Taking travel journalism seriously : suggestions for scientific inquiry into a neglected genre

The practice of travel journalism is still largely neglected as a field of inquiry for communication and journalism scholars, despite the fact that news media are increasingly focussing on softer news. Lifestyle sections of newspapers, for example, have been growing in size over the past few decades, and given corresponding cutbacks in international news reporting, particularly travel journalism is now playing a growing role in the representation of ‘the Other’. While this need for research into the field has been identified before, very little actual investigation of travel journalism has been forthcoming. This paper reviews the current state of research by reviewing what studies have been conducted into the production, content and reception of travel journalism. It argues that while there does now exist a very small number of studies, these have often been conducted in isolation and with significant limitations, and much remains to be done to sufficiently explore this sub-field of journalism. By analysing what we do know about travel journalism, the paper suggests a number of possibilities in each area on how we can advance this knowledge. Above all, it contends that dated prejudices against the field have to be put to the side, and the practice of travel journalism needs to be taken seriously in order to do its growing importance justice.

It’s my site, and I’ll do what I want: Performing female identity through digital identity curation in online spaces

This chapter is based on a qualitative case study that researched the perceptions of nine male and female pre-service English teachers’ in regards to their preparedness to mentor positive digital conduct in Social network sites (SNS). These sites enable individuals to perform public representations of identity, consumed by virtual audiences, with various degrees of perceived privacy. The chapter frames what we call “identity curation” through three theoretical lenses; of performativity, customisation and critical literacy. This chapter discusses one of the themes that emerged from the research, which is the way in which “normalised” and naturalised representations of femineity on SNS were judged more harshly than masculine representations.

Participation by place-based community organisations in local development: case studies from East Cork

The past two decades have witnessed concerted efforts by theorists and policy-makers to place civil society at the centre of social, economic and environmental development processes. To this end, policies grounded in a Third Way approach have sought to forge stronger linkages between the state and voluntary community-based organisations. Concepts such as active citizenship, social capital, partnership and sustainability have underpinned this political philosophy, which reflects a movement in development theory and political science away from notions of state-led development and unfettered neo-liberalism. In the Irish context, a series of initiatives have given expression to this new policy agenda, the foremost amongst them the publication of a White Paper in 2000. New local governance structures and development schemes have multiplied since the early 1990s, while the physical planning system has also been modified. All this has taken place against the backdrop of unprecedented economic development and social change precipitated by the ‘Celtic Tiger’.This thesis examines the interaction between community organisations, state institutions and other actors in development processes in East Cork. It focuses upon place-based community organisations, who seek to represent the interests of their particular localities. A case study approach is employed to explore the realpolitik of local development and to gauge the extent to which grassroots community organisations wield influence in determining the development of their communities. The study concludes that the transfer of decision-making power to community organisations has been more illusory than real and that, in practical terms, such groups remain marginal in the circuits of power. However, the situation of community organisations operating in different geographical locales cannot be reduced to an overarching theoretical logic. The case studies show that the modus operandi of community groups varies considerably and can be influenced by specific local geographies, events and personalities.

Educação intercultural e educação Soka : pontes de dialógo na intervenção com a comunidade de refugiados

Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Ciências da Educação (Educação Intercultural), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2014

Exploración y análisis de las políticas educativas relativas a la educación rural en Centroamérica : casos de Costa Rica y Nicaragua

Différents organismes internationaux se sont penchés sur l’école rurale des pays en émergence. La plupart de ces travaux de recherche montrent que ces écoles n’offrent pas une éducation adaptée au milieu dans lesquelles elles sont situées, du fait essentiellement qu’on y a implanté la structure administrative et pédagogique des écoles urbaines sans tenir compte des caractéristiques de la population infantile des zones rurales. Afin de tenter de remédier aux difficultés identifiées, ces organismes ont proposé diverses solutions ou préconisé des politiques adaptées à ce contexte particulier. Le but de cette recherche est d’étudier comment ces recommandations convergent-elles avec les politiques éducatives et dans le quotidien des écoles en milieu rural de deux pays de l’Amérique centrale, le Costa Rica et le Nicaragua. À cette fin, comme cadre d'analyse, nous avons établi six catégories : condition socio-économique, plan d'études et pédagogie, relation école et communauté, enseignants, technologie et finalement, gestion et gouvernance. Pour ce faire, nous analysons les recommandations globales formulées par diverses organisations internationales et d’autres organismes des pays développés à propos de l'éducation rurale. Nous comparons ensuite ces informations avec les décisions politiques prises ces dernières vingt années, dans les deux pays sélectionnés afin de favoriser le développement éducatif des zones rurales. Pour finir, nous observons sur le terrain le quotidien de quelques écoles rurales des deux pays retenus. En partant de l’hypothèse qu’il existe suffisamment d’information et de recommandations permettant l’élaboration des politiques éducatives appropriées pour améliorer les conditions des écoles rurales, le travail présente une analyse multiniveaux (recommandations globales, politiques nationales et pratiques scolaires) en établissant la convergence ou la divergence dans chacune des catégories. Les principaux résultats de la recherche démontrent qu'il existe une convergence entre les pratiques scolaires et les politiques éducatives émises par les pays étudiés, avec quelques exceptions. Quant à la convergence entre les recommandations globales et les politiques émises par ces pays, on ne peut pas parler de convergence de façon générale. La recherche propose l'élaboration de profil de politiques nationales pour chaque pays, en fonction de la manière par laquelle ils abordent la problématique de l'éducation rurale : soit par l’assignation des ressources pour étendre les services éducatifs normalisés pour tous les enfants, ou en produisant des politiques focalisées, créant des programmes spécifiques, faisant remarquer la différence du monde rural.

