzw. genauer betrachtet werden.

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Abstract Sitting between your past and your future doesn't mean you are in the present. Dakota Skye Complex systems science is an interdisciplinary field grouping under the same umbrella dynamical phenomena from social, natural or mathematical sciences. The emergence of a higher order organization or behavior, transcending that expected of the linear addition of the parts, is a key factor shared by all these systems. Most complex systems can be modeled as networks that represent the interactions amongst the system's components. In addition to the actual nature of the part's interactions, the intrinsic topological structure of underlying network is believed to play a crucial role in the remarkable emergent behaviors exhibited by the systems. Moreover, the topology is also a key a factor to explain the extraordinary flexibility and resilience to perturbations when applied to transmission and diffusion phenomena. In this work, we study the effect of different network structures on the performance and on the fault tolerance of systems in two different contexts. In the first part, we study cellular automata, which are a simple paradigm for distributed computation. Cellular automata are made of basic Boolean computational units, the cells; relying on simple rules and information from- the surrounding cells to perform a global task. The limited visibility of the cells can be modeled as a network, where interactions amongst cells are governed by an underlying structure, usually a regular one. In order to increase the performance of cellular automata, we chose to change its topology. We applied computational principles inspired by Darwinian evolution, called evolutionary algorithms, to alter the system's topological structure starting from either a regular or a random one. The outcome is remarkable, as the resulting topologies find themselves sharing properties of both regular and random network, and display similitudes Watts-Strogtz's small-world network found in social systems. Moreover, the performance and tolerance to probabilistic faults of our small-world like cellular automata surpasses that of regular ones. In the second part, we use the context of biological genetic regulatory networks and, in particular, Kauffman's random Boolean networks model. In some ways, this model is close to cellular automata, although is not expected to perform any task. Instead, it simulates the time-evolution of genetic regulation within living organisms under strict conditions. The original model, though very attractive by it's simplicity, suffered from important shortcomings unveiled by the recent advances in genetics and biology. We propose to use these new discoveries to improve the original model. Firstly, we have used artificial topologies believed to be closer to that of gene regulatory networks. We have also studied actual biological organisms, and used parts of their genetic regulatory networks in our models. Secondly, we have addressed the improbable full synchronicity of the event taking place on. Boolean networks and proposed a more biologically plausible cascading scheme. Finally, we tackled the actual Boolean functions of the model, i.e. the specifics of how genes activate according to the activity of upstream genes, and presented a new update function that takes into account the actual promoting and repressing effects of one gene on another. Our improved models demonstrate the expected, biologically sound, behavior of previous GRN model, yet with superior resistance to perturbations. We believe they are one step closer to the biological reality.

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Puhe

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Eino Tunkelo

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Hannu Mustakallio

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Hannu Mustakallio

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Summary: Agricola's peculiar orientappurat ('Thorns')

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Referat: Fallet Waldburg : vad avslöjanden av en agent för den kejserliga ryska "ohranan" berättar om den hemliga polisen

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Vastine Osmo Nikkilän arvosteluun Suomen sanojen alkuperät laahaamisesta pööveliin // Virittäjä Vol. 101 (1997) : 2, s. 291-308