Inteligencia Territorial y Turismo : un diálogo hacia la definición de Lugares. Necesidades y expectativas. Estudios de casos en Argentina y Uruguay

Esta investigación se enmarca en un proyecto institucional más amplio, el GDRI INTI 'Groupe de Recherche International, International Network of Territorial Intelligence' CNRS 2011-2014, se desarrolla institucionalmente en el ámbito de la Red Latinoamericana Territorios Posibles, Equipo de Investigación TAG UNLP-CONICET con sede en IdIHCS. Uno de los objetivos propuestos en el marco de la red es aportar estrategias de co-construcción del territorio respetando las identidades, necesidades y expectativas de los lugareños (Bozzano, H; 2011) y contribuir al estado actual de debate en nuestra red latinoamericana TAG Territorios Posibles. Se reflexiona y analiza sobre acciones realizadas en el marco de 4 casos, donde existen proyectos multidisciplinarios, que aunque no poseen una dimensión de análisis exclusiva, ni territorial ni turística, nos permiten evaluar el proceso de desarrollo y maduración de proyectos en clave de Inteligencia Territorial. Fortaleciendo aquellos que articulen saberes de los actores y sujetos del territorio e incorporen diferentes dimensiones de la sustentabilidad, con el propósito de resolver gradualmente problemáticas concretas. Se trata de potenciar y desarrollar desde las propias comunidades micro acciones, micro logros y micro transformaciones en pos del desarrollo sustentable de los lugares turísticos seleccionados. El espacio turístico no es único, está integrado por múltiples formas territoriales acordes a las características previas del espacio incorporado y las condiciones de apropiación según los actores en presencia de capitales, ideologías, pautas culturales, etc. (Hiernaux, N; 2005) Las modalidades dominantes de la práctica turística se definen bajo reglas y/o lógicas de consumo del tiempo de ocio; en este se incluye la mercantilización de la naturaleza, por un lado, y estandarización, uniformización y homogenización de rasgos culturales, por otro. Bajo este paradigma la valorización de diferentes espacios por parte de los turistas y agentes productores del turismo tienden a reproducir atractivos, muchas veces desconectados de su historia e identidades (enclaves turísticos), características ambientales, en general desarticuladas de otras actividades económicas o en competencia directa con éstas. Asistimos hoy a una verdadera inflexión en la práctica turística (paradigma emergente). Algunos grupos de turistas se movilizan respetando la diversidad sociocultural y biológica (transición socio ecológica; Girardot; 2009). En un mismo sentido, los conocimientos y la información adquirida por los viajeros tienen una verdadera vocación global, mediados por la creación de nuevos imaginarios globales (Hiernaux; 1998; Prats; 1998; Canclini, 1998). Las nuevas prácticas turísticas se basan en el regreso al individuo, cuidado del cuerpo, búsqueda de emociones, ruptura de la rutinaria y excitación de los sentidos. En relación con esto se redefine en interacción constante la atractividad de los sitios turísticos donde se valorizan las identidades locales, surgen nuevos mitos del turismo, potencian la relación global-local y local-local. Los casos seleccionados atraviesan diferentes etapas de institucionalización y difieren en cuanto a escala, naturaleza, alcance y desarrollo son: en Argentina, La Plata (649.613 hab. -2010-; sup. 928 km2); Isla Paulino, Berisso (aproximadamente 30 hab; sup. 20 km2); Coronel Brandsen (26.352 hab. (2010), sup 1126.02 km2) y el otro en Uruguay, Lavalleja (60.925 hab. -2004-; sup. 10.016 km2)

