The Applicability of Two Strengths-based Systemic Psychotherapy Models for Young People Following Type 1 Trauma

This paper will consider the inter-relationship of a number of overlapping disciplinary theoretical concepts relevant to a strengths-based orientation, including well-being, salutogenesis, sense of coherence, quality of life and resilience. Psychological trauma will be referenced and the current evidence base for interventions with children and young people outlined and critiqued. The relational impact of trauma on family relationships is emphasised, providing a rationale for systemic psychotherapeutic interventions as part of a holistic approach to managing the effects of trauma. The congruence between second-order systemic psychotherapy models and a strengths-based philosophy is noted, with particular reference to solution-focused brief therapy and narrative therapy, and illustrated; via a description of the process of helping someone move from a victim position to a survivor identity using solution-focused brief therapy, and through a case example applying a narrative therapy approach to a teenage boy who suffered a serious assault. The benefits of a strength-based approach to psychological trauma for the clients and therapists will be summarised and a number of potential pitfalls articulated.

Relação escola/família:de que modo o educador pode proporcionar atividades que envolvam a família?

Relatório de estágio apresentado para a obtenção do grau de Mestre na Especialidade Profissional de Educação Pré-escolar. Orientador: Professor Ramiro Marques

O processo de herança na família envelhecida

A herança material é um tema fulcral para as pessoas idosas e suas famílias. No entanto, o conhecimento sobre este tema é ainda escasso. Este estudo tem por finalidade explorar o processo de transmissão da herança, analisar os significados e valores das heranças e suas implicações nas relações e bem-estar na velhice. Contempla o enquadramento da herança no ciclo da vida familiar, análise dos perfis de transmissão da herança, organização das relações de entreajuda entre doadores e herdeiros, explorações dos significados e valores dos bens materiais e aprofundamento dos significados e valores emocionais da herança para doadores e herdeiros. Os resultados sugerem que a herança material é um processo normativo no ciclo da vida familiar, constituindo um ponto focal para a reorganização das relações familiares e bem-estar emocional do idoso. O processo é governado por um sistema de significados e valores orientado para a união e lealdade familiar, reciprocidade da ajuda familiar e igualdade (entre irmãos/herdeiros). Este estudo apresenta limitações, sendo relevante melhorar e expandir os resultados através da análise de diferenças, considerando o sexo, classe socioeconómica, contexto de residência e estrutura familiar (nomeadamente, famílias reconstituídas, pessoas solteiras, casais sem filhos), bem como aprofundar a significação dos valores identificados.

Beyond "Witnessing": Childrens Experiences of Coercive Control in Domestic Violence and Abuse

Children’s experiences and voices are underrepresented in academic literature and professional practice around domestic violence and abuse. The project “Understanding Agency and Resistance Strategies” (UNARS) addresses this absence, through direct engagement with children. We present an analysis from interviews with 21 children in the United Kingdom (12 girls and 9 boys, aged 8-18 years), about their experiences of domestic violence and abuse, and their responses to this violence. These interviews were analyzed using interpretive interactionism. Three themes from this analysis are presented: (a) “Children’s experiences of abusive control,” which explores children’s awareness of controlling behavior by the adult perpetrator, their experience of that control, and its impact on them; (b) “Constraint,” which explores how children experience the constraint associated with coercive control in situations of domestic violence; and (c) “Children as agents,” which explores children’s strategies for managing controlling behavior in their home and in family relationships. The article argues that, in situations where violence and abuse occur between adult intimate partners, children are significantly affected, and can be reasonably described as victims of abusive control. Recognizing children as direct victims of domestic violence and abuse would produce significant changes in the way professionals respond to them, by (a) recognizing children’s experience of the impact of domestic violence and abuse; (b) recognizing children’s agency, undermining the perception of them as passive “witnesses” or “collateral damage” in adult abusive encounters; and (c) strengthening professional responses to them as direct victims, not as passive witnesses to violence.

O sofrimento profissional nos educadores de jovens e adultos

Trabalho de projecto de mestrado, Ciências da Educação (Formação de Adultos), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2011

Essa terra que tomo de conta : parentesco e territorialidade na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco

Tese de doutoramento, Antropologia (Antropologia do Parentesco e do Género), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 2014

No rastro de dores : trajetórias de vida e registros de superação em narrativas de mulheres negras com experiência de relações afetivo-sexuais com outras mulheres

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Antropologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Antropologia Social, 2015.

