80 resultados para Caroteno
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Cassava leaves can be considered an important nutritional source when compared to other commonly consumed vegetables leaves. Cassava leaves have high levels of protein, fiber and minerals, and arestill underexplored due to the lack of information regarding the use of them as afood product, as well as, their use as an industrial raw material. The consumption of cassava leaves in fresh form is impractical due to the presence of cyanide, thereby it is required a pretreatment to be performed to reduce this component. The objective of this study was to produce and characterize the four made with cassava leaves as its chemical composition, color, indices of absorption and water solubility, and pasting properties, aiming to provide information of interest for possible application as an ingredient in the food industry. Cassava leaf flour showed low moisture content (6.6 %)and significant amounts of fiber (30.68 %), protein (23.00 %), and total carbohydrate (22.27%). Drying and milling processes allowed to obtain a flour with a low content of total cyanide (0.3 mg 100g-1 ), and the presence of vitamin C (56.6 mg 100g-1 ) and β –carotene (38 mg 100g- 1 ). The color analysis of cassava leaf flour showed low lightness with, predominantly, green and yellow pigments. The cassava leaf flour presented good solubility (14.85 %) and water absorption (6.87 g gel. g-1 ). Pasting properties showed a low peak of viscosity and a higher final viscosity with a retrogradation tendency, indicating a low capacity of this flour to form gel. The flour of cassava leaves can be a good source of nutrition when used as a food ingredient in soups and pasta. However, it is not indicated to products that require high gel formation.
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA
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A method for the simultaneous quantification of lycopene, beta-carotene, retinol and alpha-tocopherol by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Vis/fluorescence detection with isocratic elution was optimized and validated. The method consists of a rapid and simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure and a posterior quantification of extracted supernatants by HPLC. Aliquots of plasma were stored at -20 degrees C for three months for stability study. The methodology was applied to samples from painters and individuals not exposed to paints (n = 75). The assay was linear for all vitamins (r > 0.99). Intra-and inter-run precisions were obtained with coefficient of variation smaller than 5%. The accuracies ranged from 0.29 to -5.80% and recoveries between 92.73 and 101.97%. Plasma samples and extracted supernatants were stable for 60 days at -20 degrees C. A significant decrease of lycopene, beta-carotene and retinol concentrations in plasma from exposed individuals compared to non-exposed individuals (p < 0.05) was observed. The method is simple, reproducible, precise, accurate and sensitive, and can be routinely utilized in clinical laboratories.
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El objetivo fue determinar, durante dos años, el contenido de β-caroteno y su relación con el Índice de Color (IC), de ocho cultivares comerciales del tipo 'Flakkee' cultivadas en el INTA La Consulta. El diseño experimental a campo utilizado fue en bloques al azar con 3 repeticiones. Se evaluó β-caroteno (espectrofotometría a 450 nm) y se calculó el IC, mediante captación de imagen digital con PC y escáner, midiendo L, a y b del Sistema CIELAB. Los datos fueron analizados por ACP (análisis de componentes principales), la visualización de la variabilidad, por cartografiado de datos, análisis de varianza, pruebas de diferencia de medias y correlaciones. Los contenidos de β-carotenos y el IC de los cultivares se mantuvieron constantes durante los dos años estudiados, resultando las cultivares Natasha, Flakesse y Colmar las de mayor valor nutricional en cuanto a aporte de β-carotenos. En el rango de valores menores de 18 mg%g de β-carotenos, se observó una correlación positiva significativa en las cultivares Supreme, Spring y Laval. No se encontró una correlación alta lineal entre el IC y el contenido de β-carotenos. El uso del IC resulta adecuado para predecir, en un intervalo de valores, el contenido de β-carotenos en cultivares de zanahoria.
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Tomatoes are among the most cultivated and used vegetables in the world. They are very succeptible to post harvest losses due to high perishability, therefore the use of postharvest treatments may contribute to conservation of this fruit, however the treatments might affect significantly physico-chemical, sensory and nutritional characteristics of tomatoes. Given the perishability of tomato and the economic importance of small tomato fruits, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of gamma radiation, carnauba coating and 1-MCP treatments on tomato fruit quality during storage. The study may be divided into two parts. In the first, mini tomatoes cv. Sweet Grape were harvested at breaker stage, divided into 4 grous and treated with gamma radiation (0.6 kGy), carnauba coating (1 L 1000 kg-1) and 1-MCP (500 nL L-1) and then stored at 25±2°C for 30 days with a control group of tomatoes. In the seconnd part, tomatoes harvested at light-red stage were submitted to the same treatments and storage period. Every 6 days tomatoes were evaluated for color modifications, fruit firmness, souble and total pectin (only for light-red tomatoes), mass loss, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), SS/TA ratio, carotenoids profile, formation of lycopene isomers, total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity. For tomatoes harvested at breaker stage and submitted to the treatments the results showed mass loss was delaying mainly by carnauba wax, and to a lesser extend by 1-MCP. Fruit firmness were better retained for 1-MCP treated fruits and carnauba treatment showed a transient effect in preserving fruit firmness. SS/TA of tomatoes treated with gamma radiation and carnauba presented no differences from control values, and were lower with the application of 1-MCP. Color was negatively affected by 1-MCP and earlier changed (6th day) when gamma radiation was applied. In relation to bioactive compounds of tomatoes harvest at breaker stage, results indicated gamma radiation and 1-MCP decreased the final content of lycopene and produced more (Z)-isomers of lycopene. Gamma radiation also induced a decreased in ?-carotene and an increased in phenolic compounds by the end of storage period. 1-MCP treatment promoted a slow down increase in ascorbic acid content during storage. Antioxidant capacity of the hydrophilic fraction was not dramatically affected by treatments and the lipophilic fraction was lower, especially for 1-MCP fruits. In addition, contents of ?-carotene, lycopene, (Z)-isomers of lycopene, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity increased during the period of storage while contents of lutein and phenolic compounds tended to decrease. Regarding tomatoes harvest at light-red stage, the most effective treatments for delaying fruit firmness and mass loss was carnauba and 1-MCP, while gamma radiation was the treatment with higher mass loss and the less fruit firmness, which could be associated with the higher solubilization of pectins promoted by radiation treatment. Color (L* and Hue) was mainly affected by 1-MCP treatment which delayed color development, however, by the end of storage, the values were not different from the other treatments. SS/TA ratio was lower for fruits treated with 1-MCP and TA was not so dramatically affected by treatments. Furthermore, mini tomatoes harvested at light-red stage, demonstrated irradiation induced changes in the final content of lycopene, increasing it, and formed less (13Z)-lycopene, while 1-MCP and carnauba coating slow down the increase in lycopene and slown down the decrease of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. Antioxidant capacity of lipophilic fraction was not affected by treatments and the hydrophilic fraction was lower for irradiated fruits only on day 0 as well as phenolic compounds. In the other days, no differences among treatments were observed for hydrophilic antioxidant capacity. Considering the results, the best combination of SS and TA and fruit preservation for mini tomatoes harvest at breaker stage was promoted by carnauba coating, which seems to be the treatment that causes fewer changes in bioactive compounds of breaker tomatoes. However, when mini tomatoes were harvested at light-red stage, SS/TA ratio and color were better and, to preserve the quality of these fruits, besides carnauba coating, 1-MCP also could be indicated
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O buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) é um fruto rico em carotenoides, ácidos graxos e compostos fenólicos com grande potencial de industrialização. Entretanto, sua vida útil reduzida dificulta a comercialização e um maior aproveitamento. Dessa forma, tecnologias de processamento podem ser empregadas para que haja maior utilização e expansão do buriti. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar polpa de buriti congelada, liofilizada e atomizada, quantificando os compostos bioativos (carotenoides e ácidos graxos), a composição centesimal e mineral, além de avaliar a estabilidade química e funcional da polpa submetida a esses tratamentos ao longo do tempo de armazenamento. Polpas de buriti oriunda da Comunidade Boa Vista, zona rural do município de Arinos, MG, foram submetidas a três processamentos: congelamento (eleito como controle), liofilização e atomização (com adição de maltodextrina como coadjuvante de tecnologia). Após o processamento, as polpas foram acondicionadas em embalagens laminadas compostas por poliéster, alumínio e polietileno (25 x 25 cm), com capacidade para 100 g cada, e armazenadas a -23 °C para o congelamento e a temperatura ambiente para as polpas desidratadas. As análises físicas, químicas, nutricionais e funcionais foram realizadas logo após o processamento, para caracterização das polpas e nos períodos: 1, 14, 28, 42 e 56 dias, para avaliação da estabilidade. O delineamento experimental empregado constituiu-se de dois fatores (processamento e período) e a interação entre eles. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio da Análise de Variância Univariada (ANOVA) com nível de significância de 5 %. Constatou-se que durante a estocagem a polpa liofilizada apresentou maior brilho, menor opacidade, valores inferiores para o pH, menor variação da atividade de água e maior acidez titulável. Esses parâmetros são importantes indicadores de qualidade da polpa durante a sua estocagem, visto que dificultam o desenvolvimento microbiano. A adição da maltodextrina no processo de atomização acarretou maiores teores de sólidos solúveis em relação aos demais tratamentos. Os resultados demonstraram que, ao longo do armazenamento, a liofilização contribuiu para a melhor preservação dos carotenoides totais. A quantificação dos carotenoides e dos ácidos graxos na polpa congelada demonstrou que houve melhor preservação de carotenoides do tipo alfa e beta caroteno, dos ácidos graxos oleico, indicando maior valor nutricional para a alimentação humana. Apesar dos resultados satisfatórios para a polpa congelada, durante o tempo analisado a polpa congelada apresentou maiores perdas em relação à polpa liofilizada. Para a classe dos compostos fenólicos, a liofilização apresentou melhores resultados ao longo da estocagem. O uso de baixas temperaturas foi mais efetivo para a preservação dos compostos bioativos analisados. Portanto, pode-se concluir que o emprego da liofilização é a alternativa mais adequada entre as avaliadas, para o aproveitamento da polpa de buriti na indústria de alimentos, uma vez que esse tratamento preservou todos os constituintes avaliados durante a estocagem.