Dynamic analysis of payloads and structures with intermediate modal density

La necesidad de desarrollar técnicas para predecir la respuesta vibroacústica de estructuras espaciales lia ido ganando importancia en los últimos años. Las técnicas numéricas existentes en la actualidad son capaces de predecir de forma fiable el comportamiento vibroacústico de sistemas con altas o bajas densidades modales. Sin embargo, ambos rangos no siempre solapan lo que hace que sea necesario el desarrollo de métodos específicos para este rango, conocido como densidad modal media. Es en este rango, conocido también como media frecuencia, donde se centra la presente Tesis doctoral, debido a la carencia de métodos específicos para el cálculo de la respuesta vibroacústica. Para las estructuras estudiadas en este trabajo, los mencionados rangos de baja y alta densidad modal se corresponden, en general, con los rangos de baja y alta frecuencia, respectivamente. Los métodos numéricos que permiten obtener la respuesta vibroacústica para estos rangos de frecuencia están bien especificados. Para el rango de baja frecuencia se emplean técnicas deterministas, como el método de los Elementos Finitos, mientras que, para el rango de alta frecuencia las técnicas estadísticas son más utilizadas, como el Análisis Estadístico de la Energía. En el rango de medias frecuencias ninguno de estos métodos numéricos puede ser usado con suficiente precisión y, como consecuencia -a falta de propuestas más específicas- se han desarrollado métodos híbridos que combinan el uso de métodos de baja y alta frecuencia, intentando que cada uno supla las deficiencias del otro en este rango medio. Este trabajo propone dos soluciones diferentes para resolver el problema de la media frecuencia. El primero de ellos, denominado SHFL (del inglés Subsystem based High Frequency Limit procedure), propone un procedimiento multihíbrido en el cuál cada subestructura del sistema completo se modela empleando una técnica numérica diferente, dependiendo del rango de frecuencias de estudio. Con este propósito se introduce el concepto de límite de alta frecuencia de una subestructura, que marca el límite a partir del cual dicha subestructura tiene una densidad modal lo suficientemente alta como para ser modelada utilizando Análisis Estadístico de la Energía. Si la frecuencia de análisis es menor que el límite de alta frecuencia de la subestructura, ésta se modela utilizando Elementos Finitos. Mediante este método, el rango de media frecuencia se puede definir de una forma precisa, estando comprendido entre el menor y el mayor de los límites de alta frecuencia de las subestructuras que componen el sistema completo. Los resultados obtenidos mediante la aplicación de este método evidencian una mejora en la continuidad de la respuesta vibroacústica, mostrando una transición suave entre los rangos de baja y alta frecuencia. El segundo método propuesto se denomina HS-CMS (del inglés Hybrid Substructuring method based on Component Mode Synthesis). Este método se basa en la clasificación de la base modal de las subestructuras en conjuntos de modos globales (que afectan a todo o a varias partes del sistema) o locales (que afectan a una única subestructura), utilizando un método de Síntesis Modal de Componentes. De este modo es posible situar espacialmente los modos del sistema completo y estudiar el comportamiento del mismo desde el punto de vista de las subestructuras. De nuevo se emplea el concepto de límite de alta frecuencia de una subestructura para realizar la clasificación global/local de los modos en la misma. Mediante dicha clasificación se derivan las ecuaciones globales del movimiento, gobernadas por los modos globales, y en las que la influencia del conjunto de modos locales se introduce mediante modificaciones en las mismas (en su matriz dinámica de rigidez y en el vector de fuerzas). Las ecuaciones locales se resuelven empleando Análisis Estadístico de Energías. Sin embargo, este último será un modelo híbrido, en el cual se introduce la potencia adicional aportada por la presencia de los modos globales. El método ha sido probado para el cálculo de la respuesta de estructuras sometidas tanto a cargas estructurales como acústicas. Ambos métodos han sido probados inicialmente en estructuras sencillas para establecer las bases e hipótesis de aplicación. Posteriormente, se han aplicado a estructuras espaciales, como satélites y reflectores de antenas, mostrando buenos resultados, como se concluye de la comparación de las simulaciones y los datos experimentales medidos en ensayos, tanto estructurales como acústicos. Este trabajo abre un amplio campo de investigación a partir del cual es posible obtener metodologías precisas y eficientes para reproducir el comportamiento vibroacústico de sistemas en el rango de la media frecuencia. ABSTRACT Over the last years an increasing need of novel prediction techniques for vibroacoustic analysis of space structures has arisen. Current numerical techniques arc able to predict with enough accuracy the vibro-acoustic behaviour of systems with low and high modal densities. However, space structures are, in general, very complex and they present a range of frequencies in which a mixed behaviour exist. In such cases, the full system is composed of some sub-structures which has low modal density, while others present high modal density. This frequency range is known as the mid-frequency range and to develop methods for accurately describe the vibro-acoustic response in this frequency range is the scope of this dissertation. For the structures under study, the aforementioned low and high modal densities correspond with the low and high frequency ranges, respectively. For the low frequency range, deterministic techniques as the Finite Element Method (FEM) are used while, for the high frequency range statistical techniques, as the Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA), arc considered as more appropriate. In the mid-frequency range, where a mixed vibro-acoustic behaviour is expected, any of these numerical method can not be used with enough confidence level. As a consequence, it is usual to obtain an undetermined gap between low and high frequencies in the vibro-acoustic response function. This dissertation proposes two different solutions to the mid-frequency range problem. The first one, named as The Subsystem based High Frequency Limit (SHFL) procedure, proposes a multi-hybrid procedure in which each sub-structure of the full system is modelled with the appropriate modelling technique, depending on the frequency of study. With this purpose, the concept of high frequency limit of a sub-structure is introduced, marking out the limit above which a substructure has enough modal density to be modelled by SEA. For a certain analysis frequency, if it is lower than the high frequency limit of the sub-structure, the sub-structure is modelled through FEM and, if the frequency of analysis is higher than the high frequency limit, the sub-structure is modelled by SEA. The procedure leads to a number of hybrid models required to cover the medium frequency range, which is defined as the frequency range between the lowest substructure high frequency limit and the highest one. Using this procedure, the mid-frequency range can be define specifically so that, as a consequence, an improvement in the continuity of the vibro-acoustic response function is achieved, closing the undetermined gap between the low and high frequency ranges. The second proposed mid-frequency solution is the Hybrid Sub-structuring method based on Component Mode Synthesis (HS-CMS). The method adopts a partition scheme based on classifying the system modal basis into global and local sets of modes. This classification is performed by using a Component Mode Synthesis, in particular a Craig-Bampton transformation, in order to express the system modal base into the modal bases associated with each sub-structure. Then, each sub-structure modal base is classified into global and local set, fist ones associated with the long wavelength motion and second ones with the short wavelength motion. The high frequency limit of each sub-structure is used as frequency frontier between both sets of modes. From this classification, the equations of motion associated with global modes are derived, which include the interaction of local modes by means of corrections in the dynamic stiffness matrix and the force vector of the global problem. The local equations of motion are solved through SEA, where again interactions with global modes arc included through the inclusion of an additional input power into the SEA model. The method has been tested for the calculation of the response function of structures subjected to structural and acoustic loads. Both methods have been firstly tested in simple structures to establish their basis and main characteristics. Methods are also verified in space structures, as satellites and antenna reflectors, providing good results as it is concluded from the comparison with experimental results obtained in both, acoustic and structural load tests. This dissertation opens a wide field of research through which further studies could be performed to obtain efficient and accurate methodologies to appropriately reproduce the vibro-acoustic behaviour of complex systems in the mid-frequency range.

