Effects of solar UV radiation on morphology and photosynthesis of filamentous cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis

To study the impact of solar UV radiation (UVR) (280 to 400 nm) on the filamentous cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, we examined the morphological changes and photosynthetic performance using an indoor-grown strain (which had not been exposed to sunlight for decades) and an outdoor-grown strain (which had been grown under sunlight for decades) while they were cultured with three solar radiation treatments: PAB (photosynthetically active radiation [PAR] plus UVR; 280 to 700 nm), PA (PAR plus UV-A; 320 to 700 nm), and P (PAR only; 400 to 700 nm). Solar UVR broke the spiral filaments of A. platensis exposed to full solar radiation in short-term low-cell-density cultures. This breakage was observed after 2 h for the indoor strain but after 4 to 6 h for the outdoor strain. Filament breakage also occurred in the cultures exposed to PAR alone; however, the extent of breakage was less than that observed for filaments exposed to full solar radiation. The spiral filaments broke and compressed when high-cell-density cultures were exposed to full solar radiation during long-term experiments. When UV-B was screened off, the filaments initially broke, but they elongated and became loosely arranged later (i.e., there were fewer spirals per unit of filament length). When UVR was filtered out, the spiral structure hardly broke or became looser. Photosynthetic 0, evolution in the presence of UVR was significantly suppressed in the indoor strain compared to the outdoor strain. UVR-induced inhibition increased with exposure time, and it was significantly lower in the outdoor strain. The concentration of UV-absorbing compounds was low in both strains, and there was no significant change in the amount regardless of the radiation treatment, suggesting that these compounds were not effectively used as protection against solar UVR. Self-shading, on the other hand, produced by compression of the spirals over adaptive time scales, seems to play an important role in protecting this species against deleterious UVR. Our findings suggest that the increase in UV-B irradiance due to ozone depletion not only might affect photosynthesis but also might alter the morphological development of filamentous cyanobacteria during acclimation or over adaptive time scales.

~(239)Pa的鉴别及其特性

利用60 MeV/u18O离子束轰击天然铀靶,经多核子转移反应生成重丰中子核素239Pa。用放射化学方法从被照射的靶中分离出镤。借助于239Pa和它的子体239U的γ射线观测和分析,鉴别了239Pa,测得239Pa的半衰期为(106±30)min。长寿命同位素,如232Th和238U,可给出一个测定核合成持续时间的可能性,而中等寿命同位素,如235U,则可给出有关产生函数时间历史的信息。总地说来,通过232Th/238U2、35U/238U或244Pu/238U的比率,用公式NA(Δ)/NB(Δ)=(PA/PB)f(λA,λB,S0,λR,Δ)便可推导出宇宙年龄。由239Pa的衰变途径,可简单叙述239Pa的异常长的半衰期对于宇宙年龄估计的影响。

用二异丙酮溶剂萃取~(233)Pa(Ⅴ)

用233Pa作示踪剂,苯作稀释剂,研究了二异丙酮(Di-iso-propyl-ketone)对Pa的溶剂萃取行为。分析了萃取效率与震荡时间、不同种类的无机酸浓度和萃取剂浓度的关系及F-对Pa溶剂萃取的影响。结果表明,二异丙酮是萃取Pa的一种优良的萃取剂;二异丙酮-盐酸体系适用于Pa的萃取研究。

甲基异丁基酮萃取Pa(Ⅴ)的研究

为了快速萃取分离Pa,并了解Pa在水溶液中的化学性质,以甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)为萃取剂,苯为稀释剂,以233Pa为示踪剂,研究了盐酸溶液中Pa(Ⅴ)的萃取行为,讨论了萃取时间、盐酸浓度、萃取剂浓度和HF对萃取Pa(Ⅴ)的影响。结果表明,萃取在10 s内达到平衡,甲基异丁基酮能够从大于8 mol/L的HCl溶液中定量萃取Pa,同时HCl介质中加入少量的HF会严重改变Pa的萃取行为。

在pA碰撞中K~±,η和ф介子的阈下产生

简要评述了在pA碰撞过程中K±,η和ф介子的阈下产生及其对应的物理含义。这些介子的阈下产生都可以在兰州CSR上实现,特别是通过pA碰撞实现ф介子的阈下产生还没有看到实验数据的报道。

磷酸三丁脂萃取Pa(Ⅴ)的研究

以TBP(磷酸三丁脂)为萃取剂,苯为稀释剂,以233Pa为示踪剂,研究盐酸溶液中Pa(Ⅴ)的萃取行为。讨论了盐酸浓度、萃取剂浓度对Pa(Ⅴ)萃取的影响。同时萃取时间对萃取的影响也进行了讨论。

串联分子泵获得10~(-9)Pa真空的实验研究

介绍了采用两级分子泵串联系统获得 10 - 9Pa真空度的实验研究。实验证明 ,通过串联一台分子泵 ,可以有效地提高系统对氢气的压缩比 ,显著提高系统的极限压强。

Liquid-liquid extraction of Pa-233(V) with Aliquat 336

The extraction of protactinium with Aliquat 336 (methyl-tri-caprylyl ammonium chloride) in toluene, cyclohexane and chloroform from HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, HF and mixed HCl-HF media was investigated by radioactive tracer technique. Distribution ratios of protactinium between the aqueous solution and the organic phase were determined as a function of shaking time, concentrations of acid in aqueous solution phase, extractant concentration and type of diluents in the organic phase. Aliquat 336 can almost quantitatively extract protactinium from strong HCl solution. At the same time, small amounts of HF in HCl solutions have a strong effect on Pa distribution.

Pa-239 may influence astrophysics study

The estimation method of the universe age using the nuclear cosmochronology by the heavy chronometers is essentialized. The influence of the novel long half-life of Pa-239 on the universe age estimation is simply mentioned.

Properties of ethylene-propylene copolymer/PA-1010 blends using ethylene-propylene copolymer-graft-acrylic acid as a compatibilizing agent

The modification of ethylene-propylene copolymer (EP) has been accomplished by radical EP-graft-acrylic acid (EP-g-AA) has been used to obtain ternary PA/EP/EP-g-AA blends by melt mixing. Different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy; the domain size of the EP-dispersed phase in the polyamide 1010 matrix of compatibilized blends decreased compared with that of uncompatibilized blends. It is found that EP-g-AA used as the third component has a profound effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting blends. This behavior has been attributed to serious chemical interactions taking place between the two components. Thermal analysis shows that some thermal properties of PA in compatibilized PA/EP/EP-g-AA changed because of chemical reactions taken place during the blending process. Wide angle x-ray diffraction measurements also confirmed this result. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.