Baccharis dracunculifolia: uma das principais fontes vegetais da própolis brasileira

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Características físico-químicas e sensoriais de embutido fresco de aves de descarte preparado com diferentes antioxidantes naturais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aditivos fitogênicos na dieta de frangos de corte: desempenho, qualidade de carne e estabilidade oxidativa da carne e sangue

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo de repelência com diversos produtos de origem natural em operárias de Apis mellifera em semi-campo

Accidents involving insects of the Hymenoptera order occur very often with both human beings and domestic pets and, in Brazil, they include aggravated cases with Africanized bees (Apis mellifera). The aggravation of deforestation and the lack of awareness regarding the subject are factors that contribute to the rise of the number of bees in the urban environment. This fact has been causing several derangements among the population because, once these insects are bothered, they become very aggressive. Considering the risks to population and the great amount of accidents that could be avoided, the development of researches with the goal of determining repelling substances is rather important. Therefore, this research evaluated the repelling action of essential natural oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus oficinalis), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), cedar (Juniperus virginiana), clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and mint (Mentha piperita) on A. mellifera Africanized worker bees in both semi-field and aggressiveness tests. Among the evaluated composites, the lemongrass, mint and clove essential natural oils presented a grater repelling effect, inhibiting the bees’ visitation to the managed feeders almost completely. The cedar essential natural oil was the least effective composite, and the rest of the tested oils presented satisfactory repellency, which became less effective over time, according to non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. However, further tests showed that only the lemongrass essential natural oil caused a less aggressive response from the bees, which can confirm the repelling power of this composite. This way, according to the results obtained through this research, lemongrass presents a greater potential to the development of effective repelling formulas against Africanized bees (Apis mellifera)

Efeitos dos derivados vegetais de condimentos nas características de qualidade e vida de prateleira de linguiça de frango fresca

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aspectos físicos e fisiológicos de sementes de Fimbristylis dicothoma relacionados à germinação e dormência

In the seeds of pioneer plants, the application of treatments for breaking dormancy, and selection by colour and size, are strategies for obtaining seeds of less dormancy and better germination performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the physical and physiological aspects of seeds of the tall fringe-rush (Fimbristylis dichotoma) on germination and dormancy. To do this, the seeds were submitted to the following treatments in three studies: (i) control, immersion in H2SO4 (98%, 36N) for 1 minute, immersion in KNO3 (1, 2 and 3%) for 15 minutes, seeding on a substrate moistened with KNO3 (0.2%) and exposure for 5 and 10 hours in a forced air circulation oven at 40 and 70 degrees C; (ii) classification of the seeds by colour (light and dark) and application of the following treatments: control, immersion of the seeds in H2SO4 (98%, 36N) for 1 and 2 minutes, immersion in KNO3 (5% and 10%) for 15 and 30 minutes and seeding on a substrate moistened with KNO3 (0.2%); (iii) classification by size (0.60, 0.50 and 0.40 mm) and germination on a substrate moistened with KNO3 (0.2%) or distilled H2O. The seeds were evaluated by germination test, first count and germination speed index. Moistening the substrate with KNO3 (0.2%), and heat treatment at 40 degrees C for 10 hours improve performance in seeds of the tall fringe-rush. Light-coloured seeds do not display dormancy. Medium-sized seeds of the tall fringe-rush show better performance in terms of percentage and speed of germination.

Elaboração de produto cárneo de tilápia com antioxidantes visando sua utilização como recheio ou acompanhamento de refeição

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effi ciency of oregano, sage, moringa and rosemary as natural antioxidants and propyl gallate as artifi cial antioxidant used in “stuffed food” made with CMS of tilapia (minced fi sh) and stored frozen for 120 days. Protein, fat, moisture and ashes determination, microbiological analysis and sensory evaluations were conducted in the beginning and the end of storage period. TBARS, BNVT, pH and psychrotrophic microorganism count were determined periodically. The antioxidants interfered in pH (6.17 and 6.55) and TBARS values during 120 days under freezing (-18o C). The lowest TBA values were found for oregano (0.158 mg de MDA. kg-1) and sage (0.186 mg de MDA.kg-1). The stuffed food made with CMS of tilapia, without antioxidant, had the most oxidation, and sage and moringa were not good source of antioxidant. BNVT values (11.41 – 12.35 mgN.100g-1) were not altered. The lowest pH value was found for the product with sage (6.20), but similar to the moringa and propyl gallate, while oregano and rosemary showed the highest values (6.63 and 6.29), at 5 days of storage. Microbiological analyses were in accordance with Brazilian legislation. Sensory evaluation indicated that the panelists preferred the formulations made with oregano and propyl gallate. The results showed that it is feasible to elaborate stuffed food made with CMS of tilapia as an alternative for the fi shery´s consumption, and sage was the most effi cient natural antioxidant among those tested in this study.

Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C: diversidade genética e química de populações

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Quitosana e óleos essenciais no controle de antracnose e na qualidade pós-colheita de abacates

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Comparative Studies of the (Anti) Mutagenicity of Baccharis dracunculifolia and Artepillin C by the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test

Baccharis dracunculifolia is a plant native from Brazil, commonly known as 'Alecrim-do-campo' and 'Vassoura' and used in alternative medicine for the treatment of inflammation, hepatic disorders and stomach ulcers. Previous studies reported that artepillin C (ArtC, 3-{4-hydroxy-3,5-di(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenyl}-2(E)-propenoic acid), is the main compound of interest in the leaves. This study was undertaken to assess the mutagenic effect of the ethyl acetate extract of B. dracunculifolia leaves (Bd-EAE: 11.4-182.8 mu g/plate) and ArtC (0.69-10.99 mu g/plate) by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA97a, TA100 and TA102, and to compare the protective effects of Bd-EAE and ArtC against the mutagenicity of a variety of direct and indirect acting mutagens such as 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, sodium azide, mitomycin C, benzo[a]pyrene, aflatoxin B1, 2-aminoanthracene and 2-aminofluorene. The mutagenicity test showed that Bd-EAE and ArtC did not induce an increase in the number of revertant colonies indicating absence of mutagenic activity. ArtC showed a similar antimutagenic effect to that of Bd-EAE in some strains of S. typhimurium, demonstrating that the antimutagenic activity of Bd-EAE can be partially attributed to ArtC. The present results showed that the protective effect of whole plant extracts is due to the combined and synergistic effects of a complex mixture of phytochemicals, the total activity of which may result in health benefits.

Pattern of humoral immune response to Plasmodium falciparum blood stages in individuals presenting different clinical expressions of malaria

Abstract Background The development of protective immunity against malaria is slow and to be maintained, it requires exposure to multiple antigenic variants of malaria parasites and age-associated maturation of the immune system. Evidence that the protective immunity is associated with different classes and subclasses of antibodies reveals the importance of considering the quality of the response. In this study, we have evaluated the humoral immune response against Plasmodium falciparum blood stages of individuals naturally exposed to malaria who live in endemic areas of Brazil in order to assess the prevalence of different specific isotypes and their association with different malaria clinical expressions. Methods Different isotypes against P. falciparum blood stages, IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, IgE and IgA, were determined by ELISA. The results were based on the analysis of different clinical expressions of malaria (complicated, uncomplicated and asymptomatic) and factors related to prior malaria exposure such as age and the number of previous clinical malaria attacks. The occurrence of the H131 polymorphism of the FcγIIA receptor was also investigated in part of the studied population. Results The highest levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies were observed in individuals with asymptomatic and uncomplicated malaria, while highest levels of IgG4, IgE and IgM antibodies were predominant among individuals with complicated malaria. Individuals reporting more than five previous clinical malaria attacks presented a predominance of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies, while IgM, IgA and IgE antibodies predominated among individuals reporting five or less previous clinical malaria attacks. Among individuals with uncomplicated and asymptomatic malaria, there was a predominance of high-avidity IgG, IgG1, IgG2 antibodies and low-avidity IgG3 antibodies. The H131 polymorphism was found in 44.4% of the individuals, and the highest IgG2 levels were observed among asymptomatic individuals with this allele, suggesting the protective role of IgG2 in this population. Conclusion Together, the results suggest a differential regulation in the anti-P. falciparum antibody pattern in different clinical expressions of malaria and showed that even in unstable transmission areas, protective immunity against malaria can be observed, when the appropriated antibodies are produced.

Composição química da folha e do caule de Calamintha baetica

A área das plantas aromáticas e medicinais teve uma dinâmica de crescimento notável nos últimos anos incentivada pela procura de novos produtos bioativos mas também como fonte de nutrientes. O género Calamintha pertence à família Lamiaceae e em Portugal o seu uso está intrinsecamente associado às suas propriedades aromáticas, condimentares, ornamentais ou medicinais, tendo como exemplos a Salvia (salva), Ocimum (manjericão), Origanum (orégão), Mentha (hortelã), Romarinus (alecrim), Melissa (erva cidreira) e Calamintha (erva-das-azeitonas). A espécie da planta Calamintha baetica Boiss et Heldr encontra-se largamente distribuída pela região do Mediterrâneo e é considerada uma espécie pioneira colonizadora, principalmente de prados secos; de berma dos caminhos rurais, de terrenos selvagens na orla dos pinhais. As folhas produzem um aroma agradável, entre hortelã e orégãos, sendo muito apreciadas para temperos na cozinha e para fazer infusões. Em alguns lugares é usada para temperar azeitona e talvez por isso seja também conhecida por erva-das-azeitonas, mas também é designada por nêveda ou calaminta. Neste trabalho pretende-se caracterizar a folha e o caule da espécie C. baetica no que respeita à sua composição química. Para o efeito quantificaram-se os seguintes parâmetros: humidade, cinzas, gordura, proteínas, hidratos de carbono e valor energético e também se estudou o perfil em ácidos gordos por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um detetor de ionização de chama (GC/FID). A amostra de folha de C. baetica revelou uma maior percentagem em proteína, com 11,81% (m.s.) e o caule em hidratos de carbono, com 20,54%. No que respeita a teores em gordura, a amostra de folha evidenciou valores ligeiramente superiores (3,30%, m.s.) aos do caule (1,13%, m.s.). A análise por cromatografia gasosa permitiu identificar três ácidos gordos maioritários (% relativas), entre os quais os polinsaturados α-linolénico, com 69,11% e 44,93% e o linoleico com 10,03% e 23,83% e ainda o saturado palmítico, com 11,55% e 17,09% para a amostra de folha e caule, respetivamente.

