Estratégias e adjacências: revisitando conceituações

Este artigo analisa a conceituação do termo estratégias, comparando-o com termos próximos, tais como táticas, habilidades, processos e planos, no contexto de ensino de leitura em língua estrangeira; discute os conceitos de estratégias de aprendizagem e estratégias comunicativas; aponta para um certo consenso sob as definições discutidas e enfatiza procedimentos conscientes guiados pelo professor, visando à compreensão da língua escrita.

A face quantitativa da linguagem: um dicionário de freqüências do português

O Dicionário de Freqüências do léxico do português brasileirocontemporâneo baseou-se num corpus de língua escrita, variedade brasileirade 5 milhões de palavras (1950 a 1990). Alguns resultados quantitativos:apenas 42.212 unidades léxicas diferentes totalizaram os 5 milhões de ocorrênciasdo corpus, excluídos topónimos e antropônimos. Os dados estatísticosdo dicionário registram altíssima freqüência das palavras instrumentais(artigos, preposições, pronomes, conjunções etc.) bem como de verbos auxiliarese modalizadores. O mesmo ocorre com palavras de significação muito geral, arquilexemas, altamente polissêmicos. Na vertente oposta estão as palavras de baixa freqüência sobretudo os hapax legomena, que contribuemmaciçamente para o total de 42.212 lexias registradas neste corpus. De fato,as palavras de baixa freqüência totalizam grande parte desse index verborum;caso contrário, o repertório vocabular seria muito menor. A categoria substantivo contribui com a maioria de vocábulos que ocorreram apenas uma vez no corpus, assim como os tecnicismos da linguagem científica. O vocabulário jornalístico é o mais neutro e o menos temático, constituindo uma espéciede média entre os outros gêneros de linguagem.

Cidadania e justiça no fórum Índio Pataxó: a comunicação via Internet como fonte de pesquisa

Como parte do projeto A comunicação via Internet como material de pesquisa: a construção dos dados para uma abordagem transdisciplinar, este trabalho visa discutir, a partir da análise de um fórum de discussão recentemente veiculado na Internet - o do índio Pataxó - , como se constituem diferentes discursos acerca da cidadania e da justiça na sociedade brasileira.

Cartas pessoais entre crianças brasileiras, portuguesas e angolanas

This article analyzes the data resultant of the accomplishment, between 2008 and 2009, of an extension and research project on the international exchange of letters between teachers and students from elementary schools in the towns of Garça and Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil, with a school in the city of Azaruja, Portugal and another in the city of Luanda, Angola. It was developed by a team of students and teachers, UNESP, Marília, in order to promote the exchange via personal letters for that students, between 8 and 9 years old, could take possession of the written language, in this case Portuguese, and understand it as an instrument steeped in culture. The choice of this kind in the world of the epistolary genre was made because it promotes the participation of the Other in the configuration of dialogic relations in the elaboration of the statements, taken as a reference in a Bakhtinian conception of language. It aimed to (1) point, in the letters exchanged between teachers and students between the Portuguese, Brazilians and Angolans in the early years, the evidence of authorship linguistic behavior that could signal the beginning of autonomy in the use of the written modality of language, or signs of submissive behavior; (2) reveal the cultural content of language tools used to construct indicators listed on the customs of each people, including those constituting school doings. For the generation of data were used principles of action research, which enabled direct action, along with Brazilian teachers, and indirectly, in the case of the foreign teachers. From the analysis of the corpus of research - letters exchanged between teachers and students - it is clear that the appropriation of language as a speech act realized in human relations makes the old personal correspondence a powerful instrument of development in the area of the written language.

O texto pluricódigo da poesia visual

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Se (eu) não me engano... condicionalidade na modalização?

