Detection of adulterations in processed coffee with cereals and coffee husks using capillary zone electrophoresis

The proposed method for the identification of adulteration was based on the controlled acid hydrolysis of xylan and starch present in some vegetable adulterants, followed by the analysis of the resulting xylose and glucose, which are the monosaccharides that compose, respectively, the two polysaccharides. The acid hydrolysis with HCl increases the ionic strength of the sample, which impairs the electrophoretic separation. Thus, a neutralization step based on anion exchange resin was necessary. The best separations were obtained in NaOH 80 mmol/L, CTAB 0.5 mmol/L, and methanol 30% v/v. Because of the high value of pH, monosaccharides are separated as anionic species in such running electrolyte. The LOQ for both monosaccharides was 0.2 g for 100 g of dry matter, which conforms to the tolerable limits.

Structure of polyaniline formed in different inorganic porous materials: A spectroscopic study

In this work, the electronic and structural characterization of polyaniline (PANI) formed in cavities of zeolites Y (ZY) and Mordenite (MOR) and montmorillonite (MMT) clay having Cu(II) as oxidant agent are presented. The formation of PANI and its structure is analyzed by Resonance Raman, UV-Vis-NIR, FT-IR and N K XANES techniques. In all cases the structure of PANT formed is different from the ""free"" polymer. The presence of azo bonds linked to phenazine-like rings are observed only for PANI-MMT composites, independent of the kind of oxidant agent employed in the synthesis. The presence of Cu(II) ions leads to the formation of Phenosafranine-like rings. The presence of these phenazine-like rings in the structure of confined PANT chains can also contribute to the enhancement of the thermal stability observed for all composites. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Redesign av facktidskriften Ingenjören

This degree project contains a theoretical and a practical part about magazine design. Literature aboutthe subject’s typography and magazine design has been studied and put into practice on the professionaljournal Ingenjören. Besides of that a study about the history of magazine typography for the lastfifty years has been done.Typography and other design factors are important for the magazine to be readable and gives at thesame time the magazine an identity of its own, which has become more and more important throughoutthe last decades.The result of this degree project is a new design for Ingenjören, a design that agrees more with howthe journal want to be considered. A new template, a dummy and a manual have been produced. A decisionof a board meeting of Ingenjörsförbundet in September is now what remains for the new design tobecome a reality.

Comunidades virtuais no IRC : o caso do #Pelotas - um estudo sobre a comunicação mediada por computador e a estruturação de comunidades virtuais

Neste trabalho procuramos observar uma comunidade virtual no IRC (Internet Relay Chat), o canal #Pelotas. A partir de seu estudo, sob o viés da Grounded Theory, procuramos construir categorias básicas sobre diversos aspectos encontrados na comunidade, tais como questões de identidade, gênero e as próprias relações e convenções sociais. Ao mesmo tempo, procuramos construir um conceito de comunidade virtual que abarque nosso entendimento e os resultados da pesquisa empírica. Deste modo, sob vários aspectos, é possível analisar uma comunidade virtual, e principalmente, o modo sobre o qual ela se estrutura através da Comunicação Mediada por Computador.

Uma experiência inovadora na gestão pública: o caso do Hospital Geral de Fortaleza

Descrição e análise de uma expenencia de gestão pública hospitalar verificada entre 1991 e 1995, considerada inovadora por seu enfoque gerencial e pelas técnicas implementadas. O aprimoramento da gestão dos recursos alocados à rede hospitalar é visto como uma questão estratégica e essencial para o Estado e a sociedade em função da magnitude e da importância que apresentam. O caso do Hospital de Fortaleza é um exemplo de como é possível se enfrentar as dificuldades comuns à rede pública com base em um esforço próprio, buscando formas de se elevar a performance através do estabelecimento de uma cultura e práticas gerenciais modernas e adequadas à organização. Além da direção ter desenvolvido um trabalho com a participação dos funcionários, foram implementadas técnicas gerenciais características da administração empresarial contemporânea como o Planejamento Estratégico, o Programa 5s, o Gerenciamento da Qualidade Total, entre outros. O modelo seguido e as características desse processo, apesar de guardarem alguma especificidade com o caso, podem ser extrapolados para a rede pública hospitalar, contribuindo para o uso mais eficaz dos recursos públicos.