Prestadores de cuidados familiares a doentes com VIH/SIDA: perfil psico-emocional e social

RESUMO: Com o presente estudo pretendemos identificar a sobrecarga resultante do envolvimento familiar com os doentes portadores de VIH/SIDA. Numa breve introdução teórica, procedemos à revisão dos conceitos sobrecarga familiar e dos sentimentos/emoções vivenciados pelos prestadores de cuidados. Metodologia: Estudo do tipo descritivo e exploratório, com uma amostra de 51 indivíduos, cuja finalidade consiste na caracterização dos prestadores de cuidados familiares a doentes com VIH/SIDA. Objectivos: Identificar quem o doente com VIH/SIDA, considera ser a pessoa significativa nos cuidados informais. Caracterizar, do ponto de vista sócio-demográfico, os doentes e os prestadores de cuidados familiares. Identificar sentimentos e emoções de vivências, que justifiquem o sofrimento emocional e as repercussões na sobrecarga familiar nos prestadores de cuidados informais. Instrumentos: Na avaliação da sobrecarga familiar, utilizámos o Questionário de Problemas Familiares”- FPQ (Family Problemas Questionnaire). Para identificação dos Acontecimentos de Vida, adoptámos a escala de Holmes e Rahe (Life Events); Para identificação do estrato social escolhemos escala de Graffar. Finalmente, para a caracterização sócio-demografica concebemos dois questionários: um dirigido aos doentes e o outro aos prestadores de cuidados informais. Conclusões: A sobrecarga da doença VIH/SIDA, nos prestadores de cuidados familiares, não é uniforme nas diferentes dimensões. A dimensão sobrecarga subjectiva é superior à objectiva. O suporte social revela-se fraco, relacionado com as perdas familiares, devidas a morte, pelas relações familiares disfuncionais, entre os membros da família, pela falta de apoio e informação dos técnicos de saúde. O sexo feminino é predominante nos cuidadores. As mães e esposas são o grau de parentesco dominante. Os solteiros são o grupo mais afectado pelo VIH/SIDA. Os cuidadores apresentam idade superior à dos doentes. O estrato social preponderante é o médio baixo e o baixo. Os familiares, apesar da atitude negativa dos doentes perante os cuidadores, mantêm-se envolvidos. Segundo a avaliação multiaxial proposta pelo DM-IV, constatámos, ao nível do eixo I, sintomatologia clínica do tipo das perturbações depressivas e perturbações da ansiedade. No eixo IV, os cuidadores evidenciam problemas psicossociais e ambientais, nomeadamente nas categorias problemas com o grupo de apoio primário, problemas relacionados como grupo social, problemas educacionais, problemas de alojamento, problemas económicos. Os problemas relacionados com o grupo de apoio primário, são os que mais parecem contribuir para os problemas psicossociais e ambientais.---------------------------------------ABSTRACT: This study wants to describe several problems as a result of the family’s relationship with HIV/AIDS patients, like overload. In a brief theoric introduction, we made a small revision about the concepts of family’s overload, and feelings or emotions that have been lived by the people who provide cares to the patients with this chronic disease. Methodology: This is a describing and exploratory study, with a sample with 51 individuals, with the aim to characterize the people inside the family who give care HIV/AIDS patients. Aim: To identify who are the most important people in informal cares from the patient perspective. To characterize, in a social-demographic point of view, patients and the people who take care of them. To identify feelings and emotions that could explain an emotional suffer, and some causes in the family burden. Means: to evaluate the family’s overload we used the Family Problems Questionnaire (FPQ). To identify life events we adopted the Holmes and Rahe scale. To identify the social stratum we used the Graffer scale. Finally to do a socio-economic characterization we did two kinds of questionnaire, the first one was directed for the patients, and the second one was chosen for the people who give care. Conclusions: The HIV/AIDS disease burden on the people who takes familiar cares isn’t uniform on several areas that we studied. The subjective overload it is superior to the objective. The social support is weak and poor, and related with family losses by dead, dysfunctional family relationships, and the lack of support and information by the medical staff. Mothers and wives are the dominant relative degree. And the singles are the major group with HIV/AIDS disease. The people who take care are usually older than the sick. The major social status is low or medium-low. The relatives keep evolved though the negative attitude of the sick. According with the evaluation multiaxial proposed by the DM-IV, in axle 1 we note clinic sintomatologic belonging to the type depressive perturbations and perturbations of the anxiety. Regarding with axle IV the caretakers show up psycho-social and environmental problems, namely on the categories: problems with the primary support group and problems related as social group, educational problems, accommodation problems and.

