Microstructure and Texture Evolution in Interstitial-free (IF) Steel processed by Multi-Axial Forging

In this study, severe plastic deformation (SPD) of Ti-bearing interstitial-free steel was carried out by multi-axial forging (MAF) technique. The grain refinement achieved was comparable to that by other SPD techniques. A considerable heterogeneity was observed in the microstructure and texture. Texture of multi-axially forged steels has been evaluated and reported for the first time. The material exhibited a six-fold increase in the yield strength after four cycles of MAF.

From Workstations to Workbenches: Towards Predicting Physicochemically Viable Protein-Protein Interactions Across a Host and a Pathogen

The understanding of protein-protein interactions is indispensable in comprehending most of the biological processes in a cell. Small-scale experiments as well as large-scale high-throughput techniques over the past few decades have facilitated identification and analysis of protein-protein interactions which form the basis of much of our knowledge on functional and regulatory aspects of proteins. However, such rich catalog of interaction data should be used with caution when establishing protein-protein interactions in silico, as the high-throughput datasets are prone to false positives. Numerous computational means developed to pursue genome-wide studies on protein-protein interactions at times overlook the mechanistic and molecular details, thus questioning the reliability of predicted protein-protein interactions. We review the development, advantages, and shortcomings of varied approaches and demonstrate that by providing a structural viewpoint in terms of shape complementarity and interaction energies at protein-protein interfaces coupled with information on expression and localization of proteins homologous to an interacting pair, it is possible to assess the credibility of predicted interactions in biological context. With a focus on human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, we show that such scrupulous use of details at the molecular level can predict physicochemically viable protein-protein interactions across host and pathogen. Such predicted interactions have the potential to provide molecular basis of probable mechanisms of pathogenesis and hence open up ways to explore their usefulness as targets in the light of drug discovery. (c) 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(11):759-774, 2014

Application of Similarity Theory to the Characterization of Non-Transferred Laminar Plasma Jet Generation

Laminar-flow non-transferred DC plasma jets were generated by a torch with an inter-electrode insert by which the arc column was limited to a length of about 20 mm. Current–voltage characteristics, thermal efficiency and jet length, a parameter which changes greatly with the generating parameters in contrast with the almost unchangeable jet length of the turbulent plasma, were investigated systematically, by using the similarity theory combined with the corresponding experimental examination. Formulae in non-dimensional forms were derived for predicting the characteristics of the laminar plasma jet generation, within the parameter ranges where no transfer to turbulent flow occurs. Mean arc temperature in the torch channel and mean jet-flow temperature at the torch exit were obtained, and the results indicate that the thermal conductivity feature of the working gas seems to be an important factor affecting thermal efficiency of laminar plasma generation.

Efecto de la inclusión de saccharina sobre el comportamiento productivo de cerdos de engorde

El presente trabajo experimental se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de inclusión de dos niveles de Saccharina sobre los rendimientos productivos: Ganancia Media Diaria (GMD.); Consumo de Alimento Promedio (CAP); Conversión Alimenticia (CA) en cerdos de engorde, evaluándose la utilidad económica de los tratamientos. Se utilizaron tres tratamientos. T1: testigo; T2: 7.38 % de Saccharina y T3 : 14.76 % de Saccharina, los que estaban conformados por grupos de siete cerdos cada uno, con edades y pesos promedios de 120 días y 34.55 Kg. El análisis estadístico empleado fué un Diseño Completamente Aleatorio (DCA), para las variables GMD/Tratamiento y C.A/Tratamiento. Se obtuvieron ganancias medias diarias de T1: 750.48; T2 : 893.34; T3 : 774.29 gr/días/cerdos respectivamente. Resultando no significativa al Pr≤ O.05 para los tres tratamientos. Con la realización del análisis de costo de alimento por Kg de ganancia de peso se obtuvieron los valores de C$ 5.13 (T1); C$ 4.62 (T2); C$ 4.48 (T3) respectivamente. Al realizarse el presupuesto parcial se determinó que el tratamiento que obtuvo la mayor utilidad fue el tratamiento dos (T2) resultando de C$ 57.77 siendo para el tratamiento tres (T3 ) la utilidad de C$ 12.27 ambos tratamientos con respecto al tratamiento uno (T1). Por tanto, el tratamiento T2 es el que genera las beneficios económicos.

