Avaliação da assistência pré-natal e puerperal desenvolvida no município de Araçuaí/MG, conforme o programa de humanização do pré-natal e nascimento (PHPN) do ministério da saúde

OBJETIVO: avaliar a adequação do cuidado assistencial pré-natal realizado no município de Araçuaí/MG ao longo do tempo, conforme os critérios propostos pelo Programa de Humanização do Pré-Natal e Nascimento (PHPN) do Ministério da Saúde. MÉTODO: estudo observacional a partir de dados secundários registrados no SISPRENATAL referentes a todas as unidades ambulatoriais de saúde do município em dois biênios distintos: 2004/2005 e 2009/2010, utilizando-se os indicadores de assistência do próprio SISPRENATAL. RESULTADOS: observou-se uma piora nos percentuais dos indicadores da assistência pré-natal do município, com uma diminuição global em todos os critérios avaliados pelo SISPRENATAL. Houve queda percentual de 7% no índice de cobertura pré-natal e de 10,75% no de captação precoce. Apesar do decréscimo mínimo (2,15%) no percentual das gestantes que realizaram 6 consultas pré-natais, viu-se que aquelas que realizaram as 6 consultas acrescidas dos exames básicos ou consulta puerperal diminuíram consideravelmente (queda percentual de 10,29% para consulta de puerpério e de 11,04% para realização dos exames básicos), refletindo manutenção do acolhimento das gestantes pelos serviços, mas atendimento com menor integralidade e abrangência. A administração da vacinação antitetânica, ação básica de saúde, também decresceu, com percentual de 9,23% menor no segundo biênio analisado. A realização do teste anti-HIV caiu percentualmente 11,88%. Houve diminuição de 29,45% na realização dos dois testes de VDRL preconizados. CONCLUSÕES: a notória queda nos índices relativos à assistência pré-natal no município de Araçuaí, que já estavam aquém das metas almejadas, confirma a necessidade de adequação dos serviços assistenciais da mulher, a fim de diminuir os agravos perinatais. Para tanto, urge utilizar os dados desta análise pelos gestores e pelas equipes de saúde para identificação dos nós críticos no processo de atendimento e reorganização dos serviços, com planejamento de ações mais adequadas que diminuam a morbimortalidade materno/fetal. Sugere-se, inclusive, manter a premissa de monitoria intermitente da assistência pré-natal realizada nas unidades de saúde municipais, para manutenção da qualidade do atendimento.

Principais agravos de saúde da pessoa idosa: síndromes geriátricas: demência

'Principais agravos de saúde da pessoa idosa (síndromes geriátricas)' é o Módulo 05 do Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Pessoa Idosa da UNA-SUS/UERJ. Dividido em 03 unidades, este módulo aborda os aspectos mais relevantes relacionados às síndromes geriátricas, tais como: as alterações cognitivas e as síndromes demenciais, o desequilíbrio e as vertigens e as incontinências. O recurso textual apresenta a Unidade 1 do Módulo 5 e aborda especificamente o esquecimento, sua prevalência e alterações provocadas. Também é apresentado o Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve (CCL), seus sintomas e sua avaliação clínica, além da relação com o Alzheimer. Por fim, aborda-se características clínicas mais comuns, prevalência, avaliação complementar, diagnóstico diferencial, sintomas neuropsicológicos associados e plano de cuidado.

Saúde do adolescente: principais agravos clínicos na adolescencia

O vídeo apresenta as questões relacionadas ao sobrepeso na adolescência e as medidas mais importantes a serem tomadas, tais como: comer mais de 5 porções de frutas ou vegetais por dia, realizar atividades físicas, não consumir refrigerantes e refeições fast food, entre outras.

Principais agravos na saúde da criança: caso clínico [infecção das vias aéreas]

Vídeo produzido com o GoAnimate! em que Maria Teresa leva seu filho, Pedro, para se consultar com Dra. Fátima, pois ele tem apresentado tosse, dificuldade para respirar e febre. Após avaliação a Dra. Fátima concluiu que Pedro apresenta infecção das vias aéreas.

