Dual transplant of marginal kidneys. Case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Double transplantation is one possible answer to the shortage of donor organs. While each donor kidney would be unsuitable when considered as a single allograft, use of both kidneys should provide sufficient nephron mass for effective glomerular filtration. CASE REPORT: This is the first Swiss report of a dual adult transplant of marginal kidneys in a 46-year-old man, who was transplanted for the fourth time. Follow-up at 6 months is excellent without acute rejection. CONCLUSION: Recent analysis of dual marginal versus single ideal transplant outcomes, found a comparable 1-yr graft survival in both of the procedures. Long term results are still lacking and guidelines to decide between single, double or no transplantation are emerging.

Los locutorios : una aproximación etnográfica al uso de las tecnologías de la comunicación entre la población inmigrada del barrio de Sagrada Familia de Barcelona.

Petita etnografia duta a terme en els locals de locutoris situats al barri de la Sagrada Família. Inclou l'observació participant i entrevistes amb profunditat. En concret, es planteja observar i analitzar el paper de les TIC en el manteniment de la identitat de les persones immigrants que van a aquests locals; observar com s'utilitzen les tecnologies, i analitzar el paper que tenen les TIC en el procés d'adaptació i la seva vida quotidiana.

La Mina, gitanos y escuela : Que el barrio estudie

El objetivo principal de este proyecto es analizar los mensajes que reciben los niños y jóvenes del barrio barcelonés de La Mina respecto a la escuela, comprobar si son ambivalentes o por el contrario son positivos o negativos, analizando también que tipo de respuestas provoca en éstos. El estudio se interesa en todos aquellos testimonios e influencias que puedan envolver a la persona, tanto de manera consciente como inconsciente. Así, son de interés aquellas organizaciones que trabajan en el ámbito de la educación y aquellas personas que, de una manera directa o indirecta, puedan estar relacionadas en la educación de la juventud, es decir, que formen parte de la ecología cultural y el contexto social del barrio.

On optimal learning schedules and the marginal value of cumulative cultural evolution.

The age-dependent choice between expressing individual learning (IL) or social learning (SL) affects cumulative cultural evolution. A learning schedule in which SL precedes IL is supportive of cumulative culture because the amount of nongenetically encoded adaptive information acquired by previous generations can be absorbed by an individual and augmented. Devoting time and energy to learning, however, reduces the resources available for other life-history components. Learning schedules and life history thus coevolve. Here, we analyze a model where individuals may have up to three distinct life stages: "infants" using IL or oblique SL, "juveniles" implementing IL or horizontal SL, and adults obtaining material resources with learned information. We study the dynamic allocation of IL and SL within life stages and how this coevolves with the length of the learning stages. Although no learning may be evolutionary stable, we find conditions where cumulative cultural evolution can be selected for. In that case, the evolutionary stable learning schedule causes individuals to use oblique SL during infancy and a mixture between IL and horizontal SL when juvenile. We also find that the selected pattern of oblique SL increases the amount of information in the population, but horizontal SL does not do so.

Una Serena mirada a la seguridad desde el barrio de La Mina. Huyendo del populismo rampante hacia algún lugar

La reflexión que plasmo en estas líneas parte de una concepción de la seguridad pública que serene los ánimos que en estos tiempos de dificultades, algunos, maliciosamente, intentan propagar con malas artes y oscuras intenciones. La seguridad pública, ilustrada en el caso del barrio de La Mina (Sant Adrià del Besós), no sólo es cosa sólo de la policía, ni materia reservada al Código Penal, a no ser que el populismo se imponga sobre la reflexión. Debemos huir de una visión reduccionista de los problemas sociales, porque éstos son siempre poliédricos, en sus orígenes y en las respuestas que debemos buscar para su mejora. La experiencia debe marcarnos un camino que desde la defensa de los intereses generales nos permita niveles óptimos de seguridad, combinando diferentes políticas públicas, en especial las de integración social y las urbanísticas, sin apartarnos jamás de la preocupación por la garantía de los derechos y libertades.

Fine-scale genetic structure and marginal processes in an expanding population of Biscutella laevigata L. (Brassicaceae).

Evolutionary processes acting at the expanding margins of a species' range are still poorly understood. Genetic drift is considered prevalent in marginal populations, and the maintenance of genetic diversity during recolonization might seem puzzling. To investigate such processes, a fine-scale investigation of 219 individuals was performed within a population of Biscutella laevigata (Brassicaceae), located at the leading edge of its range. The survey used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). As commonly reported across the whole species distribution range, individual density and genetic diversity decreased along the local axis of recolonization of this expanding population, highlighting the enduring effect of the historical colonization on present-day diversity. The self-incompatibility system of the plant may have prevented local inbreeding in newly found patches and sustained genetic diversity by ensuring gene flow from established populations. Within the more continuously populated region, spatial analysis of genetic structure revealed restricted gene flow among individuals. The distribution of genotypes formed a mosaic of relatively homogenous patches within the continuous population. This pattern could be explained by a history of expansion by long-distance dispersal followed by fine-scale diffusion (that is, a stratified dispersal combination). The secondary contact among expanding patches apparently led to admixture among differentiated genotypes where they met (that is, a reshuffling effect). This type of dynamics could explain the maintenance of genetic diversity during recolonization.