Inorganic-Organic Nanocomposite Assembly Using Collagen as a Template and Sodium Tripolyphosphate as a Biomimetic Analog of Matrix Phosphoprotein

Nanocomposites created with polycarboxylic acid alone as a stabilization agent for prenucleation clusters-derived amorphous calcium phosphate exhibit nonperiodic apatite deposition. In the present study, we report the use of inorganic polyphosphate as a biomimetic analog of matrix phosphoprotein for directing poly(acrylic acid)-stabilized amorphous nano-precursor phases to assemble into periodic apatite-collagen nanocomposites. The sorption and desorption characteristics of sodium tripolyphosphate to type I collagen were examined. Periodic nanocomposite assembly with collagen as a template was demonstrated with TEM and SEM using a Portland cement-based resin composite and a phosphate-containing simulated body fluid. Apatite was detected within the collagen at 24 h and became more distinct at 48 h, with prenucleation clusters attaching to the collagen fibril surface during the initial infiltration stage. Apatite-collagen nanocomposites at 72 h were heavily mineralized with periodically arranged intrafibrillar apatite platelets. Defect-containing nanocomposites caused by desorption of TPP from collagen fibrils were observed in regions lacking the inorganic phase.

Centers on center manifolds in the Lu system

We confirm a conjecture of Mello and Coelho [Phys. Lett. A 373 (2009) 1116] concerning the existence of centers on local center manifolds at equilibria of the Lu system of differential equations on R(3). Our proof shows that the local center manifolds are algebraic ruled surfaces, and are unique. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elementos conceptuales y aplicaciones de microeconomía para la evaluación de proyectos

Incluye Bibliografía

Ecologia da ictiofauna do estuário do rio Paciência, Ilha do Maranhão - Brasil

Os sistemas estuarinos funcionam como importante habitat para várias especies de peixes, atraves das redes de canais de mare. Sob o ponto de vista ecologico, a comunidade ictiofaunística desempenham importante funcao no balanco energetico dos varios niveis tróficos dos ecossistemas estuarinos. Neste contexto, o presente estudo objetivou: determinar as distribuições espaco-temporais da ictiofauna; explicar suas características comportamentais e ecologicas; comparar a composicao da biomassa relativa, guildas ecologicas e funcionais em diferentes sistemas estuarinos da costa Norte; investigar a influencia das variaveis bioticas e abioticas e sua correlacao com os padroes biologicos da ictiofauna e identificar alteracoes na integridade biotica dos canais de mare estudados, utilizando a ictiofauna. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de amostragens bimestrais nos canais de mare Iguaiba, Grande e Cristovao, no periodo de janeiro/2006 a setembro/2007, utilizando redes de emalhar e tapagem. Paralelamente, foram tomadas amostras na camada superficial da agua para determinacao das variaveis fisico-quimicos e dos nutrientes inorganicos dissolvidos. Na caracterizacao ecologica das especies, foram empregados indices que estimam a diversidade, equitabilidade e riqueza. O Indice de Integridade Biotica foi aplicado para avaliar os efeitos das possiveis alteracoes ambientais na ictiofauna. Tecnicas univariadas (ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis) e multivariadas (Cluster, nMDS, SIMPER, COIA e curvas ABC) foram usadas para comparar as especies e os locais de capturas. No total foram capturados 12.219 peixes distribuídos em 55 especies e 27 familias. As familias Sciaenidae, Ariidae, Carangidae, Engraulidae e Mugilidae apresentaram maior riqueza de especies. Ariopsis bonillai e Cetengraulis edentulus, apresentaram maior contribuicao para a formacao de grupos mais similares; Stellifer naso e Cynoscion acoupa foram responsaveis pela dissimilaridade entre os grupos formados. Cerca de 66% dos peixes capturados foram representados por individuos jovens, confirmando a condicao de bercario dos sistemas estuarinos. Os registros ictiofaunisticos entre o Golfao Marajoara e Maranhense apontam a ocorrência de 140 especies. Especies marinhas visitantes ocasionais e de agua doce ocorreram ocasionalmente. Marinhas estuarino-oportunistas e estuarino dependentes apresentaram maior contribuicao no Golfao Maranhense, ja as estuarino residentes apresentaram biomassa elevada em todos os sistemas estuarinos investigados. Detritivoros ocorreram principalmente no Pará e zoobentivoros no Maranhao. A ocorrencia de piscivoros foi inversamente proporcional a abundancia de juvenis. A co-estrutura formada entre variaveis ambientais-peixes foi significativa. As variaveis salinidade, pH, silicato, amonio, fosfato e nitrato influenciaram na estrutura da ictiofauna. Nenhuma especie se associou a ambientes com elevadas concentracoes de nutrientes inorganicos. As curvas ABC demonstraram que o ambiente estuarino encontra-se moderadamente perturbado, enquanto o indice de integridade caracterizou a qualidade ambiental dos canais de mare entre muito pobre a regular. O estudo mostrou que os canais de mare são importantes areas de criacao devido a dominancia de juvenis; a ictiofauna apresenta sazonalidade em relacao aos periodos hidrologicos; a comunidade peixes presente nos canais de mare pode atuar como indicadora da qualidade de ecossistemas submetidos a pulsos de mares. Considera-se, portanto, a protecao dos canais entre-mares dos manguezais uma ação essencial para o manejo dos recursos pesqueiros, uma vez que existe uma forte relacao entre abundancia da ictiofauna e a composição estrutural do habitat.

