English as a medium of instruction in teaching other languages: attitudes and practices

Internationalisation of HE and emergence of English as a global academic lingua franca used by people who share neither a common native tongue nor cultural and educational background have not only offered more opportunities but also raised challenges. According to recent European surveys, the percentage of pupils attaining the level of independent user in English varies from 14% to 82%, which evidences the potential and the complexity for English as a medium of instruction at tertiary level. This study aims to present the model of foreign language instruction at Vytautas Magnus University where one third of 30 languages are taught through English. It investigates the attitudes and practices of teachers in delivering their English-medium language courses by discussing the questions whether teaching other languages through English is psychologically, culturally and educationally preferable for teachers and students, whether it can limit the content taught and require a special methodology, how the teaching process changes with multiple languages used in the classroom and what level of English is necessary for teachers and students to ensure high quality of English-medium language teaching. The study is based on qualitative methodology with 12 language teachers participating as respondents. The results reveal areas in need of improvement.

R��parations dans l���interaction en fran��ais lingua franca

Nykyp��iv��n�� yh�� yleisempi�� ovat tilanteet, joissa ihmiset joutuvat viestim����n muun kuin oman ��idinkielens�� v��lityksell��. T��llaisissa kommunikaatiotilanteissa v��litt��j��kieleksi valitusta kielest�� k��ytet����n nimityst�� <i>lingua franca</i>. T��ss�� tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kahta nauhoitettua ja litteroitua keskustelua, joissa ranska toimii lingua francana. Tarkemmin sanottuna tutkimuskohteena ovat keskustelussa esiintyv��t korjausjaksot. <i>Korjausj��sennys</i> viittaa keinoihin, joiden avulla keskustelijat pystyv��t ratkaisemaan puhumisessa, kuulemisessa tai ymm��rt��misess�� esiin tulevia ongelmia. Tavoitteena on p����osin keskustelunanalyysin tarjoamin keinoin kuvailla millaisia korjausjaksoja keskustelussa esiintyy: kuka aloittaa ja lopettaa korjauksen, mit�� korjataan ja miten. Tavoitteena on my��s tarkastella statusten ja erilaisten diskursiivisten paikkojen jakautumista puhujien kesken korjausjaksojen aikana. Tutkimus osoitti, ett�� yleisin korjaustyyppi keskusteluissa oli puhujan itse aloittamat ja lopettamat korjausjaksot <i>(self-initiated self repair)</i>, kun taas toisen aloittamia, mutta puhujan itse lopettamia korjauksia <i>(other-initiated self-repair)</i> ei aineistossa esiintynyt ainuttakaan. Aineisto sis��lsi my��s jonkun verran muun tyyppisi�� korjauksia kuten sanahakuja ja toisen puhujan kokonaan tekemi�� suoria korjauksia <i>(other-correction)</i>. Suurin osa korjausjaksoista oli melko lyhyit��, vuoron sis��ll�� loppuun saatettuja korjauksia. Korjauksen kohteetkin vaihtelivat paljon: erilaiset vuoron rakentamiseen liittyv��t korjaukset olivat yleisimpi��, mutta puhujat korjasivat my��s esimerkiksi kielivirheit�� ja informaatiota. Statusten ja diskursiivisten paikkojen analyysi osoitti, ett�� tutkituissa keskusteluissa korostuivat suurimman osan ajasta puhujien keskin��inen tasa-arvoisuus ja yhteisty��. Tietyntyyliset korjausjaksot ��� kuten sanahaut sek�� toisen puhujan tekem��t kielelliset korjaukset ��� toivat esiin lyhyesti my��s puhujien statukset syntyper��isin��/eisyntyper��isin�� puhujina, mutta t��ll��ink����n roolijako ei ollut itsest����n selv��, vaan se neuvoteltiin puhujien kesken. My��s muut statukset saattoivat ilmet�� ja joutua neuvoteltaviksi keskusteluissa. Tutkimuksen perusteella voidaan p����tell��, ett�� huolimatta tietojen ja taitojen kirjosta, tutkituissa ���ranska lingua francana��� -keskusteluissa tasa-arvoisuus ja yhteisty�� korostuvat. T��t�� p����telm���� tukevat niin itse aloitettujen ja lopetettujen korjausten m����r��, kuin korjausj��sennysten yhteydess�� neuvotellut diskursiiviset paikatkin ja n��iden heijastamat statukset.