Atenção Básica: espaço de empoderamento do individuo, Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Agravos

A Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) “Domingas Rolim Mourão” localizada em Urucurituba, município do interior do estado do Amazonas, atende 810 famílias, sendo os casos de Hipertensão e o Diabetes, os mais frequentes observados na referida unidade. Assim sendo, este projeto tem como objetivo promover uma campanha multidisciplinar de conscientização da prevenção e controle da hipertensão e diabetes, integrando ações de educação em saúde desenvolvidas pela equipe de saúde da UBS e da equipe do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF). As ações a serem realizadas no PI, serão descritas a seguir, contemplando as seguintes etapas: pactuação das ações, organização e gestão do serviço, execução das ações e monitoramento e avaliação. Como resultados, espera-se sensibilizar a população acerca do controle glicêmico e arterial e identificar pacientes ainda não cadastrados, para iniciar o tratamento.

Transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade: proposta de avaliação neuropsicológica para diagnóstico

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. The aim of this research was to contribute more precisely to the diagnosis of ADHD, to propose a battery of neuropsychological assessment and to analyze the contribution of each test. We studied 10 matched pairs of children with ADHD and normal controls (7 to 11 years). Inclusion criteria were: presence of ADHD typical behavior, positive diagnosis of ADHD based on DSM-IV, normal IQ, normal neurological examination and parental consent. We used extensive neuropsychological battery. The results showed differential sensitivity for detection of attentional problems in children with ADHD, although most tests did not reach statistical significance. The item, errors, of WCST revealed statistically significant difference between the two groups: ADHD performance was inferior to controls . In conclusion the neuropsychological assessment battery used in this research contributed to the diagnosis of ADHD.

Método para avaliação da conduta visual de lactentes

The purpose of this study is to introduce a method to evaluate visual functions in infants in the first three months of life. An adaptation of the Guide for the Assessment of Visual Ability in Infants (Gagliardo, 1997) was used. The instrument was a ring with string. It was implemented a pilot study with 33 infants, selected according to the following criteria: neonates well enough to go home within two days of birth; 1 to 3 months of chronological age; monthly evaluation with no absence; subjects living in Campinas/SP metropolitan area. In the first month we observed: visual fixation (93,9%); eye contact (90,9%); horizontal tracking (72,7%); inspects surroundings (97,0%). In the third month, we observed: inspects own hands (42,4%) and increased movements of arms (36,4%). This method allowed the evaluation of visual functions in infants, according to the chronological age. Alterations in this function will facilitate immediate referral to medical services for diagnoses.

Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para o ensino médio: avaliação de documento

This text offers some contributions to the debate on the changes proposed to the National Curricular Directives to reform secondary education in Brazil. In the first part, the political and economic scene is evaluated as the context which generated the last stage of reforms in the educational field in the 90s. It questions the option for a model of structural reform (in the Brazilian case more restricted to the Program for Reform of Professional Education - PROEP) and of the curriculum, whose themes find their justification in the contemporary economic, social cultural and political context. It discusses the use of a model that bases itself on experiences developed in other countries and takes the international orientation of the multilateral organizations as its theoretical methodological reference, leaving out the peculiarities and injunctions of the Brazilian political administrative system. Such a policy measure can increase the tension and distance normally existing between government programs and the possibility of their real implementation in the school network. In the second part, it discusses the Resolution of the National Education Council, the Congress on Basic Education, no.3, of 16.698 that instituted the National Curricular Directives for secondary education, as well as the Legal Bases - Part I - of the National Curricular Parameters for secondary education. The analysis of official discourse takes Bardin's (1977, p. 209) proposals as its methodological reference for the models of structural analysis, seeking to make the implicit values and the connotations of the legal texts explicit

Avaliação do teor e da estabilidade de vitaminas do complexo B e vitamina C em bebidas isotônicas e energéticas

Vitamin C stability and concentration was evaluated in isotonic beverages and B group vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6) in power beverages. The amount of vitamins was found to be above of that declared on the labels, even after the shelf life had been exceeded. A small decrease in the amount of B group vitamins was observed during the shelf life of the products. In the case of vitamin C this decrease was slightly higher. The present research shows the need of increased quality control and inspection.

