Mitteilungen der Geographischen gesellschaft (fu r Thu ringen) zu Jena.

List of members in v. 1, 4, 6, 11, 16, 25.

Elfas und Ahlsburg - die Struktur der Schollengrenze zwischen Hils und Solling

The Elfas, Ahlsburg, and Salzderhelden overthrusts have been considered for a long time to be halotectonic structures caused by diapiric rise of Zechstein salt into thrust planes and other zones of weakness in the overlying rocks. Much of the Markoldendorf syncline between the overthrusts is covered by Quaternary deposits. The structure of the syncline and its western and southern boundaries were mapped with the help of many boreholes and micropalaeontological dating during remapping of the 1 : 25 000 geological sheet 4124 (Dassel). The Ahlsburg overthrust has now been shown to continue to the NW and to lead into the Lüthorst graben, which truncates the syncline in the west and passes into the crestal fault of the Elfas anticline. Figure 6 shows the NW-SE trending faults bounding three blocks which, according to seismic interpretation (Geotectonic Atlas 1996), have moved several times, in some areas in opposite senses. The NNE-SSW-trending grabens act as hinges, separating the NW-SE faults into sections that have undergone different movement.

Geschiebekundlich-stratigraphische Untersuchungen in der südlichen Lüneburger Heide

An outline of the Pleistocene history of the southern Lüneburg Heide is given based on the interpretation of exposed sections and indicator-stone analysis. Locally, Elsterian sediments crop out at the surface, mainly near the Holsteinian kieselgur (diatomite), thus indicating the existence of a pre-Saalian relief. Most of the Pleistocene deposits were formed during the three Saali- an ice advances. The ground moraine (basal till) of the first advance (the main Drenthe moraine) and its outwash sands are only locally exposed and only at the margin of the Aller valley do they form a relatively extensive plain. To the north, they are overlain by outwash sands of the late Drenthe advance. Also the Uelzen end moraine consists mainly of these outwash sands. The Uelzen moraine was overridden by the same ice advance. The Warthe ice sheet left only minor traces ridge; its advance came to a final stop at the already dumped morainic material.

Der Schichtaufbau des tieferen Lias am Egge-Osthang zwischen Horn und Langeland

Am Osthang des Eggegebirges zwischen Horn-Bad-Meinberg und Langeland ist der Lias vom Hettangium bis zum Sinemurium in meist lückenhaften Aufschlüssen erhalten. Aus den Teilprofilen wurde in dieser Arbeit ein Normalprofil zusammengestellt. Die Liasschichten sind ihrer beckenrandnahen Lage entsprechend kalkig, mergelig und tonig mit unterschiedlich hohen Anteilen von terrigenem Detritus ausgebildet. Aufgrund lithologischer Unterschiede wurden verschiedene Gesteinstypen klassifiziert und beschrieben und das Normalprofil in fünf petrographische Abschnitte unterteilt. Die orthostratigraphische Einstufung erfolgte mit Ammoniten.

Der Schwermineral-Gehalt von Saale-zeitlichen Moränen- und Schmelzwasser-Ablagerungen des Münsterlandes

This article is a first summary of the heavy-mineral content of moraine and meltwater deposits of the Saalian glaciation in the Münsterland and its northeastern extension (NW Germany). In the beginning the appearance and distribution of both types of sediments are described (E. Speetzen), then the heavy mineral composition of selected outcrops is reported and the results are compared (D. Henningsen). Generally the predominant heavy minerals are garnet, minerals of the epidote group, zircon, and ordinary hornblende. The heavy mineral contents of moraine sediments sometimes are similar to that of meltwater deposits, in other cases they are different. Obviously there exists no relation between the heavy mineral composition and various advances of the Scandinavian ice sheet and their sediments, the content of heavy minerals rather depends on local influences.

Archegonus (Latibole) G. & R. Hahn 1969 (Trilobita) aus der crenestria-Zone (Unter-Karbon III) von Lauenthal (Ober-Harz)

Aus der crenistria-Zone (Subzone des Goniatites crenistria crenistria = cu III alpha3) von Lautenthal (Ober-Harz) werden zwei Arten von ArchegonusJ(Latibole) G.& R.HAHN, 1969 beschrieben und abgebildet: Archegonus (Latibole) laevicauda laevicauda (SARRES, 1857) und Archegonus (Latibole) n.sp.L. Es ist der erste Nachweis dieser Untergattung aus dem Harz. Hinter A. (Latibole) n.sp.L verbirgt sich sehr wahrscheinlich eine neue Art, die aber infolge des z.Zt. noch zu geringen Materials noch nicht ausreichend gekennzeichnet werden kann.