L'ensenyament de l'angl��s ��s l'ensenyament d'una lingua franca. 'La ense��anza del ingl��s es la ense��anza de una lengua franca'.

Resumen basado en el autor en catal��n

Formula Zero: Traduzione trilingue inglese-italiano-spagnolo di un policy statement sulla sicurezza stradale della Federazione Internazionale dell'Automobile (FIA)

The aim of this dissertation is to provide a trilingual translation from English into Italian and from Italian into Spanish of a policy statement from the F��d��ration Internationale de l���Automobile (FIA) regarding road safety. The document, named ���Formula Zero: a strategy for reducing fatalities and injuries on track and road���, was published in June 2000 and involves an approach about road safety inspired by another approach introduced in Sweden called ���Vision Zero���. This work consists of six sections. The first chapter introduces the main purposes and activities of the Federation, as well as the institutions related to it and Vision Zero. The second chapter presents the main lexical, morphosyntactic and stylistic features of the institutional texts and special languages. In particular, the text contains technical nomenclature of transports and elements of sport language, especially regarding motor sport and Formula One. In the third chapter, the methodology is explained, with all the resources used during the preliminary phase and the translation, including corpora, glossaries, expert consultancy and specialised sites. The fourth chapter focuses on the morphosyntactic and terminology features contained in the text, while the fifth chapter presents the source text and the target texts. The final chapter deals with all the translation strategies that are applied, alongside with all the challenging elements detected. Therefore, the dissertation concludes with some theoretical and practical considerations about the role of inverse translation and English as Lingua Franca (ELF), by comparing the text translated into Spanish to the original in English, using Italian as a lingua franca.

A variationist approach to the examination of insertion and deletion of /h/ in Kosraean English

I report on language variation in the unresearched variety of English emerging on Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia. English is spoken as the inter-island lingua franca throughout Micronesia and has been the official language of FSM since gaining its independence in 1986, though still retaining close ties with the US through and economic ���compact��� agreement. I present here an analysis of a corpus of over 90 Kosraean English speakers, compiled during a three month fieldwork trip to the island in the Western Pacific. The 45 minute sociolinguistically sensitive recordings are drawn from a corpus of old and young, with varying levels of education and occupations, and off-island experiences. In the paper I analyse two variables. The first variable is the realisation of /h/, often subject to deletion in both L1 and L2 varieties of English. Such occurrences are commonly associated with Cockney English, but also found in Caribbean English and the postcolonial English of Australia. For example: ��� Male, 31: yeah I build their house their local huts and they pay me /h/ deletion is frequent in Kosraean English, but, perhaps expectedly, occurs slightly less among people with higher contact with American English, through having spent longer periods off island. The second feature under scrutiny is the variable epenthesis of [h] to provide a consonantal onset to vowel-initial syllables. ��� Male, 31: that guy is really hold now This practice is also found beyond Kosraean English. Previous studies find h-epenthesis arising in L1 varieties including Newfoundland and Tristan de Cunha English, while similar manifestations are identified in Francophone L2 learners of English. My variationist statistical analysis has shown [h] insertion: ��� to disproportionately occur intervocalically; ��� to be constrained by both speaker gender and age: older males are much more likely to epenthesis [h] in their speech; ��� to be more likely in the onset of stressed as opposed to unstressed syllables. In light of the findings of my analysis, I consider the relationship between h-deletion and h-epenthesis, the plausibility of hypercorrection as a motivation for the variation, and the potential influence of the substrate language, alongside sociolinguistic factors such as attitudes towards the US based on mobility. The analysis sheds light on the extent to which different varieties share this characteristic and the comparability of them in terms of linguistic constraints and attributes. Clarke, S. (2010). Newfoundland and Labrador English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Hackert, S. (2004). Urban Bahamian Creole: System and Variation. Varieties of English Around the World G32. Amsterdam: Benjamins Milroy, J. (1983). On the Sociolinguistic History of H-dropping in English in Current topics in English historical linguistics: Odense UP

La justice coop��rative comme th��orie normative pour la cr��ation d'une lingua franca paneurop��enne

M��moire num��ris�� par la Direction des biblioth��ques de l'Universit�� de Montr��al.

La justice coop��rative comme th��orie normative pour la cr��ation d'une lingua franca paneurop��enne

M��moire num��ris�� par la Direction des biblioth��ques de l'Universit�� de Montr��al.