Seleção de genótipos de soja portadores ou não do gene RR por meio de análise multivariada e desempenho agronômico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Occluded Tunneled Venous Catheter in Hemodialysis Patients: Risk Factors and Efficacy of Alteplase

Thrombosis of tunneled central venous catheters (CVC) in hemodialysis (HD) patients is common and it can lead to the elimination of vascular sites. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of thrombotic obstruction of tunneled CVC in HD patients and the efficacy of occlusion treatment with alteplase use, and identify factors associated with thrombotic occlusion. It was a prospective cohort study performed in two centers which evaluated the diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic occlusion of CVC in HD patients for 24 consecutive months. The catheter occlusion was defined as the difficulty infusing or withdrawing fluid from their paths. Alteplase dose was infused to fill the lumen of the occluded catheter and remained for 50 min. As there was no obstruction of the catheter, the procedure was repeated. Three hundred and thirty-nine CVC in 247 patients were evaluated and followed, totalling 67 244 CVC-days. One hundred fifty-seven patients had only one CVC, 88 patients had two CVC during the study, and two patients had three CVC. The median age was 58 (47–66) years, patients were predominantly men (54%), with diabetic nephropathy as the main cause of chronic kidney disease (44%), the internal jugular vein as the main site of implantation (82%), and duration of dialysis before CVC implantation of 119 (41.5 to 585.5) days. Eight hundred and fifteen occlusion episodes were diagnosed (12 episodes/1000 CVC-days), with primary success with alteplase in 596 episodes (77%) and secondary in 81 cases (10%). In 99 episodes (13%), success was not achieved after the second dose of alteplase. Two hundred and thirty CVC were removed during the study and the removal causes were arteriovenous fistula use in 88 patients (38.3%), infectious and mechanical complications in 89 (38.7%) and 21 (9.1%), respectively, and others (transplantation, transfer, or death) in 32 patients (13.9%). Adverse effects were also not observed. In the multivariate analysis, we identified the greatest number of days with CVC (OR = 1.02, CI = 1.01–1.04, P = 0.004), the presence of diabetes (OR = 1.560, CI = 1.351–1.894, P = 0.015), and exit site infection (ESI) (OR = 1.567 CI = 1347–1926, P = 0.023) as factors associated with obstruction. Thrombotic occlusion showed frequent mechanical complication in CVC of HD patients. We observed 12 episodes of obstruction per 1000 CVC-days, with a high success rate after alteplase use (87%). In the multivariate analysis, the time with CVC, the presence of diabetes, and ESI were identified as variables associated with thrombotic obstruction.

Accuracy of positron emission tomography/computed tomography and clinical assessment in the detection of complete rectal tumor regression after neoadjuvant chemoradiation Long-Term Results of a Prospective Trial (National Clinical Trial 00254683)

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) therapy may result in significant tumor regression in patients with rectal cancer. Patients who develop complete tumor regression have been managed by treatment strategies that are alternatives to standard total mesorectal excision. Therefore, assessment of tumor response with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) after neoadjuvant treatment may offer relevant information for the selection of patients to receive alternative treatment strategies. METHODS: Patients with clinical T2 (cT2) through cT4NxM0 rectal adenocarcinoma were included prospectively. Neoadjuvant therapy consisted of 54 grays of radiation and 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Baseline PET/CT studies were obtained before CRT followed by PET/CT studies at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the completion of CRT. Clinical assessment was performed at 12 weeks after CRT completion. PET/CT results were compared with clinical and pathologic data. RESULTS: In total, 99 patients were included in the study. Twenty-three patients were complete responders (16 had a complete clinical response, and 7 had a complete pathologic response). The PET/CT response evaluation at 12 weeks indicated that 18 patients had a complete response, and 81 patients had an incomplete response. There were 5 false-negative and 10 false-positive PET/CT results. PET/CT for the detection of residual cancer had 93% sensitivity, 53% specificity, a 73% negative predictive value, an 87% positive predictive value, and 85% accuracy. Clinical assessment alone resulted in an accuracy of 91%. PET/CT information may have detected misdiagnoses made by clinical assessment alone, improving overall accuracy to 96%. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of tumor response at 12 weeks after CRT completion with PET/CT imaging may provide a useful additional tool with good overall accuracy for the selection of patients who may avoid unnecessary radical resection after achieving a complete clinical response. Cancer 2012;35013511. (C) 2011 American Cancer Society.

Compatibilization of polypropylene/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blends

Blending polypropylene (PP) with biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) can be a nice alternative to minimize the disposal problem of PP and the intrinsic brittleness that restricts PHB applications. However, to achieve acceptable engineering properties, the blend needs to be compatibilized because of the immiscibility between PP and PHB. In this work, PP/PHB blends were prepared with different types of copolymers as possible compatibilizers: poly(propylene-g-maleic anhydride) (PPMAH), poly (ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) [P(EMA)], poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) [P(EGMA)], and poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) [P(EMAGMA)]. The effect of each copolymer on the morphology and mechanical properties of the blends was investigated. The results show that the compatibilizers efficiency decreased in this order: P(EMAGMA) > P(EMA) > P(EGMA) > PP-MAH; we explained this by taking into consideration the affinity degree of the compatibilizers with the PP matrix, the compatibilizers properties, and their ability to provide physical and/or reactive compatibilization with PHB. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 3511-3519, 2012

Characterization of vascular wall progenitor cells and their role in therapeutic angiogenesis and Monckeberg's sclerosis

Recently, the existence of a capillary-rich vasculogenic zone has been identified in adult human arteries between the tunica media and adventitia; in this area it has been postulated that Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) may be present amidst the endothelial progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells. This hypothesis is supported by several studies claiming to have found the in vivo reservoir of MSCs in post-natal vessels and by the presence of ectopic tissues in the pathological artery wall. We demonstrated that the existence of multipotent progenitors is not restricted to microvasculature; vascular wall resident MSCs (VW-MSCs) have been isolated from multidistrict human large and middle size vessels (aortic arch, thoracic aorta and femoral artery) harvested from healthy multiorgan donors. Each VW-MSC population shows characteristics of embryonic-like stem cells and exhibits angiogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic and leiomyogenic potential but less propensity to osteogenic ifferentiation. Human vascular progenitor cells are also able to engraft, differentiate into mature endothelial cells and support muscle function when injected in a murine model of hind limb ischemia. Conversely, VW-MSCs isolated from calcified femoral arteries display a good response to osteogenic commitment letting us to suppose that VW-MSCs could have an important role in the onset of vascular pathologies such as Mönckeberg sclerosis. Taken together these results show two opposite roles of vascular progenitor cells and underline the importance of establishing their in vivo pathological and regenerative potential to better understand pathological events and promote different therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular research and clinical applications.