Iowa Health Focus, May 2000

Monthly newsletter for Iowa Department of Public Health

Maisteri Aili Palmen 2/12 1974

Kirje 2.12.1974

On Rothschild-Stiglitz as competitive pooling

Dubey and Geanakoplos [2002] have developed a theory of competitive pooling, which incorporates adverse selection and signaling into general equilibrium. By recasting the Rothschild-Stiglitz model of insurance in this framework, they find that a separating equilibrium always exists and is unique.We prove that their uniqueness result is not a consequence of the framework, but rather of their definition of refined equilibria. When other types of perturbations are used, the model allows for many pooling allocations to be supported as such: in particular, this is the case for pooling allocations that Pareto dominate the separating equilibrium.

Colonic movements in healthy subjects as monitored by a Magnet Tracking System.

The Magnet Tracking System (MTS) is a minimally-invasive technique of continuous evaluation of gastrointestinal motility. In this study, MTS was used to analyse colonic propulsive dynamics and compare the transit of a magnetic pill with that of standard radio-opaque markers. MTS monitors the progress in real time of a magnetic pill through the gut. Ten men and 10 women with regular daily bowel movements swallowed this pill and 10 radio-opaque markers at 8 pm. Five hours of recordings were conducted during 2 following mornings. Origin, direction, amplitude and velocity of movements were analysed relative to space-time plots of the pill trajectory. Abdominal radiographs were taken to compare the progress of both pill and markers. The magnetic pill lay idle for 90% of its sojourn in the colon; its total retrograde displacement accounted for only 20% of its overall movement. Analysis of these movements showed a bimodal distribution of velocities: around 1.5 and 50 cm min(-1), the latter being responsible for 2/3 of distance traversed. There were more movements overall and more mass movements in males. Net hourly forward progress was greater in the left than right colon, and greater in males. The position of the magnetic pill correlated well with the advancement of markers. MTS showed patterns and propulsion dynamics of colonic segments with as yet unmet precision. Detailed analysis of slow and fast patterns of colonic progress makes it possible to specify the motility of colonic segments, and any variability in gender. Such analysis opens up promising avenues in studies of motility disorders.

Maanhankintalaki

Puhe

Interstitial pregnancies' diagnosis and management: an eleven cases series.

PRINCIPLES: Interstitial pregnancy represents 2% of ectopic pregnancies, but it is a highly morbid condition with a 2.5% of maternal mortality. Its diagnostic and therapeutic management remains controversial. The aim of this review is to describe the management of interstitial pregnancy in our institution between 2001 and 2011 and to define some general rules for the clinical practice. METHODS: Single institution retrospective study. RESULTS: Eleven women were treated for interstitial pregnancy. The median age was 33 years and the median gestity was 4. Seven patients had a history of gynaecological surgery and four interstitial pregnancies followed in vitro fertilisation. The diagnosis was made at a median gestational age of seven weeks with a median beta-HCG level of 5,838 U/l. Six of the eleven patients received an initial treatment with intracornual methotrexate, three with intramuscular methotrexate and two with surgery. The median time to beta-HCG resolution was 58 days. Three of the eleven patients needed a second line treatment: two after intramuscular methotrexate and one after intracornual methotrexate. Six patients had further pregnancies and delivered by caesarean section. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of previous ectopic pregnancies, gynaecological surgery and of pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilisation was observed. The earliness of the diagnosis was the factor that allowed a conservative treatment in most cases. Beta-HCG level follow up was fundamental in allowing a second line therapy but beta-HCG can persist over a long period of time and this must be taken into account due to its possible psychological impact. Intracornual methotrexate seems to be more efficacious than intramuscular methotrexate in our series.

Comportamiento y eficiencia de la red de arrastre pelágico Engel 988/400 en el estudio de recursos pelágicos. Crucero BIC Humboldt 9803-05 de Tumbes a Tacna

Se presentan los resultados del comportamiento de la red de arrastre pelágico modelo alemán Engel 988/400 utilizada para la evaluación de los recursos pelágicos anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), sardina (Sardinops sagax sagax), jurel (Trachurus picturatus murphyi), caballa (Scomber japonicus peruanus) y samasa (Anchoa nasus) durante el Crucero Hidroacústico 9803-05 a bordo del BIC Humboldt entre Caleta La Cruz, Tumbes y Los Palos, Tacna, del 20 de marzo al 7 de mayo 1998. Se determinó la distancia entre puertas, el área de la boca de la red y el volumen de agua filtrada que tuvo la red en los arrastres efectivos de una milla náutica de distancia durante los 144 lances de comprobación, obteniéndose un buen rendimiento; se capturó un total de 39.912,14 kg, correspondiendo para anchoveta 16.838,15 kg, sardina 6.800,74 kg, jurel 1.384 kg, caballa 1.404,58 kg, samasa 8.071,8 kg y otros recursos hidrobiológicos 5.413,48 kg, con un índice de captura (CPUE) de 788,79 kg/h. Los valores de datos de comportamiento de la red como la abertura horizontal de la boca, abertura vertical, profundidad de la red y distancia entre la relinga inferior al fondo, etc., se obtuvo en forma directa por medio de una net sonda FS 900 SIMRAD, los arrastres tuvieron en promedio una duración de de 20,8 minutos con una velocidad de arrastre promedio de 3 nudos.