Biomarcadores de luteína, zeaxantina y otros carotenoides en la relación dieta y salud ocular humana
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El estudio de la relación entre componentes de la dieta y la salud/enfermedad utiliza métodos de valoración de la ingesta dietética, del estatus nutricional y de marcadores de función o de efecto. En concreto, en el estudio de los carotenoides y la salud ocular, interesa el estudio de dos carotenoides sin actividad provitamina A, la luteína y la zeaxantina, por su posible papel en la optimización de la función visual y en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas asociadas a la edad, y de tres carotenoides con actividad provitamina A: -caroteno, -caroteno y -criptoxantina, por ser precursores de retinol, nutriente del que depende el ciclo visual para una visión normal. En el presente trabajo se ha llevado a cabo el estudio de los carotenoides de la dieta más relevantes para la salud ocular humana considerando de forma simultánea parámetros relacionados con la ingesta, el estatus y la función visual, así como diversas variables que pueden modificar el estatus nutricional, como son la concentración de lípidos en sangre, y la bioaccesibilidad de los carotenoides a partir de alimentos de amplio consumo...
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Entre os produtos comercializados a nível mundial, o café é um dos mais valiosos, sendo apenas superado pelo petróleo em termos de movimentações financeiras. Assim, torna-se indiscutível a importância do café na política e na economia de muitos países, pois o seu cultivo, processamento, comercialização, transporte e mercado criam milhões de empregos por todo o mundo. A composição química do café constitui um parâmetro fundamental na distinção das diferentes variedades deste produto, recorrendo-se frequentemente à análise de compostos como a cafeína, o ácido hidroxicinâmico e o ácido clorogénico, entre outros. O principal objetivo deste trabalho focou-se no estudo do perfil dos compostos bioativos presentes em grãos de café verde provenientes de Cabo Verde e das inerentes propriedades antioxidantes. Mais concretamente, procedeu-se à quantificação dos compostos bioativos com maior importância no café, como é o caso dos fenólicos e flavonoides totais, das antocianinas e dos carotenoides. A quantidade de compostos fenólicos totais encontrados na amostra dos grãos de café verde foi 4,855 mg/g. Quanto à quantidade de flavonoides totais, foi 41,2 mg/g e de antocianinas 0,465 mg/g. Relativamente aos carotenoides estudados, a clorofila a apresenta-se em quantidade igual a 1,5×10 mg/g, a clorofila b, 1,6×10 mg/g, o licopeno, 6×10 mg/g e o β-caroteno aparenta ser inexistente nesta amostra. A quantificação destes compostos bioativos comprovou a sua presença na amostra de café verde e, consequentemente, evidenciou os potenciais benefícios que este produto traz para a saúde, sendo a capacidade antioxidante o mais prevalente.