Aufbau und Nutzung des Fachinformationssystems Geologie im Niedersächsischen Bodeninformationssystem NIBIS

Digital data from various scientific fields is stored in separate information systems („FIS geology“, „FIS pedology“, etc.) in the Lower Saxony Geo-Information System NIBIS so that it can be processed and interpreted; this is necessary to meet increasing demand for soil-relevant information for decision-making and planning purposes. The necessary work will be considerably accelerated and its quality improved by setting up and actually using such a tool. A detailed account is given of the Lower Saxony Geo-Information System NIBIS, in particular how the data base is set up and how the NIBIS is used in cases where concrete problems occured.

Verteilungsmuster der Mesofauna im hohen Ober-Hauterive Nordwestdeutschlands

The vertical distribution pattem of mesofaunal elements is described from clay-marl bedding rhythms from the Frielingen section (Hannover, NW Germany), which exposes latest Hau- terivian sediments (early Cretaceous). Some mesofaunal groups show a correlation with the pale- dark bedding rhythms. The pale, marly beds are chracterised by bryozoans. In addition remnants of crinoids, echinoids, asteroids, ophiuroids and holothuroids are more common in pale layers than in dark ones. Converseley, the relative abundance of serpulids, fish remains, bivalves and gastropods shows no relationship to the bedding rhythms.

Fluviatile und äolische Prozesse im Gebiet der unteren Elbe bei Neuhaus (Niedersachsen) seit dem Weichselspätglazial

The Late Glacial and Holocene landscape development in the vicinity of the River Elbe near Neuhaus, Lower Saxony, was studied during geological mapping of the area. The geological and geobotanical methods used in these investigations were chosen to cope with the difficulties which arise during research on Quaternary flood plains in low country. Paleochannel fill and areas of flood-plain sediments were drilled, the lithology examined, and the sediments dated on the basis of their pollen content. No evidence was found for the existence before the Middle Ages of paleo- channels the size of the present River Elbe. Before the first measures were made to regulate the Elbe River, it was an anastomosing river system with numerous small branches. The lower parts of the flood-plain profiles are predominantly sand and the upper parts silty-clayey loam. With the construction of effective levees over the last several centuries, the flow velocity of the Elbe has increased considerably during high water periods and instead of the deposition of meadow loam, sand was deposited as natural levees. The main belt of sand dunes on the east bank of the Elbe overlies Preboreal to Boreal lake mud and is, therefore, of Holocene age.

Geologie und Hydrogeologie im Raum Bad Pyrmont unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Quellensystems

The hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry of salt and fresh water from solid rock aquifer systems in the Pyrmont area are described and interpreted on the basis of recent investigations including geoelectrics, isotope hydrology, soil air analysis. Theories on the source of the springs in this area are developed, which explain the different compositions of the springs and make it possible to protect them. Data from new and re-interpretated drill holes, borehole logs and outcrops suggest a revision of the geological structure of the Pyrmont dome. Bad Pyrmont is situated on a wide dome of Triassic rocks in the southern part of the Lower Saxony uplands. Inversion of the relief has caused the development of an erosional basin surrounded by prominent ridges. Deep faults developed at the crest of the dome as this part of the structure was subjected to the strongest tectonic stress. Subrosion of the Zechstein salts in the western part of the dome has caused the main salt bed to wedge out below the western part of the dome along a N-S striking structure; this structure is refered to as the „Salzhang“ (salt slope). West of the „Salzhang“, where subrosion has removed the salt bed that prevents gas rising from below, carbon dioxide of deep volcanic origin can now rise to the surface. Hydraulic cross sections illustrate the presence of extensive and deep-seated groundwater flow within the entire Pyrmont dome. While groundwater flow is directed vertically downwards in the ridges surrounding the dome, centripetal horizontal flow predominates the intermediate area. In the central part of the dome, groundwater rises to join the River Emmer, which is the main receiving water course in the central part of the eroded basin. The depth of the saltwater/freshwater interface is determinated by the weight of the superimposed freshwater body. Hydrochemical cross sections show the shape and position of the interface and document a certain degree of hydrochemical zonation of the gently mineralized fresh water. Genetic relationships between the two main water types and the hydrochemical zones of the freshwater body are discussed. The knowledge of the hydrogeological relationship in the Bad Pyrmont aquifer systems permits a spatially narrow coexistence of wells withdrawing groundwater for different purposes (medicinal, mineral, drinking and industrial water).

