686 resultados para 898


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提出亚微秒单脉冲应力波载荷作用下II型裂纹的平板冲击实验技术。加载率为dK/dt-10~8MPa·m~{”/d}·s~{-1}。实验中由锰铜应力片和弹性波理论分别测定和计算了压应力;通过微观分析确定了动态裂纹的平均扩展长度;引进等效应力强度因子,用动态断裂理论确定了60号钢的动态断裂韧性K_{Id}和K_{IId};建立了亚微秒冲击载荷作用下确定材料动态断裂韧性的方法。

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In this paper we demonstrate how secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be applied to ZnO nanowire structures for gold catalyst residue determination. Gold plays a significant role in determining the structural properties of such nanowires, with the location of the gold after growth being a strong indicator of the growth mechanism. For the material investigated here, we find that the gold remains at the substrate-nanowire interface. This was not anticipated as the usual growth mechanism associated with catalyst growth is of a vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) type. The results presented here favour a vapour-solid (VS) growth mechanism instead. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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El gorgojo descortezador del pino Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., es el insecto más destructivo y de mayor importancia económica en los bosques de pino de Nicaragua. Este insecto se extiende desde el sur de los Estados Unidos hasta Honduras y Nicaragua, encontrándose junto a otras especies de Dendroctonus eI ps de la familia Scolytidae. En 1999 D. frontalisataco los municipios de Jalapa, Jícaro, San Fernando, Mozonte, Dipilto, Somoto, Cusmapa y Esteli. La afectación causada por D. frontalis fue de 32,359.41 Ha., que significó la pérdida del 50% del bosque equivalente a unos 3 millones de m³ de madera en rollo, causando pérdidas económicas de 38,898.842 millones de dólares y un cuantioso daño ambiental. Ante la situación de daño ocasionada por D. frontalis y la gran importancia que poseen los pinos en el departamento de Nueva Segovia por su potencial maderable, generación de divisas, fuente de empleo y beneficios ambientales, realizamos un estudio con el objetivo de determinar la dinámica poblacional de D. frontalis, otros descortezadores de pino y sus enemigos naturales en los municipios de Dipilto y Jícaro del Departamento de Nueva Segovia. El estudio se realizo durante el periodo de febrero 2004 a enero 2005. El monitoreo se realizó cada 15 días. Para el monitoreo se utilizaron trampas del tipo Lindgrennon-sticky funnel trap de 12 embudos con vaso colector, feromonas de agregación (frontalin®) y aguarrás como atrayentes. Los resultados obtenido fueron los siguientes. Se describió la dinámica poblacional de D. frontalis, en los municipios de Jicaro y Dipilto. El numero de insectos de D. frontalis fue estadísticamente mayor en dipilto que en Jicaro. Tambien se describió la dinámica poblacional de D. aproximatus, Ips sp. Xyleborus sp. Tomolips sp. y Cossonus sp. El numero de insectos de D. aproximatus, Xyleborus sp y Tomolips sp. fue estadísticamente mayor en Dipilto que en Jicaro. Por el contrario las poblaciones de Ips sp. fueron mayor en el municipio de Jicaro que en Dipilto y las poblaciones de Cossonus fueron estadísticamente similares en ambos municipios muestreados. Ademas, se describió la dinámica poblacional de los insectos depredadores de los descortezadores Temnochila sp. y Enoclerus sp. El depredador Temnochila se encontró en mayor numero que el depredador Enoclerus, aunque las poblaciones de ambos géneros fueron estadísticamente similares en ambos municipios.

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MeV An irradiation leads to a shape change of polystyrene (PS) and SiO2 particles from spherical to ellipsoidal, with an aspect ratio that can be precisely controlled by the ion fluence. Sub-micrometer PS and SiO2 particles were deposited on copper substrates and irradiated with Au ions at 230 K, using an ion energy and fluence ranging from 2 to 10 MeV and 1 x 10(14) ions/cm(2) to 1 x 10(15) ions/cm(2). The mechanisms of anisotropic deformation of PS and SiO2 particles are different because of their distinct physical and chemical properties. At the start of irradiation, the volume of PS particles decrease, then the aspect ratio increases with fluence, whereas for SiO2 particles the volume remains constant. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Con el propósito de evaluar el rendimiento y la capacidad de almacenamiento de catorce cultivares de cebolla (Allium Cap L.), se realizó un ensayo en el Centro experimental “Raúl González A”, del valle de Sebaco durante el periodo Diciembre 1987 a Julio 1,988 El método de siembra utilizado fue el de trasplante: el diseño experimental utilizado fue el de bloques completos al azar con 4 repeticiones y parcela experimental de 6 mts. De largo y 1.6 mts de Ancho. El área de la parcela útil fue de 5.4 mts2. Los paramentos evaluados fueron los siguientes: longitud de planta, numero de hojas, diámetro polar y ecuatorial, grados Srix porcentaje de plantas sin bulbo, porcentaje de bulbos dobles, porcentaje de bulbos enfermos y el rendimiento. En almacenamiento se evaluó el porcentaje de bulbos comerciales al final del almacenamiento. En base al ANDEVA y la prueba de Tukey al 5% de determino que las variedades Toro PRR ( 20.262 kg/ha), Grand prix (18.194 kg/ha) y Ringer Grano PRR (17.898) superan en rendimiento al resto de las variedades: Los materiales se sabe que no presentan los rendimientos más pobres, aunque se destaca el hecho de que los materiales mejorados superan al material original. En el almacenamiento mostrado un mejor comportamiento las variedades Yellow Granex y Red Creole con 80% de bulbos comerciales al final del periodo de almacenamiento.