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Usos não-padrão das estratégias de relativização no português brasileiro: hipercorreção e estilo

This study focuses on the current use of the relative pronoun qual and variants or alternatives (o/os/a/as/ qual/quais, preceded or not by prepositions) in Brazilian Portuguese concerning mainly on the phenomenon of hypercorrection. As a theoretical basis, it was used the study of William Labov about the phenomenon and also the rules of use of this pronoun present in both traditional grammars and linguistic studies. It was performed a qualitative analysis of a corpus of written language with the intention of describing the different uses of the pronoun, and looking for their possible motivations. There were also found different types of occurrences of hypercorrection, which has led to propose a scale of uses of this relative pronoun, which reveals an increasing loss of its functions towards an use as an index of prestige. It discusses also the stylistic factor as a potential motivator of this phenomenon

A leitura na perspectiva de Bakhtin e suas possibilidades na formação do leitor: na educação infantil e no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental

Overall, in Brazilian schools, the concept of reading does not take into account its possibilities and its meaning for life. But read is assigning meaning to something , make sense, interact with the text read. Thus, the present study addresses the mechanical reading, that without contextualization, performed on a technique by joining letters and syllables loose and also reading social use, consisting of statements, dialogism , polyphony and heteroglossy. It is known that the mechanical reading brings undesirable consequences, including learning problems, such as lack of attention, concentration, memory, imagination. When the reading is taught in a systematic way, with only the goal of the code decoding of written language, destroys social perspectives and intellectual development. It is common, when you offer the children a book, there the difficult disinterest of textual interpretation, because there is no attribute meaning to the content, and even the ability to interact with the text. With the interest in studying the dialogic reading this and the statements and genres, the present study was based on several authors: Bakhtin (1988, 2000), Schneuwly and Dolz (2000), Faraco (2009) and Ponzio (2009) Jolibert (1994), Bajard (2002; 2007) Foucambert (1997) Martins ( 1985) and Smith ( 1999). Aim for this study the following research question: what are the contributions of Mikhail Bakhtin's theory to the teaching of reading from kindergarten through the first grade of elementary school? Our hypothesis is that if they are guaranteed to pre -school and elementary school beginners diversified materials and new approaches in teaching reading and encouragement to her, will be developed in children a taste for the act of reading, so that they can assign meaning and significance, making reading part of their lives...

Práticas dialógicas em sala de aula: condição fundante do sujeito letrado

This research intend to situate the process of literacy as a practice interlocutive acquisition of written language, through which students interact with each other and the teacher, and through these interactions are constituted as a subject of dialogue and history. So he had as an aim to investigate through the key concepts of dialogism Bakhtin and discourse analysis, the possibilities of teaching and learning of reading and writing, using language in use, showing the dialogical practices in order to demonstrate that the verbal interactions that result from the actual discursive situations, actually originated in the classroom, from working with the genre can guide the teaching of reading and writing and its social use. Therefore, I base this research on the methodological framework of literature and field. This takes place in view of observed teaching practice related to the early years of literacy and, therefore, to investigate such activities are carried out that reading and writing during the teaching of mother tongue, as are utilized practices of orality and literacy in room classroom and, even if the teacher makes use of this type of language for the acquisition of written language. The results of analysis of data collected by the instruments used, namely, questionnaires, systematic observation and textual production of the students, point to the fact that the literacy teaching practices, classroom researched are far from forming a student literate because the fact of the teachers surveyed knew not the key content for teaching the language, means that they will lead to literacy, from the point of view of language as a monologic process.

Inclusão escolar de um aluno com autismo: descrevendo práticas de alfabetização em uma escola pública - ciclo I

Learning the written language has been the subject of research and study of various sciences in recent decades, in the same way that inclusion in regular education of students with disabilities such as autism, also has been the subject of discussions in the academic and even political. However, it can be observed that these two topics are disjointed, despite the importance of ownership of the system of writing by students with autism, because that would be a way to facilitate social interaction, which is the principal difficulty of this students. This research intend to describe the inclusion process of a student with autism into a common room of the initial years, in a public school, observing which are the strategies used by the teacher in the literacy process, as well as analyze the collaborative process developed by the researcher. The methodology was a qualitative and collaborative research, the kind of case study. The participants were a teacher and her students, from the cycle I of Primary School of a public school, among which, one is diagnosed with autism. The instruments used to the data’s analysis were interviews, with the teacher and the mother of the student with autism; the written productions of the student during the research; camp diary; and the observations made during the research. To the interventions, were used alternative practices, including material production (a mobile alphabet and a album of photos), that make more easy the process of literacy, The results showed the great difficulty in performing the interventions in a collaborative process, considering that in the observations, it was found that the practices of this teacher were traditional, and also there was no planning, on her part, content to be deal with the students. Otherwise, related to the development of the autism student’s written language, it could be seen like a breakthrough, have in...

