Análisis del componente educativo del Programa Familias en Acción con respecto a la garantía del derecho a la educación básica y media: estudio de caso Zipaquirá 2006-2010

El objetivo principal de este documento es realizar un análisis sobre el componente educativo del Programa Familias en Acción, para establecer si el subsidio condicionado brindado por dicho programa contribuye a garantizar el derecho a la educación básica y media. Con dicho fin, se tomará como estudio de caso el municipio de Zipaquirá, Cundinamarca en el periodo comprendido entre 2006 y 2010. De este modo se analizará y explicará por qué se considera que el componente educativo del PFA ha influido de una forma parcial e incompleta a la garantía del derecho a la educación. Lo anterior, teniendo en cuenta la definición de educación y los componentes del núcleo esencial de este derecho, sumado a la exposición de las etapas de la política pública, su definición y la reconstrucción del proceso vivido por el programa en cuestión.

Prácticas de buen gobierno, una aproximación a Invest in Bogotá a la luz del Análisis de políticas públicas. (2006-2010)

El interés de este trabajo es determinar si Invest in Bogotá puede considerarse un instrumento de Buen Gobierno. Se analizará cómo desde la perspectiva del Análisis de Políticas Públicas, puede evaluarse la agencia, desde su formulación hasta su implementación, revisando los momentos y actores claves que participaron en este proceso, para el periodo 2006-2010. Lo anterior se realiza para establecer si la agencia responde a las lógicas de Buen Gobierno, entendido como la efectividad de los gobiernos para dar respuesta a sus gobernados y la consecución de alianzas público privadas en beneficio de lo colectivo, gobernabilidad democrática y gobernanza respectivamente. Como resultado de este ejercicio se determinó que la agencia puede considerarse, parcialmente, como un mecanismo de Buen Gobierno debido a que los beneficios no siempre son direccionados hacia el bien común.

From the assimilation to the acceptance of the other? : educational policy for indigenous peoples in Latin America and the 'intercultural bilingual education' policy in Chile. '¿De la asimilación a la aceptación del otro? : política educativa para pueblos indígenas en América Latina y la política de 'educación intercultural bilingüe' en Chile'.

Monográfico con el título: 'Desde la diversidad hacia la desigualdad: ¿destino inexorable de la globalización?'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Equity and exclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean: the case of indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples

Includes bibliography

Guaranteeing indigenous people's rights in Latin America. Progress in the past decade and remaining challenges. Summary

As the twenty-first century advances, the countries of Latin America are building deeper democracies and looking critically at the development process, in the growing conviction that development should focus on equality and be approached on the basis of rights. This means tackling the region’s persistent inequalities, especially those affecting indigenous peoples, who have historically suffered exclusion and discrimination. It also means guaranteeing indigenous people both the enjoyment of human rights on an equal footing to the rest of society, and the right to be collectively different. This is a challenge for this century, which began with the recognition of the rights of indigenous people and the role they unquestionably play on national and international agendas.

The role of indigenous people in national development processes: Participation and marginalisation of indigenous Bedouin in South Sinai tourism development

The Bedouin of South Sinai have been significantly affected by the politics of external powers for a long time. However, never had the interest of external powers in Sinai been so strong as since the Israeli-Egyptian wars in the second half of the 20th century when Bedouin interests started to collide with Egypt’s plans for a development of luxury tourism in South Sinai. rnrnThe tourism boom that has started in the 1980s has brought economic and infrastructure development to the Bedouin and tourism has become the most important source of income for the Bedouin. However, while the absolute increase of tourists to Sinai has trickled down to the Bedouin to some extent, the participation of Bedouin in the overall tourism development is under-proportionate. Moreover, the Bedouin have become increasingly dependent on monetary income and consequently from tourism as the only significant source of income while at the same time they have lost much of their land as well as their self-determination.rnrnIn this context, the Bedouin livelihoods have become very vulnerable due to repeated depressions in the tourism industry as well as marginalization. Major marginalization processes the Bedouin are facing are the loss of land, barriers to market entry, especially increasingly strict rules and regulations in the tourism industry, as well as discrimination by the authorities. Social differentiation and Bedouin preferences are identified as further factors in Bedouin marginalization.rnrnThe strategies Bedouin have developed in response to all these problems are coping strategies, which try to deal with the present problem at the individual level. Basically no strategies have been developed at the collective level that would aim to actively shape the Bedouin’s present and future. Collective action has been hampered by a variety of factors, such as the speed of the developments, the distribution of power or the decay of tribal structures.rnWhile some Bedouin might be able to continue their tourism activities, a large number of informal jobs will not be feasible anymore. The majority of the previously mostly self-employed Bedouin will probably be forced to work as day-laborers who will have lost much of their pride, dignity, sovereignty and freedom. Moreover, with a return to subsistence being impossible for the majority of the Bedouin, it is likely that an increasing number of marginalized Bedouin will turn to illegal income generating activities such as smuggling or drug cultivation. This in turn will lead to further repression and discrimination and could escalate in a serious violent conflict between the Bedouin and the government.rnrnDevelopment plans and projects should address the general lack of civil rights, local participation and protection of minorities in Egypt and promote Bedouin community development and the consideration of Bedouin interests in tourism development.rnrnWether the political upheavals and the resignation of president Mubarak at the beginning of 2011 will have a positive effect on the situation of the Bedouin remains to be seen.rn

Acknowledging linguistic diversity in a multicultural society: the issue of indigenous languages in Colombia.

Nowadays, modern society is gradually becoming multicultural. However, only in the last few years awareness on its importance has been raised. In the case of Colombia, multiculturalism has existed since the pre-Columbian period and today there are more than 80 ethnic groups and 65 indigenous languages in the country. The aim of this work is to illustrate the status of indigenous languages in Colombia and to enlighten about the importance of recognizing, protecting and strengthening the use of these native languages. Subsequent to this, it will be point out that linguistic diversity should be considered a resource and not a barrier to achieve unity in diversity. Finally, ethno-education will be presented as an adequate educational program that may guarantee an equal linguistic representation in the country.

Indigenous land reconfiguration and fragmented institutions: a historical political ecology of Tsimane’ lands (Bolivian Amazon)

Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples often have low population density but abundant natural resources. For those reasons, many actors have historically attempted to occupy those lands or use the resources in them. Increasing pressures over lands occupied by indigenous peoples have resulted in the awakening of indigenous peoples over their rights to land and resources generating many debates over indigenous peoples' rights to land and self-governance. In this article, we provide a historical and geographical overview of territorial and governance issues among the Tsimane', an indigenous group native to the Bolivian Amazon. We examine how the Bolivian state economic policies implemented during the 20th century affected the Tsimane' ancestral lands, and how – over the late-20th century – the Bolivian state accommodated Tsimane' claims to lands in between multiple interests. We show how national policies led to the reconfiguration of Tsimane' territoriality and to a fragmented institutional representation. Current indigenous territories and indigenous political representation are an expression of conflictive policies that have involved multiple actors and their specific interests on indigenous lands and its resources.