Évaluation de la perception des intervenants de la mise en œuvre d’un modèle d’équipe de soutien à l’enseignant pour intégrer les services à l’école en contexte inclusif

L’école ne semble plus en mesure de répondre par elle-même aux besoins multidimensionnels des élèves en difficulté qui sont maintenant intégrés dans la classe ordinaire. (Cooper, 1999; Deslandes & Bertrand, 2001; Dryfoos, 1994; Greenberg, 2004; Ministère de l'Éducation du Loisir et du Sport, 2005; Paavola, 1995; Riddle & Tett, 2001; The Learning Partnership, 2004). Les équipes de soutien à l’enseignant semblent un moyen efficace d’appuyer l’enseignant et l’élève, mais cette approche est très peu utilisée dans les milieux éducatifs au Canada. Certains élèves présentant des problèmes complexes ne reçoivent pas l’appui nécessaire faute d’un manque de spécialiste à l’intérieur du cadre scolaire. Dans cette perspective, les services intégrés pourraient être une voie propice pour le travail de partenariat mais plusieurs obstacles semblent empêcher la collaboration et la coopération entre les intervenants scolaires et les partenaires de la communauté. La présente recherche a identifié un modèle qui permet d’appuyer l’enseignant dans sa pratique afin d’aider l’élève en difficulté et de le maintenir dans la classe ordinaire. Le modèle d’équipe de soutien à l’enseignant mis en œuvre dans les écoles d’un conseil francophone scolaire de l’Ontario est un modèle dérivé de Chalfant, Pysh et Moultrie (1979). Vers les années 1970, ces équipes ont été formées en vue d’offrir un appui à l’enseignant de classe ordinaire pour éviter les placements d'élèves en éducation spéciale l’intention est encore la même en 2010. Par ce modèle, nous favorisons l’entrée des services intégrés à l’intérieur du cadre scolaire et les partenaires travaillent en équipe afin de favoriser le succès scolaire des élèves. Un coordonnateur du milieu scolaire est le lien qui assure la coordination et les suivis des différentes recommandations proposées par l’équipe. Le travail de collaboration et de coopération est essentiel pour assurer le succès scolaire de l’élève. Les résultats de cette mise en œuvre nous ont permis de constater que le modèle est efficace dans l’atteinte de ses buts. D’une façon générale, les intervenants scolaires affirment se sentir effectivement appuyés par les équipes de soutien tant dans la formation, les échanges et les discussions que dans les ressources matérielles. Ce qui ressort le plus souvent de leurs propos est qu’ils apprécient la réelle collaboration et la concertation qui existent entre tous les intervenants qui assurent les suivis. Quatre-vingt-treize pour cent des répondants qui ont participé aux équipes de soutien affirment qu’il y a eu des changements positifs chez les élèves. Différents défis ont aussi été relevés. Mentionnons entre autre, la lourdeur du rôle du coordonnateur, la grandeur du territoire du Conseil (perte de temps sur la route), des cas de conflits existants entre les parents et l’école. Indépendamment de ces défis, l’application du modèle d’équipe de soutien à l’enseignant répond à l’objectif d’inclusion scolaire des élèves en difficulté tout en permettant aux enseignants de ne pas se sentir seuls ni d’être effectivement seuls à assumer ce mandat.