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The seaweed Gracilaria domingensis is a common species in the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. This species lives in the intertidal zone, where colour strains (red, green and brown) co-occur during the whole year. Seaweeds that live in this region are exposed to daily changes and to the rhythm of the tide. During the low tide they are exposed to dissection, hiper-or hipo-osmotic shock, high temperatures and high irradiance. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the pigment and protein content of the colour strains of G. domingensis is affected by some environmental parameters in a temporal scale. The seaweeds were collected during 10 months in the seashore of Rio do Fogo (RN). The total soluble proteins and the phycobiliprotein were extracted in phosphate buffer and the carotenoids were analyzed by a standardized method through HPLC-UV. The pigments analysis showed that phycoerithrin is the most abundant pigment in the three strains. This pigment was strongly correlated with nitrogen and the photosynthetically active radiation. Chlorophyll presented higher concentrations than carotenoids during the whole, but the ratio carotenoid/chlorophyll-a was modified by incident radiation. The most abundant carotenoid was ß-carotene and zeaxanthin, which had higher concentrations in the higher radiation months. The concentration increase of zeaxanthin in this period indicated a photoprotective response of the seaweed. The three strains presented a pigment profile that indicates different radiation tolerance profile. Our results pointed that the green strain is better adapted to high irradiance levels than the red and brown strains
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Mushrooms are an important source of natural compounds with acknowledged bioactivity. Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél., in particular, is widely recognized for its organoleptic quality and favorable health effects, being commercially produced in great extent. On the other hand, Suillus bellinii (Inzenga) Watling is an ectomycorrhizal symbiont, whose main properties were only reported in a scarce number of publications. Some current trends point toward using the mycelia and the culture media as potential sources of bioactive compounds, in addition to the fruiting bodies. Accordingly, P. eryngii and S. bellinii were studied for their composition in phenolic acids and sterols, antioxidant capacity (scavenging DPPH radicals, reducing power, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and TBARS formation inhibition), anti-inflammatory effect (by down-regulating LPS-stimulated NO in RAW264.7 cells) and anti-proliferative activity (using MCF-7, NCI-H460, HeLa, HepG2 and PLP2 cell lines). Overall, S. bellinii mycelia showed higher contents of ergosterol and phenolic compounds (which were also detected in higher quantity in its fruiting body) and stronger antioxidant activity than P. eryngii. On the other hand, P. eryngii mycelia showed anti-inflammatory (absent in S. bellinii mycelia) and a cytotoxicity similar (sometimes superior) to its fruiting bodies, in opposition to S. bellinii, whose mycelia presented a decreased anti-proliferative activity. Furthermore, the assayed species showed differences in the growth rate and yielded biomass of their mycelia, which should also be considered in further applications.
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O morangueiro silvestre (Fragaria vesca L., Rosaceae) está disseminado por toda a Península Ibérica, podendo também ser encontrado na Coreia, América do Norte e Canadá [1]. Apesar dos frutos serem mais consumidos, as partes vegetativas têm sido tradicionalmente usadas devido às suas propriedades tónicas e diuréticas e, em particular as suas decocções são recomendadas no tratamento da hipertensão [2,3]. As propriedades bioativas dos frutos F. vesca têm sido correlacionadas com a presença de compostos fenólicos, nomeadamente ácidos elágicos, procianidinas e flavonóis [4]. No entanto, o perfil fenólico das partes vegetativas é ainda desconhecido. Assim, no presente trabalho foi analisada a composição fenólica de extratos hidrometanólicos e aquosos obtidos a partir de partes vegetativas de amostras comerciais e silvestres de F. Vesca, tendo sido também avaliada a sua atividade antioxidante. Os perfis fenólicos, obtidos por HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, das amostras comercial e silvestre foram bastante distintos, no entanto, em termos de derivados de ácido elágico, ambas apresentaram o isómero sanguiin h10 como composto maioritário, bem como trímeros de procianidinas e ramnósido de quercetina na amostra comercial e silvestre, respetivamente. A infusão da amostra silvestre apresentou maior atividade captadora de radicais DPPH (EC50= 86.17 μg/mL) e compostos fenólicos (CF = 134.65 mg/g) comparativamente à amostra comercial. A infusão da amostra silvestre mostrou também maior poder redutor, inibição da descoloração do β- caroteno e inibição da formação de TBARS (EC50= 62.23, 12.34 e 3.12 μg/mL, respetivamente); o poder redutor mostrou maior correlação com F e F3O, enquanto o ensaio TBARS se correlacionou mais com DAE e F. A atividade antioxidante da amostra comercial (especialmente o poder redutor e a inibição da descoloração do β- caroteno) revelou uma elevada correlação com a presença de derivados de ácido elágico (DAE), flavonóis (F), flavan-3-óis (F3O) e CF. Os resultados obtidos demonstram o elevado potencial antioxidante das partes vegetativas do morangueiro silvestre, podendo constituir uma nova fonte de compostos bioativos para aplicação na área alimentar e farmacêutica.