The Impact of Global English in Xinjiang, China: Linguistic Capital and Identity Negotiation among the Ethnic Minority and Han Chinese Students

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Aviation English: una lingua per volare Analisi linguistica della comunicazione in aviazione civile

La tesi si propone l'obiettivo di esaminare le caratteristiche della lingua dell'aviazione, il cosiddetto Aviation English (AE), rivolgendo un'attenzione particolare alle dinamiche delle interazioni verbali che avvengono tra piloti e controllori del traffico aereo. A partire da un breve excursus sui diversi tipi di linguaggi, da quelli specialistici alle lingue controllate, si cercher�� di fornire una chiara definizione dell'AE, delineando gli aspetti che lo rendono una vera e propria lingua e non una semplice variet�� di inglese. La tesi passer�� in rassegna tutte le convenzioni e le regole che compongono questa lingua e che rendono la comunicazione in volo efficace a livello internazionale. Si vedr�� anche come la comunicazione in aviazione sia suscettibile a molti fattori linguistici (e non), il che comporta per gli operatori del settore, l'obbligo di conoscerla a fondo, pi�� della loro stessa lingua madre. In conclusione, si eseguir�� un'analisi conversazionale di una comunicazione terra-bordo-terra realmente avvenuta in un'emergenza. Pi�� precisamente, si tratta dell'estratto del volo US Airways 1549, diventato famoso come "il miracolo dell'Hudson". Questo permetter�� di mettere in risalto le regole dell'AE, applicate in un caso concreto, quanto singolare, e notare come queste siano efficaci nel gestire, a livello comunicativo e operativo, gli imprevisti.

El predom��nio del ingl��s en el lenguaje cient��fico: caracter��sticas del lenguaje m��dico espa��ol en la actualidad

Sin lugar a dudas, el ingl��s se ha convertido en las ��ltimas d��cadas en la lingua franca de la comunidad cient��fica internacional, desplazando incluso a otras lenguas que tuvieron una gran importancia en otras ��pocas, caso del franc��s o del alem��n. El lenguaje cient��fico espa��ol tambi��n ha sucumbido a esta entrada masiva del ingl��s en las distintas disciplinas cient��fico-t��cnicas, y presenta desde hace unas d��cadas ciertas caracter��sticas que no son propias de las reglas gramaticales del espa��ol y que son el fruto de una contaminaci��n ling����stica derivada de la penetraci��n del ingl��s. El objetivo del presente art��culo es analizar las caracter��sticas del lenguaje m��dico tal y como lo podemos encontrar en las publicaciones espa��olas actuales. Para ello, el art��culo se divide en tres apartados: en primer lugar, haremos un breve recorrido por la historia del lenguaje m��dico como punto de partida para comprender la evoluci��n de este lenguaje. En segundo lugar, analizaremos las caracter��sticas principales dentro de los niveles l��xicosem��ntico, morfosint��ctico y fon��tico-fonol��gico del lenguaje m��dico espa��ol y veremos la influencia que ha tenido el ingl��s en el proceso de evoluci��n del mismo. En tercer lugar, examinaremos los procedimientos de creaci��n y formaci��n de t��rminos m��dicos y c��mo afectan al desarrollo ling����stico de la terminolog��a.

Linguistic skills and trust creation in international business relationships

Today���s international business in highly related to crossing national, cultural and linguistic borders making communication and linguistic skills a vital part of the trade. The purpose of the study is to understand the role of linguistic skills in trust creation in international business relationships. Subobjectives are to discuss the importance of linguistic skills in international business context, to evaluate the strategic value of trust in business relationships and to analyze the extent to which linguistic skills affect trust formation. The scope is restricted to business-to-business markets. The theoretical background consists of different theories and previous studies related to trust and linguistic skills. Based on the theory a new LTS-framework is created to demonstrate a process model of linguistic skills affecting trust creation in international B2B relationships. This study is qualitative using interviews as a data collection method. Altogether eleven interviews were conducted between October 2014 and February 2015. All of the interviewees worked for organizations operating in the field of international business in B2B markets, spoke multiple languages and had a lot of experience in sales and negotiations. This study confirms that linguistic skills are an important part of international business. In many organizations English is used as lingua franca. However, there are several benefits of speaking the mother tongue of the customer. It makes people feel more relaxed and it makes the relationship more intimate and allows to continue developing it at a more personal level. From the strategic point of view trust creates competitive advantage to a company adding strategic value to the business. The data also supported the view that linguistic skills definitely impact the trust formation process. Quickness and easiness could be stated as the main benefits. It was seen that trust forms faster because both parties understand each other better and they become more open about information sharing within a shorter period of time. These findings and the importance of linguistic skills in trust creation should be acknowledged by organizations, especially regarding the human resource management. Boundary spanners are in key positions so special attention should be put into hiring and educating employees which then take care of company���s relationships. Eventually, these benefits are economical and affect to the profitability of the organization