A produção de texto no ensino fundamental: uma experiência pedagógica

From a diagnostic on the learning of written text, this research aimed to carry out educational activities aimed at textual production, performing operation and activity of reflection on texts written by students in a learning situation of parallel recovery, aiming to improve the standard textuality of his written production. These actions were guided from the conception of language as social practice and discourse and, later, a survey was made in the standard of textuality textual productions resulting from such actions. 5 students participated in the research of a 4th grade of elementary school, a School of Duartina peripheral zone integrating the local school system of that city. The textual productions written by these students were analyzed from three categories: common mistakes in the process of literacy, with subdivisions: phonetic transcription, dialetação, hollow hipossegmentação or vocabulary, or improper separation hiperssegmentação, overcorrection, exchange, omission or addition letters, phonemes homorganic exchange; factors textual and contextual, in which it reviewed the following factors: coherence, cohesion and story elements, clarity, in which category were analyzed: the segmentation of text into paragraphs, grammar errors of different nature, use of direct and indirect speech. The results of the intervention and ongoing analysis of data shows that there has been considered developments in the performance of the written production of the research subjects

A prática curricular e as tecnologias nas escolas municipais e estaduais: desafios e possibilidades

In order to ensure the teaching and learning process of written and spoken language, the state government of São Paulo established as the official curriculum Read and Write Program (2007) and EMAI (2012). In municipal elementary schools in Bauru SP, since 2013, went into action the Common curriculum, targeting a unified curriculum. The curriculum has a wide range of definitions, which vary according to the conception of the authors, as well as its practice can occur of different ways resulting from the worldview and teacher's work. So, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between the curriculum of state and municipal schools in Bauru regarding its articulation with the use of technology in the early years of elementary school, opposing proposal curriculum and teaching practice. For this, was necessary check the view of teachers on this process, because they are responsible for putting the curriculum in action and link it with the use of technology. Several authors report that the use of technology in education to provide qualitative advances in school learning, thereby we asked whether there is a joint in the daily life of state and municipal schools, through the existing curriculum. To answer these and other questions in this work, we realized a qualitative empirical research base that used as an instrument of data collection: literature review, documentary, interview and questionnaire with nine teachers from public schools in the city Bauru, on which we identified that there curricular flexibility to articulate the use of technologies. However, there are also many challenges and opportunities related to public policies and training of teachers to cope with the demands of the digital age

Quando se inicia o processo de alfabetização?

Embora a aprendizagem informal da língua escrita na fase pré-escolarjá fosse observada desde o século XIX, muitos anos se passaram até que fosse reconhecida. Com as pesquisas lideradas por Vygotsky, Luria, Ferreiro e os estudos sobre letramento, foi possível recuperar a gênese da alfabetização e considerar suas implicações para o ensino. Assim, importa perguntar: Como compreender as primeiras escritas? Como o reconhecimento delas pode afetar as concepções sobre a língua escrita? Que condições favorecem a construção da escrita? Que implicações as aprendizagens pré-escolares trazem para as práticas pedagógicas e para as políticas de alfabetização? Com o objetivo de aprofundar o entendimento destas questões, o artigo vale - se de um estudo de caso sobre a produção textual de um menino de quatro anos, configurando-se como mais um a iniciativa para subsidiar os debates sobre a articulação entre ensino e aprendizagem.

Organização de um banco de dados a partir de jornais do triângulo mineiro : Contribuições para o resgate da sócio-história do português brasileiro

O uso de corpus favorece as pesquisas linguísticas, sobretudo as de variaçao e mudança linguística (Weinreich, Labov, Herzog, 2006; Labov, 1994, 2001, 2008), na medida em que proporciona a realizaçao de descriçoes linguísticas de base empírica, fundamentadas em contextos de usos reais da língua. A fim de recuperar aspectos de sincronias passadas e atuais do Português Mineiro da regiao do Triângulo (Minas Gerais/Brasil), entendemos como uma importante fonte para pesquisas de cunho variacionista, o jornal, dada a diversidade de gêneros textuais que abarca, bem como ao fato de se mostrar como um veículo de expressao de costumes, cultura, comportamentos, valores, enfim, da história de uma dada sociedade, num dado tempo. Com base nessas observaçoes, apresentaremos os principais aspectos metodológicos que estamos aplicando para a organizaçao de um banco de dados composto por jornais de Uberaba - Lavoura e Comércio, Correio Católico e A Gazeta - e Uberlândia - Correio de Uberlândia. Cabe destacar que a digitalizaçao do Lavoura e Comércio, por exemplo, fundado em 1889, já foi iniciada e, parte desse jornal já está sendo utilizada como corpus para pesquisas linguísticas, apresentando muitas peculiaridades da língua escrita da época. Já o jornal Correio de Uberlândia, fundado em 1938 e publicado sem interrupçoes até hoje, possui todos os exemplares digitalizados e disponíveis no Arquivo Público da cidade de Uberlândia. Entretanto, para facilitar o processo de pesquisas linguísticas com tais exemplares, todo o material será digitado em formato de arquivo "Word". Posteriormente, pretende se refinar a organizaçao deste material, dividindo-o por seçoes e/ou cadernos, bem como por gêneros textuais. Acreditamos que com a montagem desse corpus, possibilitaremos a realizaçao de pesquisas que contribuam para o levantamento de características do Português Mineiro do Triângulo e, consequentemente, para a construçao da identidade do Português Brasileiro. (Apoio CNPq / Processo 476810/2010-8)

Organização de um banco de dados a partir de jornais do triângulo mineiro : Contribuições para o resgate da sócio-história do português brasileiro

O uso de corpus favorece as pesquisas linguísticas, sobretudo as de variaçao e mudança linguística (Weinreich, Labov, Herzog, 2006; Labov, 1994, 2001, 2008), na medida em que proporciona a realizaçao de descriçoes linguísticas de base empírica, fundamentadas em contextos de usos reais da língua. A fim de recuperar aspectos de sincronias passadas e atuais do Português Mineiro da regiao do Triângulo (Minas Gerais/Brasil), entendemos como uma importante fonte para pesquisas de cunho variacionista, o jornal, dada a diversidade de gêneros textuais que abarca, bem como ao fato de se mostrar como um veículo de expressao de costumes, cultura, comportamentos, valores, enfim, da história de uma dada sociedade, num dado tempo. Com base nessas observaçoes, apresentaremos os principais aspectos metodológicos que estamos aplicando para a organizaçao de um banco de dados composto por jornais de Uberaba - Lavoura e Comércio, Correio Católico e A Gazeta - e Uberlândia - Correio de Uberlândia. Cabe destacar que a digitalizaçao do Lavoura e Comércio, por exemplo, fundado em 1889, já foi iniciada e, parte desse jornal já está sendo utilizada como corpus para pesquisas linguísticas, apresentando muitas peculiaridades da língua escrita da época. Já o jornal Correio de Uberlândia, fundado em 1938 e publicado sem interrupçoes até hoje, possui todos os exemplares digitalizados e disponíveis no Arquivo Público da cidade de Uberlândia. Entretanto, para facilitar o processo de pesquisas linguísticas com tais exemplares, todo o material será digitado em formato de arquivo "Word". Posteriormente, pretende se refinar a organizaçao deste material, dividindo-o por seçoes e/ou cadernos, bem como por gêneros textuais. Acreditamos que com a montagem desse corpus, possibilitaremos a realizaçao de pesquisas que contribuam para o levantamento de características do Português Mineiro do Triângulo e, consequentemente, para a construçao da identidade do Português Brasileiro. (Apoio CNPq / Processo 476810/2010-8)