Entwicklung der Faziesverteilung eines Riffkomplexes im Korallenoolith (Oberjura) des Osterwaldes (Niedersachsen)

The Hainholz quarry in the Osterwald hills of NW-Germany is the most impressive outcrop in the Lower Saxony Basin exposing Late Jurassic (Korallenoolith, Oxfordian) coral buildups. The Korallenoolith deposits in the quarry commence with a oolitic sequence about 20 m thick which is limited by a distinctive hardground at its top. This sequence is overlain by the so called “Obere Korallenbank”-Member about 13 m in thickness which is mainly build up by coral reef complexes. Throughout a lateral extend of about 400 m exposed in the quarry, the Obere Korallenbank Member shows numerous pillar-shaped reefal build ups which are flanked by a reefal debris limestone. The coral fauna of the in situ reefal bioconstructions comprises not less than 37 taxa most of which have been described from the Lower Saxony Basin for the first time. Probably, the pillar-shaped reefs formed a small positive relief of only a few dm against the debris deposits during deposition. The interreef debris limestones in the lower and middle part of the Obere Korallenbank Member show three intercalated biostromal coral layers. In the upper part of the member, the interreef facies is represented by a mikritic peloidal limestone rich in sponge remains and, unusual in such a depositional environment, ammonites (Dichotomo-sphinctes bifurcatoides, D. sp.). Additionaly, at the top of of the peloidal limestone a layer enriched in nerineids and other gastropods limits the reefal constructions of the Obere Korallenbank Member against the overlying “humeralis-Oolith” sequence. On the basis of the facies development of this depositional sequence the reef formation in relation to sealevel changes is discussed.

Der Kauffunger Kalkstein (Bober-Katzbach Gebirge, Polen): Petrographie, Fossilinventar, Stratigraphie

In the Western Sudetes (Mts.) in SW Poland carbonate rocks occur which are well known in the older German literature as ’’Kauffung Limestone” or ’’Wojcieszow Limestone” in recent publications, respectively. They are intercalated in sedimentary (shales) and volcanic (greenstone) successions and are, presumed - due to the lack of index fossils - to be Cambrian in age. These deposits occur in a variety of isolated massifs in the Bober-Katzbach Mts. where they have been mined in many quarries in the past. In a single location (Polom quarry near Wojcieszow) they are exploited up until today. The predominantly calcitic rocks display a wide variety of different lithologies and are, consequently, subdivided into the following lithological units which differ in textural characteristics, mineral constituents, and different grades of diagenetic and metamorphic alteration: 1. Calcite Marble: massive, calcitic, chiefly metamorphic recrystallized. 2. Zebra Limestone: dolomitic-calcitic, certain content of metasomatic silica, fine bedding as a result of microbial calcite precipitation or of diagenetic to metamorphic separation of carbonate and silica constituents. 3. Massive matrix Dolomite: compact, of diagenetic to metamorphic origin. 4. Dolomite Marble: metamorphic. 5. Hydrothermal Dolomite: hydrothermal alteration of limestone, postdating the tectonic deformation. The recent appearance of ’’Kauffung Limestone” is mainly a result of regional metamorphosis at low temperature up to about 300°C and locally high pressure. The typical textural features are stress induced, mostly protomylonitic calcite recrystallisation and generally slowly or not infected dolomite crystals. The different reactions of the two carbonate phases are attributed to their mineral properties. Rhyolitic and dacitic dykes penetrating the carbonate rocks are interpreted as a result of post- orogenic, probably Carboniferous or Permian volcanism. Microprobe investigation on the carbonates revealed a stochiometric composition of dolomite and calcite. The stable isotope content (8 c 0,8* ^C) reflects increased crystallisation temperature of the carbonate minerals (8 O von -7,75 bis -15,78). A variety of fossil remains have been extracted from bulk samples, consisting of sponge needles, floral components, foramini- fera, and vertebrate remains the latter two of which indicate a depositional age younger than Ordovician. Due to the stratigraphic re-attribution of the Kauffung Limestone, the hypothesis of a Cambrian/Ordovician rifting in the Western Sudetes should be abandoned.