Aprender ingl��s como segunda l��ngua : a import��ncia do dom��nio de outras l��nguas num mundo globalizado

���Aprender ingl��s como segunda l��ngua ��� A import��ncia do Dom��nio de outras l��nguas num mundo globalizado��� �� um trabalho de investiga����o que visa abordar a import��ncia da aprendizagem da l��ngua inglesa na perspetiva dos alunos no final do 3�� Ciclo do Ensino B��sico e tendo em conta o mundo globalizado em que vivemos. A metodologia a aplicar �� do tipo descritivo. Os sujeitos s��o 101 alunos do 9�� ano de escolaridade do Ensino B��sico, pertencentes ao Col��gio Vasco da Gama, perfazendo cinco turmas. Para ter acesso ��s opini��es dos alunos, recorremos �� elabora����o de question��rios estruturados de acordo com os objetivos da investiga����o. Os question��rios foram aplicados em aula com a devida autoriza����o da Dire����o do Col��gio. Procuramos apurar se, de acordo com a legisla����o europeia que valoriza a aprendizagem de v��rias l��nguas como forma de aproximar os v��rios pa��ses da comunidade, nomeadamente de uma l��ngua franca que possa ser o meio de comunica����o preferencial no mundo pol��tico, econ��mico, social e cultural, os alunos valorizam a aquisi����o da l��ngua estrangeira e em caso afirmativo, quais as fun����es e com que objetivos pretendem os alunos atingir a flu��ncia na l��ngua inglesa. No que diz respeito aos resultados obtidos, podemos afirmar que os alunos valorizam o dom��nio de outras l��nguas num mundo globalizado, em especial o dom��nio da l��ngua inglesa visto ser considerada a l��ngua franca internacional que permite a comunica����o entre povos de diferentes l��nguas maternas. Tamb��m o enriquecimento cultural e o desenvolvimento da criatividade s��o fatores apontados pelos alunos como importantes consequ��ncias da aquisi����o de outras l��nguas.

Production of definite and indefinite articles in typically developing English-speaking children and children with SLI

The present paper examines the production of definite and indefinite articles in English-speaking typically developing (TD) children and children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). Twenty four English-speaking children with SLI (mean age: 7;5), twenty nine TD age-matched (TD-AM) children (mean age: 7;5) and eleven younger (mean age: 5;5) TD vocabulary-matched (TD-VM) children participated in a production task involving short stories without picture props based on Schafer and de Villiers (2000). Article production was examined in two different semantic contexts for the definite article, namely in the anaphoric and the bridging context. In the anaphoric condition, definiteness is established via linguistic means, whereas in the bridging condition via shared world knowledge. Indefinite article production was examined in the referential specific, non-referential predicational, and non-referential instrumental contexts. The referential specific context involves [+speaker, ���hearer] knowledge and the non-referential predicational and instrumental [���speaker, ���hearer] knowledge. Results showed that in the definite article contexts, all three groups performed better on the bridging compared with the anaphoric condition; in the indefinite article contexts, they had better performance on the non-referential predicational vs. the referential specific and the non-referential instrumental conditions. In terms of errors, the TD-VM children and the children with SLI produced significantly more substitutions than the TD-AM children in the definite article contexts. In the indefinite article contexts, the three groups did not differ in terms of accuracy or error patterns. The present results point towards problems in the discourse integration of entities that are part of the speaker's and hearer's knowledge in children with SLI and TD-VM controls, especially in definite articles. These problems are accentuated in the children with SLI due to their grammatical impairment and suggest that children with SLI exhibit a delayed acquisition profile.

���Action Research into Pre-sessional Students' Differentiation of Assessments: Using Findings to Improve Courses���

Conference proceedings papaer in Whong, M. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2007 BALEAP conference: English in a globalising world: English as an academic lingua franca,. Bern: Peter Lang.