La representación del barrio del Raval de Barcelona en la prensa escrita catalana: análisis del discurso periodístico durante la crisis económica del 2010

En el contexto de la Sociedad red (Castells: 2007) los medios constituyen referentesfacultados para reproducir discursos socialmente legitimados. La inseguridad ciudadana y el temor hacia el otro son algunos de los tópicos recurrentes de estos discursos. Esto puede contribuir con laestigmatización de ciertos grupos y los barrios urbanos en los que habitan.Este trabajo analiza el discurso periodístico sobre el Raval de Barcelona con el fin de determinar cuáles son las estrategias que emplean los diarios de referencia para describir al barriodurante un periodo específico de crisis económica (2010).La investigación se fundamenta en la premisa teórica de que los discursos mediáticosinfluyen en las percepciones que tienen los receptores acerca de los otros y de su entorno. La investigación se articula a partir de tres ejes de análisis: el estudio de la relación entre el contexto yel medio de comunicación, el análisis crítico del discurso periodístico y la recepción de este discurso.

An integrated genomic and expression analysis of 7q deletion in splenic marginal zone lymphoma.

Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is an indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterised by 7q32 deletion, but the target genes of this deletion remain unknown. In order to elucidate the genetic target of this deletion, we performed an integrative analysis of the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic and miRNomic data. High resolution array comparative genomic hybridization of 56 cases of SMZL delineated a minimally deleted region (2.8 Mb) at 7q32, but showed no evidence of any cryptic homozygous deletion or recurrent breakpoint in this region. Integrated transcriptomic analysis confirmed significant under-expression of a number of genes in this region in cases of SMZL with deletion, several of which showed hypermethylation. In addition, a cluster of 8 miRNA in this region showed under-expression in cases with the deletion, and three (miR-182/96/183) were also significantly under-expressed (P<0.05) in SMZL relative to other lymphomas. Genomic sequencing of these miRNA and IRF5, a strong candidate gene, did not show any evidence of somatic mutation in SMZL. These observations provide valuable guidance for further characterisation of 7q deletion.

Revitalização da Marginal do Mindelo

As relações das cidades com suas frentes de água (waterfront) têm-se tornado tema de grande actualidade do urbanismo contemporâneo. A revitalização de zonas, urbano-portuárias subutilizados é parte desse movimento e elemento paradigmático das políticas urbanísticas mais avançadas das cidades portuárias modernas. Reflectir sobre esses processos buscando parale-los para o contexto da cidade do Mindelo é a base principal desta dissertação. Desta forma, esta dissertação tem como tema de desenvolvimento “os espaços públicos e a revitalização da antiga área portuária e da faixa da marginal”.

The marginal propensity to spend on adult children

We examine how much of an extra dollar of parental lifetime resources willultimately be passed on to adult children in the form of inter vivostransfers and bequests. We infer bequests from the stock of wealth late inlife. We use mortality rates and age specific estimates of the response oftransfers and wealth to permanent income to compute the expected presentdiscounted values of these responses to permanent income. Our estimatesimply parents pass on between 2 and 3 cents out of an extra dollar ofexpected lifetime resources in bequests and about 2 cents in transfers.The estimates increase with parental income and are smaller for nonwhites.They imply that about 15 percent of the effect of parental income onlifetime resources of adult children is through transfers and bequestsand about 85 percent is through the intergenerational correlation inearnings, although these estimates are sensitive to assumptions about theintergenerational earnings correlation, taxes, and the number of children.We compare our estimates to the implications of alternative computablebenchmark models of savings behavior in order to assess the likelyimportance of intended bequests for the wealth/income relationship.

Adaptation to marginal habitats

The ability to adapt to marginal habitats, in which survival and reproduction are initially poor, plays a crucial role in the evolution of ecological niches and species ranges. Adaptation to marginal habitats may be limited by genetic, developmental, and functional constraints, but also by consequences of demographic characteristics of marginal populations. Marginal populations are often sparse, fragmented, prone to local extinctions, or are demographic sinks subject to high immigration from high-quality core habitats. This makes them demographically and genetically dependent on core habitats and prone to gene flow counteracting local selection. Theoretical and empirical research in the past decade has advanced our understanding of conditions that favor adaptation to marginal habitats despite those limitations. This review is an attempt at synthesis of those developments and of the emerging conceptual framework.

Maturation of marginal zone and follicular B cells requires B cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family and is independent of B cell maturation antigen.

B cells undergo a complex series of maturation and selection steps in the bone marrow and spleen during differentiation into mature immune effector cells. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) (BLyS/TALL-1) plays an important role in B cell homeostasis. BAFF and its close homologue a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) have both been shown to interact with at least two receptors, B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and transmembrane activator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), however their relative contribution in transducing BAFF signals in vivo remains unclear. To functionally inactivate both BAFF and APRIL, mice transgenic for a soluble form of TACI were generated. They display a developmental block of B cell maturation in the periphery, leading to a severe depletion of marginal zone and follicular B2 B cells, but not of peritoneal B1 B cells. In contrast, mice transgenic for a soluble form of BCMA, which binds APRIL, have no detectable B cell phenotype. This demonstrates a crucial role for BAFF in B cell maturation and strongly suggests that it signals via a BCMA-independent pathway and in an APRIL-dispensable way.