Beurteilung der geomechanischen Stabilität und Integrität von Endlagerbergwerken im Salzgebirge auf der Grundlage geologischer und ingenieurgeologischer Untersuchungen

Any safety assessment of a permanent repository for radioactive waste has to include an analysis of the geomechanical stability of the repository and integrity of the geological barrier. Such an analysis is based on geological and engineering geological studies of the site, on laboratory and in-situ experiments, and on numerical calculations. Central part of the safety analysis is the geomechanical modelling of the host rock. The model should simulate as closely as possible the conditions at the site and the behaviour of the rock (e.g., geology, repository geometry, initial rock stress, and constitutive models). On the basis of the geomechanical model numerical calculations are carried out using the finite-element method and an appropriate discretization of the repository and the host rock. The assessment of the repository stability and the barrier integrity is based on calculated stress and deformation and on the behaviour of the host rock measured and observed in situ. An example of the geomechanical analysis of the stability and integrity of the Bartensieben mine, a former salt mine, is presented. This mine is actually used as a repository for low level radioactive waste. The example includes all necessary steps of geological, engineering geological, and geotechnical investigations.

Zur Biostratigraphie und Fazies der Unterkreide-Serien (Hauterivium - Aptium) im Eisenerz-Tagebau "Morgenstern" N-Goslar (SE-Niedersachsen)

Im aufgelassenen Eisenerz-Tagebau "Morgenstern" wurde zwischen liegendem Erz und hangendem "Gaultkonglomerat" ein ca. 58 m mächtiger Schichtkomplex lithologisch und biostratigraphisch bearbeitet. Die Schichtglieder konnten anhand der begleitenden Megafauna (Belemniten, Ammoniten) und in Verbindung mit der Mikrofauna (Foraminiferen) stratigraphisch eingestuft werden. Die Foraminiferenfauna aus 93 Mikroproben wurde bearbeitet und im Sinne von MICHAEL (1974) palökologisch analysiert. Die aufgeschlossenen Schichtglieder gehören dem höchsten Mittel- Barremium (Zone des "Crioceras" sparsicosta), dem Ober-Barre- mium sowie dem Aptium an. Das Ober-Barremium konnte in die Zone des Simancyloceras stolleyi und die Zone des Parancyloceras bidentatum & P. scalare gegliedert werden. Innerhalb des Aptium konnten die beiden Unterstufen gegeneinander abgegrenzt werden; eine Ausgliederung der Zonen war hier jedoch nur teilweise und unter Vorbehalt möglich. Der aufgeschlossene Teil der Erzfazies bleibt auf das oberste Mittel-Barremium (Dachbereich des "Hauptlagers") und die stolleyi- Zone des Ober-Barremium ("Hangendes Lager" und "Zwischenlager") beschränkt; die Lager sind somit jünger als bisher von älteren Autoren (z.B. KOLBE 1962, 1970; NEUMANN 1964) angenommen wurde.

Fluß-, Schmelzwasser- und Solifluktions-Ablagerungen im Terrassengebiet der Leine und der Innerste : ein Beitrag zur pleistozänen Flußgeschichte Südniedersachsens

Vorliegende Arbeit stellt einen Beitrag zur pleistozänen Flußgeschichte von Innerste und Leine - S-Niedersachsen - dar. Darüber hinaus wird die Frage einer E-W-Entwässerung NW-Deutschlands im Alt-Quartär diskutiert. Hierfür werden im wesentlichen Geröllanalysen herangezogen. Ihr Vergleich kann die von HECK (1928) postulierte Verbindung Werra - Leine im Alt-Pleistozän über den "Eichenberger Paß" nicht bestätigen. Möglich erscheinen hingegen sowohl ein "Mulde-Saale Flußlauf" (GENIESER, 1970) als auch eine Verbindung Weser-Leine über Coppenbrügge (LÜTTIG, 1955), um die Gerölle aus Thüringer- Wald-Kristallin in den "Oberterrassen"-Ablagerungen und ihren Umlagerungsprodukten bei Hannover zu erklären. Der Verbindung Weser-Leine wird, nach Abwägung aller Fakten, der Vorzug gegeben. Die Geröllzusammensetzung der Mittelterrasse zeigt überwiegend den unmittelbaren Einfluß des jeweils benachbarten anstehenden Festgesteins. Dieses wird über den Umweg von Hangschuttmassen zugeführt. Wo Oberterrassen- Ablagerungen vorhanden sind, können sie ebenfalls in den Mittelterrassen-Sedimenten mit aufgearbeitet sein. Die Niederterrassen-Ablagerungen müssen zumindest in Teilen des Untersuchungsgebietes als Umlagerungsprodukt der Mittelterrassen-Ablagerungen angesehen werden. Die Unterscheidung von Schmelzwasser- und Terrassenkiesen gelingt jeweils nur für Proben aus eng benachbarten Ablagerungsräumen. Allerdings sind erstere oft durch einen vergleichsweise höheren Anteil N-Materials sowie durch, in gefrorenem Zustand transportierte, Ton- sowie Schluffgerölle ausgezeichnet.