A obrigação alimentar

There is an undeniable link between child support and scholarship, under article 1880 of the portuguese Civil Code. Of course, by being within family relationships, such link could not be out of controversy. At a time when the continuation of studies is more and more urgent, this link between the two, is often subject of disputes, especially resultant from the interpretation of the law, due to the wide extension that it is entitle to; and many times is also insufficient to the most interested people – the youngsters that want to study. Regardless of the imprecision that rules under article 1880 of the portuguese Civil Code, this article reveals a huge importance by enabling young adults and students to continue their studies, with the financial help from their parents - the responsibility of the parents with the support of their children should have ended by the time they have become legal adults, but it is extended by this article, once the criteria is filled, especially related to the reasonableness of what is required to the parents and the temporal duration of the education chosen. That is, considering that reaching adulthood does not cease the duty of support from the parents, it is important to know how much can parents provide to their children, bearing in mind their income and the child’s and his/her needs, behavior and the intellectual capacity of the child as a student and also the parent-child relationship; and, until when is such support due, taking in to account several circumstances of life and the difficulties inherent to the degree chosen and even the extension of the studies to a master or to a PhD degree that justifies the extension of the parent’s duty. Anyway, the application of article 1880 of the portuguese Civil Code is always based on a case by case analysis and on the economic insufficient of the youngsters to suffice themselves and the simultaneous desire to continue their studies.

De mãos dadas com a escola:a participação dos encarregados de educação do 2.º ciclo da Escola EB 2,3 Barbosa du Bocage

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Sociais na especialidade de Sociologia

An exploration of intergenerational exchanges between grandparents and their older grandcildren

Changes within the family unit have resulted in changes in interactions between grandparents and older grandchildren. Existing research indicates that these relationships can result in positive outcomes. A relevant task for researchers is to continue to explore th~se intergenerational relationships. This qualitative phenomenological study explores the question: What functional patterns exist when grandparents interact with older grandchildren? Six grandparent-older grandchild pairs agreed to be involved. Kennedy's (1992) formulation of grandparent-older grandchild activity clusters was reviewed and revised. Activities were clustered related to socialization, companionship, support, entertainment, and education. Findings unique to this study indicate that shared activities were mutually chosen with consideration of activity tolerance, and were consistently evaluated as enjoyable. Partners were chosen because of a comfortable relationship established through frequent past and present interactions, and not because of family lineage preferences. Both grandparents and older grandchildren stated a desire to have a generation peer share activities with them. Exploration of dimension concepts for the "McMaster Model of Family Functioning" indicated that these relationships have potential to contribute to healthy family functioning. The implications for practice, theory development and further research are suggested.

L'émergence des limites à la liberté de tester en droit québécois : étude socio-juridique de la production du droit

"Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de docteur en droit (LL.D.)". Cette thèse a été acceptée à l'unanimité et classée parmi les 10% des thèses de la discipline.

De l'aide au lien : des enfants adultes nous parlent de leurs parents âgés

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux parents âgés et à l’implication de leurs enfants adultes lorsque le besoin d’aide se fait sentir. Plus précisément, il s’agit ici de comprendre la signification que les enfants adultes attribuent à ce qu’ils considèrent comme un besoin d’aide de la part de leur parent âgé. Elle s’inscrit à la croisée de trois champs sociologiques : le vieillissement, les relations et solidarités familiales, les aides aux personnes âgées dépendantes. La démarche a consisté, d’une part, à repérer dans le récit que nous livrent des enfants adultes à propos de leurs parents, les significations accordées de part et d’autre à ce qui peut apparaître, ou non, comme un besoin d’aide ; d’autre part, à approfondir la réflexion sur l’évolution complexe du lien entre les parents âgés et leurs enfants, dès lors que la frontière entre ce que l’on appelle « autonomie » et « dépendance » apparaît éminemment subjective. Trois questions spécifiques sont posées. Premièrement, comment les enfants conçoivent-ils l’autonomie de leur parent ? Comment parlent-ils de cette autonomie ? Deuxièmement, en quoi les types d’aide apportés aux parents considérés comme « autonomes » diffèrent-ils de ceux apportés aux parents considérés « en perte d’autonomie » ? Troisièmement, dans quelle mesure la proximité résidentielle entre les parents âgés et leurs enfants répond-elle à un type de besoin spécifique et/ou traduit-elle un type de lien particulier entre ceux-ci ? La méthodologie privilégiée est celle de l’analyse de discours. Les résultats mettent en évidence trois éléments. Premièrement, le caractère éminemment subjectif des notions d’aide et de besoin d’aide, lorsqu’ils s’inscrivent dans une relation parent âgé / enfant adulte, en particulier dès que ce parent âgé apparaît comme étant potentiellement en perte d’autonomie. Deuxièmement, la grande plasticité de cette notion d’autonomie que l’on invoque, ou non, lorsqu’il est question d’apporter de l’aide au parent âgé : on n’aide pas forcément moins un parent considéré comme autonome qu’un autre étiqueté comme étant en perte d’autonomie. Troisièmement, l’imbrication étroite des statuts de fils/filles d’une part, et d’aidant(e), d’autre part, faisant en sorte qu’il est difficile de démêler les différents ordres de motivation qui interviennent tant dans les discours que dans les pratiques d’adultes « aidant » leur parent âgé.

