931 resultados para Fundamental concepts
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Os parâmetros de análise social fornecidos pelos fundamentos da obra weberiana apontam algumas determinações necessárias à análise de fenômenos sociais. Defendendo uma sociologia capaz de compreender os sentidos e conexões presentes nas ações sociais, Weber propõe uma concepção específica de método e de objeto na sociologia, que se assenta na explicação de ações sociais individuais, sob condições determinadas, e busca, ao mesmo tempo, explicitar as significações das instituições sociais, nas quais os indivíduos agem, como resultantes também da ação humana. A partir de tais idéias, o breve ensaio ora apresentado, propõe-se a debater alguns elementos trabalhados nos conceitos weberianos de método e sociologia
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The semiotics of C S. Peirce presents fundamental concepts to discover aspects of the indexing process, including representation and classes of signs. However, we still know little of its theoretical potential for subject indexing. We believe that the main difficulty in the proposals to understand the process of subject indexing based on Peircean semiotics stems from an incomplete interpretation of his semiotic system. This paper attempts to describe the contributions of Peircean semiotics to subject indexing. First, we analyze some of the concepts of the branches of semiotics, after which, we discuss strategies for conceptual approximation. Secondly, and aiming to raise the level of interlocution between the areas, we intend to argue that subject indexing is an inferential process, as explained by the second branch of semiotics. Thus, we seek to go beyond the level of speculative grammar, the first branch of semiotics, to forge a closer link with pure or critical logic, the second branch. We conclude that the indexer's work does not produce a mere reflection of what already exists in documents, but involves an instigating action to discover, through the inferential matrix, the meaning of a text in order to find the subject and the most appropriate subject added entry to the information system.
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This work examines the discourse of the American philosopher and educator John Dewey (1859-1852) about human nature, adopting as reference the book Human nature and conduct: an introduction to Social Psychology. In this book, published in 1922, Dewey discusses fundamental concepts of Psychology - instinct, habit, intelligence, and others - and proposes a new psychological science; the author's elaborations cover the fields of philosophy, psychology and education. The methodology to analyze his discourse follows the studies developed by the Research Group Rhetoric and Argumentation in Pedagogy. Such studies are based on Chaïm Perelman's and Stephen Toulmin's theories.
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This paper proposes a didactic experience on the simulation of the atmospheric corrosion of copper and zinc due to the presence of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. Quantitative parameters of corrosion such as gain and loss of mass were determined to assess the variation of the layer thickness of the metal and of the corrosion products. This proposal aims a better understanding of some basic aspects of acid rain formation using fundamental concepts of chemistry such as the reactivity of gases.
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Pós-graduação em Ciência da Computação - IBILCE
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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O objetivo desta dissertação é estabelecer as relações existentes entre Rousseau, Kant e os primeiros românticos alemães. A partir da perspectiva estabelecida pela Terceira Crítica, de Kant, nos voltaremos para as obras de Rousseau e do Romantismo (particularmente, as de Novalis e Schlegel) para extrair delas dois conceitos fundamentais, o de sentimento e o de subjetividade. Acreditamos, assim, poder esclarecer, por meio das próprias obras de Rousseau e dos primeiros românticos, o autêntico significado das noções de sentimento e de subjetividade, de modo a não só recuperar o verdadeiro valor filosófico de tais obras, mas, sobretudo, para mostrar o uso consciente delas na determinação de suas posturas frente ao pretenso “racionalismo” dominante no pensamento moderno.
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Este trabalho pretende analisar, a partir de algumas idéias centrais de Juana Elbein dos Santos, oconceitode comunidade, que é um de seus conceitos fundamentais.
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Pós-graduação em Ciência da Computação - IBILCE
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Since its discovery, radioactivity has brought numerous benefits to human societies. It has many applications in medicine, serving as a tool for non-invasive methods for diagnosis and therapies against diseases such as cancer. It also applies to technologies for energy in nuclear power plants with relatively low impacts on terms of perfect security. All applications, however, have risks, requiring maximum caution to drive processes and operations involving radioactive elements because, once released into the environment, they have extremely harmful effects on organisms affected. This paper presents fundamental concepts and principles of nuclear physics in order to understand the effects of radioactive elements released into the environment, culminating on the issue of radioactive contamination. Literature review allowed us to understand the radioactive contamination problem on living beings. Three major nuclear accidents have happened in the last thirty years, two of them in consecutive years. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine, in 1986, polluted large areas, condemning hundreds of thousands of people to live with consequences of the accident and effects of radiation, killing thousands of people throughout the years. In 1987, a major radiological accident occurred in Goiania (GO) when a source of radioactive cesium was violated, leading to the death of those who had direct or indirect contact with cesium. The most recent accident, in March, 2011, was located at the nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, after an earthquake and tsunami hit the region. There is no extensive and accurate knowledge about the consequences of the contamination entailed in that accident, although it is possible to verify signals on a global scale. An analysis of reports of contamination of large areas generated by nuclear plants with release of hazardous wastes suggests it is necessary to rethink the energy matrix of the various countries...