A tale of two cities: Education responds to globalisation in Hong Kong and Singapore in the aftermath of the Asian economic crisi

It has been suggested that although the most theorisation about globalisation has emerged from “western” contexts, the material implications of globalisation have been felt most strongly in non-western regions. With this in mind, we are undertaking a situated analysis of how two states, Singapore and Hong Kong, are interacting with the broader processes of globalisation through their educational policies. We apply Foucault's conceptual tool of governmentality to understand (i) the conduct of governing in the contemporary nation-state, and (ii) how the “right” rationalities are being inculcated by government to create “desiring subjects” who will play their part in ensuring national prosperity. We use the Asian Economic Crisis as a point of departure to show how global-local tensions are being managed by Singapore and Hong Kong. We conclude that both these global cities have adroitly managed the Asian economic crisis to steer their citizens away from pursuits of greater political freedom and towards concerns of material well being. They have done so through a selective interpretation of globalisation, by simultaneously resisting and embracing the contradictory strands of globalisation. Education has emerged as a critical space for this selective absorption of globalising trends.

Perspectives on gender, migration and transnational work: joint work of social reproduction and care in Southern Europe

This paper presents the "state of the art" and some of the main issues discussed in relation to the topic of transnational migration and reproductive work in southern Europe. We start doing a genealogy of the complex theoretical development leading to the consolidation of the research program, linking consideration of gender with transnational migration and transformation of work and ways of survival, thus making the production aspects as reproductive, in a context of globalization. The analysis of the process of multiscale reconfiguration of social reproduction and care, with particular attention to its present global dimension is presented, pointing to the turning point of this line of research that would have taken place with the beginning of this century, with the rise notions such as "global care chains" (Hochschild, 2001), or "care drain" (Ehrenreich and Hochschild, 2013). Also, the role of this new agency, now composed in many cases women who migrate to other countries or continents, precisely to address these reproductive activities, is recognized. Finally, reference is made to some of the new conceptual and theoretical developments in this area.

Pathologies of Patriarchy: Death, Suffering, Care and Coping in the Gendered Gaps of HIV/AIDS Interventions in Nigeria

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Cuerpos que importan en las geometrías de poder

Las conexiones entre los procesos globales y locales no son abstractas sino que están siempre corporeizadas y situadas en algún lugar concreto. La ponencia aborda la genderización de las escalas espaciales y su constitución mutua como parte de una reflexión necesaria en torno a los imaginarios espaciales hegemónicos que establecen dicotomías clásicas en torno a los pares global-local, masculino-femenino, público-privado e interno-externo. Tomando licencia para habitar los intersticios (De Lauretis 1986), se presta atención a las formas en que desde éstos se crean alianzas y estrategias de traducción cultural que devienen en distintas formas de lucha y resistencia que se encuentran comunicadas y glo-deslocalizadas, superando los discursos de la economía política convencional (Maseey 2004; Katz 2001). El objetivo es visualizar cómo las subjetividades contradictorias y heterogéneas son producidas, no solo en los procesos del capitalismo global, sino también en los huecos y márgenes de los mismos (Grewal y Kaplan 1994), y se relacionan por, hacia, con y contra las identidades globales y nacionales para generar formas particulares y, en ocasiones, valiosas de identidad y resistencia.