Exposition à la violence conjugale et adaptation de l’enfant : analyse des variables médiatrices et examen des profils individuels

L’exposition à la violence conjugale est une forme répandue de mauvais traitement psychologique envers l’enfant dont les conséquences néfastes sont maintenant bien connues. Les enfants ne sont pas tous affectés de la même manière par la violence conjugale et peuvent présenter différents profils d’adaptation. Des recherches de plus en plus nombreuses suggèrent l’importance de variables médiatrices qui permettent d’établir le lien entre l’exposition à la violence conjugale et l’adaptation de l’enfant. Toutefois, peu d’études permettent encore de préciser les relations entre ces variables, ni de connaître la pertinence de ces variables pour un profil d’adaptation particulier. Cette thèse, comprenant deux études empiriques, visait deux objectifs principaux. La première étude avait pour objectif d’examiner les liens entre le point de vue de l’enfant sur la violence conjugale et sur ses relations familiales, deux facteurs reconnus comme des médiateurs entre la violence conjugale et l’adaptation de l’enfant. Il était prévu que le point de vue de l’enfant sur la violence, pouvant se refléter par le blâme que l’enfant s’attribue pour la violence, sa perception de menace et sa peur d’être abandonné par ses parents, prédit son point de vue sur ses relations familiales, étudié sous l’angle de la parentification et des conflits de loyauté de l’enfant. Cette étude a été menée auprès de 79 enfants âgés de 8 à 12 ans et vivant avec leur mère dans un refuge pour femmes violentées. Les résultats révèlent que le blâme et la peur d’abandon prédisent la parentification et que la peur d’abandon prédit aussi les conflits de loyauté. L’objectif de la deuxième étude était de dégager des profils d’adaptation parmi les enfants exposés à la violence conjugale et d’identifier les facteurs qui leur sont associés. Ces facteurs renvoient à l’expérience de violence de l’enfant, à son point de vue sur la violence, à la qualité de la relation mère-enfant et à la parentification. Cette étude a été menée auprès de 116 enfants âgés entre 8 et 12 ans vivant en maison d’hébergement pour femmes victimes de violence conjugale ou fréquentant d’autres organismes offrant des services aux familles confrontées à la violence conjugale. Les résultats révèlent la présence de quatre profils d’adaptation : troubles extériorisés seulement, troubles intériorisés seulement, troubles à la fois extériorisés et intériorisés et absence de problème apparent. Ces quatre profils se distinguent selon la présence d’abus physique envers l’enfant, la qualité de la relation mère-enfant, le point de vue de l’enfant sur la violence et le degré de parentification de l’enfant. Les résultats sont discutés en fonction de l’apport respectif des parents et de l’enfant dans le développement de la parentification et des conflits de loyauté chez l’enfant exposé à la violence conjugale. La discussion souligne également la variabilité des manifestations de la détresse des enfants exposés à la violence conjugale. Les facteurs associés aux différents profils d’adaptation laissent entrevoir les besoins des enfants appartenant à un profil particulier et permettent de suggérer des liens entre ces facteurs.

L’abandon du traitement de jeunes toxicomanes ayant séjourné en communauté thérapeutique et leur condition post-traitement

De nombreux jeunes sont aux prises avec un problème de consommation de substances psychoactives. Bien que plusieurs traitements soient reconnus efficaces, les taux d’abandon chez les jeunes toxicomanes sont élevés et cela influence leur condition post-traitement. L’identification des caractéristiques des jeunes liés à l’abandon et à la condition post-traitement est donc nécessaire pour permettre d’adapter nos interventions en fonction des besoins des jeunes. La relation entre l’abandon du traitement ainsi que la condition post-traitement et diverses caractéristiques prétraitement a été examinée chez un échantillon de 215 clients adolescents admis à Portage entre 2003 et 2008, évalués avec l’instrument Indice de gravité d’une toxicomanie pour les adolescents (Germain, Landry, & Bergeron, 2003, 1999). Les relations entre l’abandon du traitement et des variables concernant leur consommation, leur état de santé, leurs problématiques liées à leurs occupations, leur état psychologique, leurs difficultés vécues auprès des proches et dans la famille ainsi que leurs difficultés socio-judiciaires ont été testées. Ces mêmes variables ont été utilisées pour chercher à prédire la condition post-traitement. Les régressions logistiques montrent qu’un premier séjour en communauté thérapeutique et les difficultés interpersonnelles prédisent l’abandon du traitement. Une fois les analyses réalisées de façon séparée selon le sexe, ces relations ne demeurent significatives que pour les filles. Les résultats des régressions linéaires multiples réalisées pour étudier la condition post-traitement ne permettent pas de retrouver les variables prévisionnelles rapportées dans les écrits scientifiques pour les clientèles adultes. Des questions sont soulevées quant à la pertinence de l’Indice de gravité d’une toxicomanie pour les adolescents (Germain, Landry, & Bergeron, 2003, 1999) pour prédire l’abandon et la condition post-traitement.