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Designa o conjunto de incentivos tributários e administrativos que beneficia as Áreas de Livre Comércio, incluído o disposto nos arts. 26 e 27 da Lei nº 11.898, de 08/01/09.

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A feasible scheme for constructing quantum logic gates is proposed on the basis of quantum switches in cavity QED. It is shown that the light field which is fed into the cavity due to the passage of an atom in a certain state can be used to manipulate the conditioned quantum logical gate. In our scheme, the quantum information is encoded in the states of Rydberg atoms and the cavity mode is not used as logical qubits or as a communicating "bus"; thus, the effect of atomic spontaneous emission can be neglected and the strict requirements for the cavity can be relaxed.

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Tris-thenoyltrifluroacetonate of Nd3+ has been prepared and dissolved in DMF solation with very high concentration, and the contained hydrogen has not been substituted by deuterium. The absorption spectrum, emission spectrum, and fluorescence lifetime of the solution were measured. Very obvious characteristic fluorescence peaks were observed at 898 and 1058 nm. Based on Judd-Ofelt theory, three intensity parameters were obtained: Omega(2) = 4.9 x 10(-20) cm(2), Omega(4) = 5.1 x 10(-20) cm(2) and Omega(6) = 2.5 x 10(-20) cm(2). Line strengths S-cal, oscillator strengths f(cal), radiative transition probabilities A(ed), radiative lifetimes tau(r) and branch ratios beta were calculated too. The measured lifetime tau of 1058 nm peak is 460 mu s, and that of 898 nm 505 mu s. Comparison between theoretically computed radiative lifetime tau(r)(682 mu s) and the measured lifetime indicates that the non-radiative transition probability of the solution is very low and the fluorescence quantum efficiency very high. High values of three intensity parameters prove the high asymmetric surroundings of Nd3+, which is important for Nd3+ to absorb the excitation energy. Spectropic quality factor Omega(4)/Omega(6) > 1 makes radiation at 898 nm stronger than at 1058 nm.

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白宝石高温强度的降低主要是由于c轴方向受到压应力时产生r面双晶所引起的。高温强度的下降导致其抗热震性能降低,从而限制了白宝石晶体作为红外窗口和头罩材料的应用。白宝石晶体的强化主要以消除双晶核以及控制双晶的扩展来实现。本文分析了影响白宝石强度的主要因素,在此基础上对目前白宝石晶体强化的方法进行了总结和分析。

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There is increasing interest in the potential impacts that fishing activities have on megafaunal benthic invertebrates occurring in continental shelf and slope ecosystems. We examined how the structure, size, and high-density aggregations of invertebrates provided structural relief for fishes in continental shelf and slope ecosystems off southern California. We made 112 dives in a submersible at 32−320 m water depth, surveying a variety of habitats from high-relief rock to flat sand and mud. Using quantitative video transect methods, we made 12,360 observations of 15 structure-form-ing invertebrate taxa and 521,898 individuals. We estimated size and incidence of epizoic animals on 9105 sponges, black corals, and gorgonians. Size variation among structure-form-ing invertebrates was significant and 90% of the individuals were <0.5 m high. Less than 1% of the observations of organisms actually sheltering in or located on invertebrates involved fishes. From the analysis of spatial associations between fishes and large invertebrates, six of 108 fish species were found more often adjacent to invertebrate colonies than the number of fish predicted by the fish-density data from transects. This finding indicates that there may be spatial associations that do not necessarily include physical contact with the sponges and corals. However, the median distances between these six fish species and the invertebrates were not particularly small (1.0−5.5 m). Thus, it is likely that these fishes and invertebrates are present together in the same habitats but that there is not necessarily a functional relationship between these groups of organisms. Regardless of their associations with fishes, these invertebrates provide structure and diversity for continental shelf ecosystems off southern California and certainly deserve the attention of scientists undertaking future conservation efforts.