Desenho de deficiência visual: uma experiência no ensino de artes visuais na perspectiva da educação inclusiva

Over the past 30 years, Art Education in interface with disabilities has been a subject of increasing interest in research in academia, especially with regard to Special Education, but still has some shortages in terms of socialization studies to discuss this type of teaching from the perspective of inclusive education. In this scenario, this paper presents an analysis from the field of teaching Visual Arts in the context of school inclusion, with emphasis on teaching drawing to the visually impaired. The conducted literature indicates a number of authors who discuss teaching drawing to people with visual disabilities, who are dedicated primarily to the Special Education context. In this sense, the shortage of research that discuss this teaching from the perspective of inclusive education, this research aimed at the inclusive approach to teaching drawing in the school context. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a proposal for a pedagogical intervention in Visual Arts, with reference to drawing and its construction process, with the participation of seeing and unseeing students. Therefore, the methodological approach, which was qualitative, was the intervention research, in the light of the Bakhtinian principles of dialogism and otherness, with exploratory study characteristics. The locus of the research was the State School Admiral Newton Braga Faria, which is located in Alecrim, on the East Zone of Natal / RN and is near the Institute for Education and Rehabilitation of the Blind - IERC / RN. The class chosen for intervention was the 7th grade “C” afternoon shift, which had children aged 12 to 16, with 27 students enrolled, three students with disabilities: 02 blind girls and 01 deafblind boy with light hearing and visual loss. As interlocutors of the research, we could also count on the Art teacher who served as a collaborator, as well as teacher in the school’s Multifunction Resource Room. The instruments and research procedures were observation, semi-structured interview, field diary and the photo / video recording. In the development of research, we conducted 10 workshops with multisensory teaching sequences, articulating the physical, tactile and graphical expressions as intrinsic to the reading and production of drawing for both seeing and unseeing students. The process and data built on research allowed for a reflection on cultural experiences with drawing in the school context and on the interactions between seeing and unseeing students in the production and analysis of tactile-visual drawings. They also point out the construction of a teaching approach to drawing, in the context of the common class, from educational workshops that enable artistic and aesthetic interactions from the perspective of school inclusiveness. Thus, we argued that the mobilization of the tactile, physical and graphical expressions can be adopted in a multisensory approach that enables a pedagogical focus that involves all students and is not restricted to the presence of students with visual impairment.

O papel do flúor como agente corrosivo dos fios ortodônticos

O tratamento ortodôntico insere-se numa área da medicina dentária que se dedica ao estudo das formas de prevenir, interceptar e corrigir as más posições dos dentes e dos maxilares. Durante este tratamento é importante que os pacientes consigam manter uma boa higiene oral dos dentes e do aparelho, o que requer precisão e tempo. Para ajudar a manter a higiene oral os pacientes recorrem frequentemente ao uso de produtos fluoretados, que apesar dos seus benefícios como agentes na prevenção da cárie têm consequências no tratamento ortodôntico nomeadamente na corrosão dos fios ortodônticos. Através de uma revisão da literatura pretende-se explorar a relação entre o uso de flúor durante o tratamento ortodôntico com a corrosão dos fios mais usados nesse mesmo tratamento. Materiais e Métodos: Nesta revisão de literatura realizou-se pesquisa nas bases de dados electrónicas “Medline/PubMed”, e “B-On”; referências bibliográficas de artigos; livros de Medicina Dentária e pesquisa narrativa. Conclusão: O uso de agentes fluoretados tópicos pode induzir uma diminuição das propriedades mecânicas dos fios ortodônticos nomeadamente do níquel-titânio, e consequentemente provocar o prolongamento do tratamento ortodôntico. Os Ortodontistas devem ter em consideração o tipo de fio usado no tratamento no momento da prescrição de colutórios e outros agentes fluoretados.

Qualidade nutracêutica, suscetibilidade oxidativa e formação de aminas biogénicas na muxama

Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Segurança e Qualidade Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL