Primeiro relato de ocorrência de Anastrepha serpentina e Anastrepha leptozona (Dip.: Tephritidae) em abiu (Pouteria caimito) no Estado de São Paulo

Foi registrada pela primeira vez a infestação das moscas-das-frutas Anastrepha serpentina (Wied.) e Anastrepha leptozona Hendel (Dip.: Tephritidae) em abiu Pouteria caimito (Sapotaceae) no Estado de São Paulo. Os frutos coletados foram oriundos da Coleção de Fruteiras Nativas e Exóticas, localizada na sede do Pólo Regional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico do Vale do Ribeira (SP), município de Pariquera-Açu. Também emergiram espécimens de Neosilba glaberrima (Wied.) (Lonchaeidae).

Kustannusmallien kehitys BCTMP- ja DIP-prosessien simulointimalleihin

Massa- ja paperiteollisuuden päästöt ovat vähentyneet huomattavasti viime vuosikymmenten aikana. Tiukentuvat viranomaismääräykset ja ympäristörajoitukset tulevat vaatimaan päästöjen määrien vähentämistä edelleen. Päästöttömät massanvalmistusprosessit olisivat ratkaisu näiden määräysten täyttämiseksi.Tämän työn tavoitteena on kehittää kustannusmallit Balas-ohjelmalla simuloitaville virtuaalisille BCTMP- sekä DIP-massanvalmistusprosesseille. Tarkoituksena on, että kustannusmallien avulla voidaan selvittää valmistusprosessien kustannusrakenteet ja erilaisten päästöttömyysratkaisujen vaikutus kustannusrakenteeseen. Lisäksi mallien avulla selvitetään päästöttömyysinvestointien kannattavuudet sekä mahdollisten päästöistä aiheutuvien kustannusten nousun vaikutus tehtyjen päästöttömyysinvestointien kannattavuuteen.Työn tuloksena syntyi Excel-taulukkolaskentaohjelmalla laadittu kustannuslaskentamalli, jonka avulla saadaan laskettua prosessien muuttuvat, kiinteät sekä pääomakustannukset toimintokohtaisesti. Teoriapohjana prosessien toimintojen määrittämisessä käytettiin toimintolaskentaa. Investointien kannattavuutta mallissa tarkastellaan nykyarvon, sisäisen korkokannan sekä takaisinmaksuajan menetelmällä. Kustannusten laskennassa käytettävät hintatiedot perustuvat laitetoimittajien tarjouksiin, massa-, paperi- ja kemikaalivalmistajien haastatteluihin sekä kirjallisuustutkimukseen.

Financing public education when altruistic agents have retirement concerns

[cat]El capital humà i, per tant, l’educació tenen un impacte en el benestar futur de la societat. En aquest treball s’estudia la connexió entre el suport dels votants per una educació pública i les preocupacions sobre la seva jubilació. Mostrem com els votants anticipen els efectes positius que té l’educació sobre les pensions futures. Així, el recolzament a un sistema educatiu públic s’incrementa si el sistema de pensions és més redistributiu, cosa que també es dóna entre els ciutadans que prefereixen una educació privada. També mostrem que el tipus d’equilibri “ends against the middle” pot ocórrer fins i tot quan la taxa impositiva preferida pels votants és decreixent amb la renda.

Financing public education when altruistic agents have retirement concerns

[cat]El capital humà i, per tant, l’educació tenen un impacte en el benestar futur de la societat. En aquest treball s’estudia la connexió entre el suport dels votants per una educació pública i les preocupacions sobre la seva jubilació. Mostrem com els votants anticipen els efectes positius que té l’educació sobre les pensions futures. Així, el recolzament a un sistema educatiu públic s’incrementa si el sistema de pensions és més redistributiu, cosa que també es dóna entre els ciutadans que prefereixen una educació privada. També mostrem que el tipus d’equilibri “ends against the middle” pot ocórrer fins i tot quan la taxa impositiva preferida pels votants és decreixent amb la renda.

A novel set of DIP-STR markers for improved analysis of challenging DNA mixtures.

Currently available molecular biology tools allow forensic scientists to characterize DNA evidence found at crime scenes for a large variety of samples, including those of limited quantity and quality, and achieve high levels of individualization. Yet, standard forensic markers provide limited or no results when applied to mixed DNA samples where the contributors are present in very different proportions (unbalanced DNA mixtures). This becomes an issue mostly for the analysis of trace samples collected on the victim or from touched objects. To this end, we recently proposed an innovative type of genetic marker, named DIP-STR that relies on pairing deletion/insertion polymorphisms (DIP) with standard short tandem repeats (STR). This novel compound marker allows detection of the minor DNA contributor in a DNA mixture of any gender and cellular origin with unprecedented resolution (beyond a DNA ratio of 1:1000). To provide a novel analytical tool useful in practice to common forensic laboratories, this article describes the first set of 10 DIP-STR markers selected according to forensic technical standards. The novel DIP-STR regions are short (between 146 and 271 bp), include only highly polymorphic tri-, tetra- and pentanucleotide tandem repeats and are located on different chromosomes or chromosomal arms to provide statistically independent results. This novel set of DIP-STR can target the amplification of 0.03-0.1 ng of DNA when mixed with a 1000-fold excess of major DNA. DIP-STR relative allele frequencies are estimated based on a survey of 103 Swiss individuals. Finally, this study provides an estimate of the occurrence of informative alleles and a calculation of the corresponding random match probability of the detected minor DIP-STR genotype assessed across 10,506 pairwise conceptual mixtures.