As condições globais-locais e os grupos transnacionais: uma análise do cenário pós-industrial e suas implicações para a internacionalização de empresas

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as condições globais-locais do ambiente econômico contemporâneo e suas implicações na definição de estratégias para a internacionalização das corporações transnacionais. Aborda a gênese da internacionalização no cenário pós-industrial e os determinantes que a intensificaram, realiza uma análise das questões relacionadas ao dilema global-local e às suas implicações nos territórios e, por fim, faz uma síntese das análises efetuadas. Os resultados apontam duas questões relevantes para estudos futuros. A primeira refere-se à transição político-econômica desde a fragilização do Estado do Bem-Estar (1990) perante o capitalismo neoliberal (2000) e à tendência aos regimes nacionais soberanos com forte componente democrático (2010). A segunda relaciona-se com as forças locais presentes nos territórios, cujas especificidades econômicas, sociais, políticas, históricas e culturais têm prevalecido sobre a perspectiva de homogeneização derivada dos processos globalizados.

Universities, SMEs and innovation frameworks : think global, act local?

Universities are increasingly encouraged to take a leading role in economic development, particularly through innovation. Simultaneously, economic development policy itself is increasingly focused on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), creating overlapping interactions in the roles of government policy, universities and SMEs and the processes of innovation creation and dissemination. This paper examines issues arising from these developments and relating to the key stakeholders (industry, government and universities in particular), the enabling mechanisms (network governance, relevant education, training and learning, and suitable structures), and local and cross-local links. The authors then use quantitative analysis of 450 SMEs in the UK to begin to evaluate the roles of universities and highlight areas for further theoretical development.

Recruiting local public relations professionals for global relations practice : a comparative analysis between Australian and Indian public relations recruitment advertisements

The aim of this exploratory study was to gain an insight into Asian and Western public relations practices by investigating them through job advertisements and thus reflecting on what organisations expect from the public relations professionals. Grunig's (1984) four models of public relations and the concept of relationships management were used as the foundation for this study. Australia was used to represent the Western region and India was used to represent the Asian region. Sample sets of public relations recruitment advertisements from both countries were examined against Grunig's one-way communication, two-way communication and relationship management attributes.

Local adjustment and global adaptation of control periods for QoC management of control systems

Linking real-time schedulability directly to the Quality of Control (QoC), the ultimate goal of a control system, a hierarchical feedback QoC management framework with the Fixed Priority (FP) and the Earliest-Deadline-First (EDF) policies as plug-ins is proposed in this paper for real-time control systems with multiple control tasks. It uses a task decomposition model for continuous QoC evaluation even in overload conditions, and then employs heuristic rules to adjust the period of each of the control tasks for QoC improvement. If the total requested workload exceeds the desired value, global adaptation of control periods is triggered for workload maintenance. A sufficient stability condition is derived for a class of control systems with delay and period switching of the heuristic rules. Examples are given to demonstrate the proposed approach.

Local and global : cultural globalization, consumerism, and children's fiction

According to Zygmunt Bauman in Liquid Modernity (2000), the formerly solid and stable institutions of social life that characterised earlier stages of modernity have become fluid. He sees this as an outcome of the modernist project of progress itself, which in seeking to dismantle oppressive structures failed to reconstruct new roles for society, community and the individual. The un-tethering of social life from tradition in the latter stages of the twentieth century has produced unprecedented freedoms and unparalleled uncertainties, at least in the West. Although Bauman’s elaboration of some of the features and drivers of liquid modernity – increased mobility, rapid communications technologies, individualism – suggests it to be a neologism for globalisation, it is arguably also the context which has allowed this phenomenon to flourish. The qualities of fluidity, leakage, and flow that distinguish uncontained liquids also characterise globalisation, which encompasses a range of global trends and processes no longer confined to, or controlled by, the ‘container’ of the nation or state. The concept of liquid modernity helps to explain the conditions under which globalisation discourses have found a purchase and, by extension, the world in which contemporary children’s literature, media, and culture are produced. Perhaps more significantly, it points to the fluid conceptions of self and other that inform the ‘liquid’ worldview of the current generation of consumers of texts for children and young adults. This generation is growing up under the phase of globalisation we describe in this chapter.

Crime: local and global

Crime: Local and Global covers the way local events (such as prostitution) have wider aspects than previously thought. Links with people traffickers, international organised crime and violence cannot be ignored any longer. Each crime or area of activity selected within this text has a global reach, and is made ever more possible due to the way globalisation has opened up markets, both legitimate and illegitimate. The book's approach and scope emphasises that we can no longer view 'crime' as something which occurs within certain jurisdictions, at certain times and in particular places. For example, the chapter on cybercrime highlights the 'illegal' acts that can be perpetrated by second lifers, anywhere in the world, but are they a crime?