Determinação do perfil de compostos voláteis e avaliação do sabor e aroma de bebidas produzidas a partir da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

Volatile compounds from green and roasted yerba mate were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the flavor profile from yerba mate beverages was determined by descriptive quantitative analyses. The main compounds tentatively identified in green mate were linalool, alpha-terpineol and trans-linalool oxide and in roasted mate were (E,Z)-2,4-heptadienal isomers and 5-methylfurfural. Green mate infusion was qualified as having bitter taste and aroma as well as green grass aroma while roasted mate was defined as having a smooth, slightly burnt aroma. The relationship between the tentatively identified compounds and flavor must be determined by olfatometric analysis.

Contaminação de águas subterrâneas por pesticidas: avaliação preliminar

A discussion about groundwater contamination is presented in this work. Contamination by agricultural activity, more specifically by pesticides is emphasized. Indirect and direct estimates could be used to predict pesticide behavior in soil, and consequently, to evaluate the potential of groundwater contamination. These results could be applied to advise about the possibility of groundwater contamination by pesticides, and to provide subsidies for making decisions more quickly and efficiently.

Quantificação de antimônio em garrafas de politereftalato de etileno (PET) brasileiras por fluorescência de raios-X e avaliação quimiométrica para verificar a presença de pet reciclado através do teor de ferro

Antimony is a common catalyst in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate used for food-grade bottles manufacturing. However, antimony residues in final products are transferred to juices, soft drinks or water. The literature reports mentions of toxicity associated to antimony. In this work, a green, fast and direct method to quantify antimony, sulfur, iron and copper, in PET bottles by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is presented. 2.4 to 11 mg Sb kg-1 were found in 20 samples analyzed. The coupling of the multielemental technique to chemometric treatment provided also the possibility to classify PET samples between bottle-grade PET/recycled PET blends by Fe content.

Sulfetos volatilizáveis por acidificação e metais extraídos simultaneamente na avaliação de sedimentos de água doce

This paper discusses the historical and methodological fundaments of the dynamics and quantification of acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in aquatic sediments. It also discusses the SEM/AVS relationship, which involves several controversial aspects such as sulfide stability, sulfide-organic matter interaction, and the inability to predict the toxicity of organic compounds in the environment. This relationship is an important tool for the inference of metal bioavailability. The use of ecotoxicological tests with target organisms regulated by international standards is also a relevant aspect.

Avaliação por SAXS e DSC das interações entre H2O e Renex-100

The aggregation behavior of the non-ionic surfactant Renex-100 in aqueous solutions and mesophases was evaluated by SAXS in a wide range of concentrations, between 20 and 30 °C. Complementary, water interactions were defined by DSC curves around 0°C. SAXS showed that the system undergoes the following phase transitions, from diluted to concentrated aqueous solutions: 1) isotropic solution of Renex aggregates; 2) hexagonal mesophase; 3) lamellar mesophase; and 4) isotropic solution. DSC analysis indicated the presence of interfacial water above 70wt%, which agreed with the segregation of free water to form the structural mesophases observed by SAXS bellow this concentration.

Avaliação de técnicas de classificação digital de imagens landsat em diferentes padrões de cobertura da terra em Rondônia

Remotely sensed imagery has been widely used for land use/cover classification thanks to the periodic data acquisition and the widespread use of digital image processing systems offering a wide range of classification algorithms. The aim of this work was to evaluate some of the most commonly used supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms under different landscape patterns found in Rondônia, including (1) areas of mid-size farms, (2) fish-bone settlements and (3) a gradient of forest and Cerrado (Brazilian savannah). Comparison with a reference map based on the kappa statistics resulted in good to superior indicators (best results - K-means: k=0.68; k=0.77; k=0.64 and MaxVer: k=0.71; k=0.89; k=0.70 respectively for three areas mentioned). Results show that choosing a specific algorithm requires to take into account both its capacity to discriminate among various spectral signatures under different landscape patterns as well as a cost/benefit analysis considering the different steps performed by the operator performing a land cover/use map. it is suggested that a more systematic assessment of several options of implementation of a specific project is needed prior to beginning a land use/cover mapping job.