La justice globale et son rapport aux pratiques internationales : deux approches pour l’éradication de la pauvreté

Cette recherche a bénéficié du soutien de plusieurs organismes. D’abord, je remercie le Conseil de recherche en sciences humaines du Canada (CRSH) de m’avoir accordé la bourse J.A. Bombardier – bourse de recherche pour la maitrise. Je remercie également le département de philosophie pour les quelques bourses de recherche et de voyage qui m’ont été offertes au cours de mes études de deuxième cycle au département. Je tiens finalement à exprimer ma gratitude envers le Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en philosophie politique (GRIPP) pour son soutient financier ainsi que pour l’expérience enrichissante qu’il m’a promulgué. Une partie de ce mémoire a été présentée en avril 2012 à la Graduate Conference on Global Justice, tenue à la Gallatin School, New York University.

La citoyenneté chez les musulmans du Québec : analyse qualitative d'entrevues avec des personnes influentes

Ce mémoire de maîtrise s’intéresse au sujet de la citoyenneté telle que vue par treize personnalités musulmanes influentes du Québec. Ces personnes sont largement impliquées dans différentes sphères des affaires publiques, telles que religieuse, politique, communautaire, académique et économique. L’objectif de l’étude qualitative de ces entrevues de type ouvert est de comprendre comment ces personnes perçoivent leur citoyenneté et les expériences personnelles sociales qui influencent leurs visions respectives à partir de la sémantique de leur articulation de la relation de la foi musulmane avec la notion de citoyenneté. Le contenu de ces entrevues a été soumis à une analyse de discours et nous en avons ressorti « une théorie de la citoyenneté chez les musulmans du Québec » basée sur des définitions différentes de la citoyenneté : une citoyenneté qui est « à part entière » en contradiction avec une autre de « seconde zone » ou de « seconde classe », toutes les deux définies par un ensemble de droits et de devoirs. Cette logique de définition de la citoyenneté se justifie par un cumul d’identités durant la trajectoire personnelle de chacun en faisant intervenir ses priorités et ses préoccupations courantes tout en trouvant sa source d’inspiration dans l’islam. La nationalité canadienne/québécoise se complète par l’islam comme mode de vie au sein de cette définition de la citoyenneté, selon cette même logique, à l’intérieur d’une idéologie nationaliste canadienne.

Knowledge Building in Landscape Architecture

The objective of this study was to develop an internet-based seminar framework applicable for landscape architecture education. This process was accompanied by various aims. The basic expectation was to keep the main characteristics of landscape architecture education also in the online format. On top of that, four further objectives were anticipated: (1) training of competences for virtual team work, (2) fostering intercultural competence, (3) creation of equal opportunities for education through internet-based open access and (4) synergy effects and learning processes across institutional boundaries. This work started with the hypothesis that these four expected advantages would compensate for additional organisational efforts caused by the online delivery of the seminars and thus lead to a sustainable integration of this new learning mode into landscape architecture curricula. This rationale was followed by a presentation of four areas of knowledge to which the seminar development was directly related (1) landscape architecture as a subject and its pedagogy, (2) general learning theories, (3) developments in the ICT sector and (4) wider societal driving forces such as global citizenship and the increase of open educational resources. The research design took the shape of a pedagogical action research cycle. This approach was constructive: The author herself is teaching international landscape architecture students so that the model could directly be applied in practice. Seven online seminars were implemented in the period from 2008 to 2013 and this experience represents the core of this study. The seminars were conducted with varying themes while its pedagogy, organisation and the technological tools remained widely identical. The research design is further based on three levels of observation: (1) the seminar design on the basis of theory and methods from the learning sciences, in particular educational constructivism, (2) the seminar evaluation and (3) the evaluation of the seminars’ long term impact. The seminar model itself basically consists of four elements: (1) the taxonomy of learning objectives, (2) ICT tools and their application and pedagogy, (3) process models and (4) the case study framework. The seminar framework was followed by the presentation of the evaluation findings. The major findings of this study can be summed up as follows: Implementing online seminars across educational and national boundaries was possible both in term of organisation and technology. In particular, a high level of cultural diversity among the seminar participants has definitively been achieved. However, there were also obvious obstacles. These were primarily competing study commitments and incompatible schedules among the students attending from different academic programmes, partly even in different time zones. Both factors had negative impact on the individual and working group performances. With respect to the technical framework it can be concluded that the majority of the participants were able to use the tools either directly without any problem or after overcoming some smaller problems. Also the seminar wiki was intensively used for completing the seminar assignments. However, too less truly collaborative text production was observed which could be improved by changing the requirements for the collaborative task. Two different process models have been applied for guiding the collaboration of the small groups and both were in general successful. However, it needs to be said that even if the students were able to follow the collaborative task and to co-construct and compare case studies, most of them were not able to synthesize the knowledge they had compiled. This means that the area of consideration often remained on the level of the case and further reflections, generalisations and critique were largely missing. This shows that the seminar model needs to find better ways for triggering knowledge building and critical reflection. It was also suggested to have a more differentiated group building strategy in future seminars. A comparison of pre- and post seminar concept maps showed that an increase of factual and conceptual knowledge on the individual level was widely recognizable. Also the evaluation of the case studies (the major seminar output) revealed that the students have undergone developments of both the factual and the conceptual knowledge domain. Also their self-assessment with respect to individual learning development showed that the highest consensus was achieved in the field of subject-specific knowledge. The participants were much more doubtful with regard to the progress of generic competences such as analysis, communication and organisation. However, 50% of the participants confirmed that they perceived individual development on all competence areas the survey had asked for. Have the additional four targets been met? Concerning the competences for working in a virtual team it can be concluded that the vast majority was able to use the internet-based tools and to work with them in a target-oriented way. However, there were obvious differences regarding the intensity and activity of participation, both because of external and personal factors. A very positive aspect is the achievement of a high cultural diversity supporting the participants’ intercultural competence. Learning from group members was obviously a success factor for the working groups. Regarding the possibilities for better accessibility of educational opportunities it became clear that a significant number of participants were not able to go abroad during their studies because of financial or personal reasons. They confirmed that the online seminar was to some extent a compensation for not having been abroad for studying. Inter-institutional learning and synergy was achieved in so far that many teachers from different countries contributed with individual lectures. However, those teachers hardly ever followed more than one session. Therefore, the learning effect remained largely within the seminar learning group. Looking back at the research design it can be said that the pedagogical action research cycle was an appropriate and valuable approach allowing for strong interaction between theory and practice. However, some more external evaluation from peers in particular regarding the participants’ products would have been valuable.