Efecto de la fertilización orgánica y sintética sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de tres variedades de maíz (Zea Mays L.) y su entabilidad económica en Dulce nombre de Jesús, Darío, Matagalpa, 2009

El presente trabajo de investigación se estableció en la comunidad Dulce Nombre de Jesús en la época de postrera entre los meses de agosto y noviembre del 2009. Esta comunidad está ubicada a 40 km de la ciudad de Matagalpa y a 90 km de Managua en las coordenadas geográficas 12º 43 ́ de latitud norte y 86º 07 ́ de longitud oeste a una altitud de 433 metros. El objetivo fue evaluar el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo de maíz ( Zea mays L.) bajo dos innovaciones tecnológicas las cuales fueron: tres fuentes de nutrientes (compost, mungo y fertilizante sintético) y tres variedades, dos mejoradas (NB-6, NB-S) y una criolla. Se estableció un arreglo bifactorial en diseño de parcelas divididas en bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. La dimensión total del ensayo fue de 880 m 2 (40 m * 22 m), siendo el área de la parcela grande de 60 m 2 (12 m * 5 m) con una parcela útil de 9.6 m 2 . Las variables evaluadas fueron altura de planta, diámetro del tallo, número, ancho y longitud de hoja, área foliar, altura de mazorca, peso, longitud y diámetro de mazorca, número de hileras por mazorca, número de granos por hileras, peso de mil granos y rendimiento. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico SAS. Los resultados muestran que hubo diferencia significativa para algunas variables de crecimiento y rendimiento. El mayor rendimiento se registro con el tratamiento A 3 con 873.57 kg ha -1 , seguido del tratamiento A 2 con 774.87 kg ha - 1 y el tratamiento A 1 con 665.14 kg ha -1 ; este ultimo presentó mayor rentabilidad económica al presentar una tasa de retorno marginal de 113 %.

Seasonal variation of some trace metal concentrations in some fish species on stretch of River Kubanni, Zaria

In a semi-urbanized stretch of river Kubanni, Zaria, seasonal variations of some tree metals (copper, zinc and lead) in fish species (Clarias sp., Tilapia sp and Alestes sp) were investigated over a period of eight months. Water and fish were sampled monthly, pooled separately and seasonal analysis of each trace determined using atomic absorption method. The concentration of each of the elements in water higher in the dry season than during the rainy season. The dry and rainy season concentrations of copper, zinc and lead were 6.85~c10.66 mu gg super(-1)&1.45~c1.10 mu gg super(-1); 2.13~c1.68 mu gg super(-1)&0.1 5~c0.05 mu gg super(-1); and 0.52~c0.50 mu gg super(-1) & 0.31~c0.14 mu gg super(-1) respectively. Similarly, all the three accumulated more zinc and lead in the dry season than during the rainy season. Tilapia species and to some extent, Alestes species being pelagic had a higher concentration of trace metals than Clarias species which is a bottom dwelling fish Tilapia species may therefore be a better indicator species than Clarias species for monitoring trace metals in water bodies. Reasons for the observed variations in the trace metals were discussed

ZnSe nanowires grown on the crystal surface by femtosecond laser ablation in air

Uniform ZnSe nanowires are observed on the ablation crater on ZnSe crystal surface irradiated by femtosecond lasers in air, while other parts of the sample surface are not polluted. The nanowire growth rate is about 5 mu m/s, it is higher than that fabricated by chemical vapor deposition method by a factor of 10(4). The nanowire length and diameter can be controlled by varying laser pulse energy and pulse number. The formation mechanism is studied and found to be self-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid process. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

Txina da. Exposición colectiva

[ES]La revolución económica y social que supone el mundo globalizado tiene también una dimensión cultural. Y en el espacio de eso que se está denominando “países emergentes” la cultura representa un hervidero de ideas, experiencias y propuestas estéticas. Hoy no es posible ignorar, dentro del panorama artístico, lo que ocurre en esos países. Se trata, muy al contrario, de un foco de interés que conviene atender, y donde nuestros artistas pueden encontrar un nuevo territorio, físico y mental, para desarrollar su particular investigación estética. La presente exposición es una buena muestra del impacto que ha supuesto este proyecto. Y es también, al mismo tiempo, una oportunidad para que nosotros y nosotras podamos disfrutar de las propuestas creativas alumbradas en las cuatro ediciones del programa.