El fitoplancton en la primavera 2008. Crucero Oceanográfico BIC Olaya 0810-11

Los volúmenes de plancton fluctuaron entre 0,015 mL.m-3 (Pisco) y 4,648 mL.m-3 (Chimbote), promedio 0,838 mL.m-3, el 79% de estaciones tuvo volúmenes <1,0 mL.m-3. La predominancia del fitoplancton alcanzó 34%. El análisis de comunidades discriminó la formación de dos grupos: 1) estaciones con especies en fases iniciales de sucesión dentro de las 50 mn (Chaetoceros spp., Detonula pumila y Thalassiosira subtilis) y 2) con especies de fases intermedias y típicas de aguas cálidas (Planktoniella sol, Thalassiosira cf. parteneia y Thalassiothrix longissima) asociadas a dinoflagelados cosmopolitas, que se distribuyeron por fuera de las 50 mn. Indicadores biológicos: Protoperidinium obtusum (ACF) se registró hasta las 60 mn; Ceratium breve, indicador de AES se registró frente a Chimbote (75 mn) y Paita (190 mn); Ceratium praelongum, indicador de ASS, se registró a 60 mn, llegando hasta 30 mn frente a Paita.

Daily smoking as a marker of weight control practices among female adolescents

Purpose: There is evidence indicating that adolescent females smoke as a way to control weight. The aim of our research is to assess whether daily smoking is a marker for weight control practices among adolescent females. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2002 Swiss Multicenter Adolescent Survey on Health (SMASH02) data base, a survey including 7,548 [3,838 females] in-school adolescents aged 16-20 years in Switzerland. Among females self-reporting BMI (N _ 3,761), two groups were drawn: daily smokers (DS, N _ 1,273) included all those smoking at least 1 cigarette/day and never smokers (NS, N _ 1,888) included all those having never smoked. Former (N _ 177) and occasional (N _ 423) smokers were not included. Groups were compared on weight control practices (being on a diet, self-induced vomiting, use of doctor-prescribed or over-the-counter appetite suppressors) controlling for possible confounding variables (age, BMI, feeling fat, body image, use of other substances, depression, sport practice, academic track and perceived advanced puberty). Analyses were performed with STATA 9. Bivariate analyses are presented as point-prevalence and multivariate analysis (using logistic regression) are presented as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and [95% confidence interval]. Results: In the bivariate analysis, DS females were significantly more likely (p _ 0.001) than NS to be on a diet (DS: 33.2%, NS: 22.2%), to self-induce vomiting (DS: 9.0%, NS: 3.3%), and to use doctor prescribed (DS: 2.3%, NS: 0.9%) or over-the-counter (DS: 3.2%, NS: 1.2%) appetite suppressors. In the multivariate analysis, DS females were more likely than NS to be on a diet (AOR: 1.40 [1.17/1.68]), to self-induce vomiting (AOR: 2.07 [1.45/2.97]), and to use doctor-prescribed appetite suppressors (AOR: 1.99 [1.00/ 3.96]). Conclusions: Weight control practices are more frequent among female daily smokers than among never smokers. This finding seems to confirm cigarette smoking as a way to control weight among adolescent females. Health professionals should inquire adolescent female smokers about weight control practices, and this association must be kept in mind when discussing tobacco cessation options with adolescent females. Sources of Support: The SMASH02 survey was funded by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health and the participating cantons.

Consensus 2012 sur le diagnostic et le traitement des patients atteints de démence en Suisse [Consensus 2012--diagnosis and treatment of patients with dementia in Switzerland].

The 2012 Swiss consensus paper on diagnosis and management of patients suffering from dementia resulted from the work of an expert panel who met on March 23d to 25th in Luzem. Based on a literature review, panel members wrote a first draft that was subsequently circulated among multiple dementia experts in Switzerland. After adaptation and revisions according to comments, all consulted dementia specialists and panel members fully endorse the consensus content. The conference was financed by the Swiss Alzheimer Forum.

Resting-brain functional connectivity predicted by analytic measures of network communication.

The complex relationship between structural and functional connectivity, as measured by noninvasive imaging of the human brain, poses many unresolved challenges and open questions. Here, we apply analytic measures of network communication to the structural connectivity of the human brain and explore the capacity of these measures to predict resting-state functional connectivity across three independently acquired datasets. We focus on the layout of shortest paths across the network and on two communication measures-search information and path transitivity-which account for how these paths are embedded in the rest of the network. Search information is an existing measure of information needed to access or trace shortest paths; we introduce path transitivity to measure the density of local detours along the shortest path. We find that both search information and path transitivity predict the strength of functional connectivity among both connected and unconnected node pairs. They do so at levels that match or significantly exceed path length measures, Euclidean distance, as well as computational models of neural dynamics. This capacity suggests that dynamic couplings due to interactions among neural elements in brain networks are substantially influenced by the broader network context adjacent to the shortest communication pathways.

[Illustrations de La Belle Dame sans mercy] / [Non identifié] ; Alain Chartier, aut. du texte

Comprend : [Pl. au Titre : la Belle Dame sans mercy et l'Amant.] [Cote : Res Ye 838/Microfilm R 1732] ; [Pl. au folio ai : la Belle Dame sans mercy et l'Amant.] [Cote : Res Ye 838/Microfilm R 1732]