Análisis de 6 objetivos de desarrollo del milenio a través de las encuestas nacionales de demografía y salud 1990-2010

Introducción: Descripción de tendencias de indicadores seleccionados de Encuestas Nacionales de Demografía y Salud (ENDS) considerados de importancia para medición del alcance de los primeros 6 objetivos de desarrollo del milenio (ODM). Metodología: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, análisis de 18 indicadores de salud, por disponibilidad de datos de ENDS 1990 - 2010. Análisis con estadística descriptiva datos disponibles y modelo matemático de crecimiento exponencial para determinar proyección al 2015. Resultados: ODM1, quintil de riqueza “más bajo” en el 18.4% de la población y la proyección 2015 es 19.6%, la desnutrición global ha disminuido; ODM2, porcentaje de asistencia escolar ha incrementado (2010, 94%); ODM3, ocupación mujeres en agricultura ha disminuido en últimos 20 años (2010, 4,6%) y ha incrementado actividades de mayor preparación; se mantienen los diferentes tipos de violencia contra la mujer; ODM4, desde 1995 ha disminuido la mortalidad en la niñez y aumento de cobertura en vacunación desde 2000; ODM5, atención “profesional” del parto con incremento hasta 92.7% en 2010, incremento en conocimiento de métodos anticonceptivos; ODM6 mayor uso del condón y mayores conocimientos de métodos para evitar VIH. Discusión: Avances en los ODM 2, 3, 4 y 5, que van de la mano con estrategias planteadas para el cumplimiento de los ODM, con gran impacto en disminución de la desnutrición y de la mortalidad en menores de 5 años, mejoría en la atención pre/postnatal. Algunos objetivos según las tendencias no serán alcanzados como el ODM1 cuyo indicador muestra que el número de personas en situación de pobreza podría aumentar.

Da periferia à cidade: a vivência da cidadania na perspectiva dos alunos do 9º ano em uma escola