A new strategy of enhancing two-photon absorption in benzothiazole-containing fluorene molecules: Introduction of auxiliary donor-acceptor effects

A series of benzothiazole-containing fluorene molecules have been designed and their one- and two-photon absorption properties have been investigated theoretically by using the ZINDO method. The effects of electron-excessive/deficient heterocyclic bridges as auxiliary donors (auxD)/acceptors (auxA) on TPA cross-sections were studied. The results show that the molecules with D-pi-auxA-A, D-aux D-pi-A, or D-auxD-pi-auxA-A structure types have large TPA cross-section, which can be a valuable strategy in the design of two-photon absorption materials. Also, a linear relationship between the first hyperpolarizability and the TPA cross-section is observed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

2-氨基-6-乙氧基苯并噻唑类偶氮染料及其金属鏊合物的合成及光学热学性能研究

合成了2-（2-氨基-6-乙氧基苯并噻唑基偶氮）-5-（N,N-二乙基氨基）三氟甲基磺酰苯胺偶氮染料（EBTDATFS）及其与乙酸镍、乙酸钴、乙酸铜、乙酸锌等金属盐鏊合的金属鏊合物。通过红外光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱和MALDI质谱等对染料及其金属鏊合物进行了结构表征;使用旋涂方法在K9玻璃和抛光的单晶硅基片上制备薄膜;研究了镍金属鏊合物的热学性能;使用椭偏仪研究了Ni和Zn鏊合物的光学常数。结果表明：4种金属鏊合物薄膜最大吸收光谱为621-629nm,且长波边吸收峰陡峭;TGA-DSC测试结果表明镍金属鏊

Pacific Hagfish, Eptatretus stouti, and Black Hagfish, E. deani: The Oregon Fishery and Port Sampling Observations, 1988-92

In 1988, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife began sampling and monitoring the development of a new fishery for Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stouti, and black hagfish, E. deani. Hagfish landings by Oregon trap vessels have ranged from 11,695 kg in 1988 to 340,774 kg in 1992. Whole frozen fish were shipped to South Korea for the "eel skin" leather market. From 1988 through 1989, I sampled 924 Pacific hagfish and 897 black hagfish from commercial and research catches. Mean length of fish sampled from commercial landings was 39.6 cmf or Pacific hagfish and 34.5 cm for black hagfish. Weight-length relationships (W=aLb) were calculated for males and females of both species. Fifty percent maturity for male and female Pacific hagfish was 35 cm and 42 cm, respectively, while 50% maturityf or male and female black hagfish was 34 cm and 38 cm, respectively. Examination of gonads for both species indicated that spawning either occurs throughout the year or the spawning period is protracted. Mature females of both species had from one to three distinct sizes of eggs, but they usually carried only one group of eggs over 5 mm in length. Mature Pacific hagfish females averaged 28 eggs over 5 mm in length, and black hagfish females averaged 14 eggs over 5 mm in length. Hermaphroditism was found in 0.2% of the Pacific hagfish examined.

桂西那坡县种子植物区系初步研究

　　本文对桂西那坡县种子植物区系的成分进行了全面系统的的分析，以探讨区系的性质和特点，为研究广西植物区系和滇、越、桂植物区系提供宝贵的资料。 　　本区系有裸子植物9科、13属、17种，被植物164科、876属、2138种。科的分析表明以热带－亚热带分布居首位，次为热带分布。特征科有樟科、木兰科、壳斗科、金缕梅科、山茶科、茜草科、大戟科等共21科，它们也是我国热带、亚热带植物区系的特征科。 　　属的分析显示热带分布占70．75％，居首位;温带分布占18．6％;东亚分布占8．7％;我国特有分布占2．2％;缺乏中亚分布成分。热带分布中以印度－马来西亚成分居多，占27．6％，其次是泛带分布，占18．8％。 　　种的分析表明以中国特有分布居第一位，占45．1％;其次是热带亚洲分布，占31．6％;居第三位是东亚分布，占13．8％。 　　那坡植物区系特有现象十分显著，共计东亚特有科有8个，中国特有属有17个，中国特有种有774个，其中56种为那坡特有种。 　　分析结果表明那坡种了植物区系具有以下特征：（1）热带北缘性质，具有很强的热带向亚热带的过渡性;（2）特有现象显著;（3）岩溶特性明显;（4）地理成分复杂;（5）起源古老。 　　本区系分析所依据的植物名录由作者汇编而成，绝大部分种名有标本引证，且经专家审定，同时还溶进作者两次野外考察的心得，为到目前为止，最完整的一份该地区的植物名录。