Quality potential of DIP and hardwood CTMP based raw materials in woodcontaining printing paper

The objective of the thesis was to define the quality potential of DIP and hardwood CTMP based raw material furnish for a printing paper production and to define the end product's pulp-based boundary conditions especially when thinking of Chinese markets. Although the Chinese paper industry expands rapidly, the production of some paper grades is still exiguous. Especially the softwood resources are limited in Asia, thus the purpose of the thesis was to find out the possibilities to produce printing paper in China from local raw materials. Bleached CTMP can be produced, for example, from fast-growing hardwood species like eucalyptus and poplar. Therefore in this thesis it was examined if good quality printing paper is possible to produce by using deinked pulp and hardwood CTMP based furnish. In the first section of experimental part, various deinked pulps and chemithermomechanical pulps were compared. The deinked pulps were from China, Central Europe and Finland. Central European was made for magazine papers, and the Chinese as well as the Finnish pulps were made for newsprints. Two of the BCTMPs were from China and those both were made from poplar, whereas one BCTMP was made from eucalyptus in a pilot plant. There were significant differences especially between BCTMPs and their paper properties. In the second section of experimental part, the deinked pulp and eucalyptus BCTMP were blended to produce handsheets. The results show that producing the highest quality printing paper would be difficult from these raw materials. Deinked pulp affected especially the strength and optical properties as well as calender blackening. The BCTMP was found to have effects mostly on the smoothness, strength and optical properties as well as calender blackening.

Infrastructure and nation building: The regulation and financing of network transportation infrastructures in Spain (1720-2010)

This paper analyzes Spanish infrastructure policy since the early 1700s: Road building in the eighteenth century, railway creation and expansion in the nineteenth, motorway expansion in the twentieth, and high speed rail development in the twenty-first. The analysis reveals a long-term pattern, in which infrastructure policy in Spain has been driven not by the requirements of commerce and economic activity, but rather by the desire to centralize transportation around the country’s political capital.

Filmes de titânio-silício preparados por "spin" e "dip-coating"

The conditions for the preparation of luminescent materials, consisting of Eu3+ ions entrapped in a titanium matrix, in the forma of a thin film, using the sol-gel process, are described. The films were obtained from sols prepared with TEOS and TEOT, in the presence of acetylacetone as the hidrolysis-retarding agent, using the dip-coating and spin-coating techniques. The influence of these techniques on the films based on titanium and silicon are presented. The Eu3+ was used as a luminescent probe. The films have been characterized by luminescence, reflection and transmittance. The thickness of the films could be related to the preparation procedure. Transparent thin films have been prepared by dip-coating technique.

Um procedimento simples e barato para a construção de um equipamento "dip-coating" para deposição de filmes em laboratório

In this work we show how to build a piece of equipment for depositing thin films by the dip-coating process, using inexpensive components easily found on the market. This equipment allows us to control the dipping and pulling velocity at which the substrate is put in the film precursor solution, two very important parameters for obtain thin films. This article discusses the construction of the mechanical and electric parts of the equipment, a simple method to interface it to a computer and the development of the software to control the dip-coating parameters.

Desenvolvimento de reator tipo "dip catalyst" para filmes poliméricos contendo nanopartículas de metais de transição

This article describes the development of a new catalytic reactor designed to operate with nanoparticle-embedded polymer thin films. Stabilization of metal nanoparticles in films that serve as catalysts in organic reactions is relatively new; therefore, the development of reactors to facilitate their use is necessary. We describe in detail the preparation of the GDCR reactor-type "dip catalyst" and its evaluation in the Suzuki - Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of phenylboronic acid and 4-bromoanisole catalyzed by palladium nanoparticle-embedded cellulose acetate thin film (CA/PD(0)). Compared with earlier prototypes, GDCR reactor showed excellent results when operating with CA/PD(0) thin films.

Financing higher education : the case for a graduate tax

Article

Role of Commission Agents in the Development of Traditional Marine Fisheries of Kerala with Special Reference to Financing

The study clearly brings out the role of commission agents in the traditional marine fisheries sector and thereby goes to set at rest the controversy regarding their role. The findings of the study has important implications for formulation of policies and development strategies related to the traditional marine fisheries sector. The study points out the need for a thorough review and reformulation of the policies and development strategies for efficiently achieving the development potential of the traditional marine fisheries sector and for improving the economic conditions of the fishermen. The study is based mostly on Alappuzha District of Kerala, covering all the 30 marine fishing villages, spread over the three coastal taluks, namely, Karthikappally, Ambalappuzha and Cherthala