RESUMO: Este trabalho pretende desenvolver de forma teórica, conceitual e histórica a questão da cidadania no cenário do CEFYA, percebendo a passagem da ideia de cidadania do plano ideal para as realidades práticas vivenciadas na escola. O objetivo desta pesquisa é a compreensão do processo de construção da cidadania em uma escola pública do Tocantins na perspectiva dos alunos do 9º ano da referida escola. Inicialmente foi feito um estudo sobre as principais compreensões de cidadania construídas desde a antiguidade até os tempos atuais, bem como, um resgate de educação popular no Brasil. Daí a compreensão da cidadania como efetivação da dignidade humana e, no âmbito da escola, como direito a participação, a formação de uma consciência crítica e ao respeito à diversidade. O trabalho de identificação do exercício da cidadania no âmbito da escola foi feito através da análise de documentos da própria escola, de questionários e partilha em grupo com os alunos do 9º ano. O estudo evidenciou que o Centro Educacional desenvolve uma pedagogia participativa de pais, da sociedade e da escola, propiciando experiências construtoras de cidadania, relativo à agregação da família, vivência comunitária etc. Portanto, existe no Centro Educacional uma preocupação em qualificar o projeto político-pedagógico e elaborar projetos que são importantes para o avanço dos processos participativos e comunitário. À luz de reflexões críticas, especialmente de Paulo Freire, chega-se à conclusão de que o CEFYA avançou muito nas experiências de cidadania visando à superação das práticas pedagógicas tradicionais. Esse avanço está embasado numa práxis libertadora-emacipatória, fundamentada no diálogo. O Centro Educacional torna-se, a cada dia, num espaço de formação de cidadãos conscientes, críticos e dialógicos. Para tanto, o conhecimento deste ambiente escolar cresce em cidadania, por vir acompanhado de relações democráticas, dialógicas e participativas. ABSTRACT: This work aims to develop a theoretical, conceptual and historical issues of citizenship in the scenario CEFYA, noting the passage of the idea of citizenship ideal plan for the practical realities experienced in school. The objective of this research is the understanding of the construction of citizenship in a public school in Tocantins from the perspective of students in 9th grade of that school. Initially a study was done on the main understandings of citizenship built from ancient to modern times, as well as a recovery of popular education in Brazil. Hence the understanding of citizenship and human dignity and effectiveness within the school, as the right to participation, the formation of a critical awareness and respect for diversity. The identification of the work of citizenship within the school was done by examining documents of the school, questionnaires and group sharing with students in 9th grade. The study showed that the Educational Center develops a participative pedagogy of parents, school and society, providing experience building citizenship on the aggregation of family, community life etc.. Therefore, there is a concern in the Educational Center in describing the political-pedagogical project and develop projects that are important for the advancement of participatory processes and community. In the light of critical reflection, especially Paulo Freire, one comes to the conclusion that the CEFYA progressed much on the experiences of citizenship in order to overcome the traditional pedagogical practices. This progress is rooted in a liberating praxis based on dialogue. The School changes every day, and raise students within a formation of concerned citizens, critical and dialogic. Thus, the knowledge of the school environment grows in citizenship, together with democratic relations, dialogical and participatory.

Exploratory study of corporate social responsibility: blogs as a communication tool to enhance company-stakeholders relationships

O conceito de responsabilidade social corporativa (RSE) evoluiu gradualmente do objetivo de satisfazer as expectativas dos acionistas para o cumprimento das expectativas das partes interessadas. Tornou-se um conceito amplamente aceitado e promovido como as empresas enfrentam maiores pressões de atores internos e externos para cumprir objetivos sociais maiores. Assim, elas cada vez mais comunicam sobre os esforços de responsabilidade social delas, a fim de fomentar a confiança e o envolvimento dos stakeholders. Mas o aumento da cidadania global e as novas tecnologias de informação e de comunicação – como as mídias sociaias – está criando uma paisagem desafiador para a comunicação RSE, se traduzindo em escrutínio e ceticismo do público. No entanto, também está criando novas oportunidades para as empresas compartilhar e interagir com as partes interessadas. O estudo analisa especificamente como os blogs corporativos dedicados à comunicação RSE conseguem melhorar as relações entre as empresas e as partes interessadas. Esta pesquisa exploratória da estrutura e das mensagens de 9 blogs corporativos, é baseada em um quadro de análise sobre comunicação RSE em plataformas de mídias sociais desenvolvido por Gomez e Chalmeta (2013). O quadro está melhorado e adaptado para blogs graças à literatura sobre comunicação RSE, mídias sociais e blogs corporativos. Os resultados demonstram que o uso de características de blogs como apresentação, conteúdo e interatividade, é diversificado e reflete estratégias diferentes de comunicação RSE. Blogs permitem às empresas aumentar a visibilidade da comunicação RSE, melhorar a credibilidade e a legitimidade dos esforços de responsabilidade social, e também trazer discussões com os stakeholders. No entanto, demonstramos que as características e recursos dos blogs raramente são totalmente desenvolvidos, sugerindo avenidas para a melhoria no campo da comunicação nas mídias sociais. Especificamente, o uso da interatividade para criar relações baseadas em diálogo entre empresas e stakeholders está até atrasado em relação à extensão das oportunidades oferecidas pelos blogs. Além disso, o grau de utilização das ferramentas de blogs determina a eficácia da comunicação de RSE 2.0 das empresas na criação de relações empresa-stakeholder.