998 resultados para 1955-1966


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Engl. summary: The quality of Finnish coastal waters during 1966-1970

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Engl. summary: On the formation and occurrence of soil frost in Finland 1956 to 1975

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This dissertation investigates the atomic power solution in Finland between 1955 - 1970. During these years a national arrangement for atomic energy technology evolved. The foundations of the Finnish atomic energy policy; the creation of basic legislation and the first governmental bodies, were laid between 1955 - 1965. In the late 1960's, the necessary technological and political decisions were made in order to purchase the first commercial nuclear reactor. A historical narration of this process is seen in the international context of "atoms for peace" policies and Cold War history in general. The geopolitical position of Finland made it necessary to become involved in the balanced participation in international scientific-technical exchange and assistive nuclear programs. The Paris Peace Treaty of 1947 categorically denied Finland acquisition of nuclear weapons. Accordingly, from the "Geneva year" of 1955, the emphasis was placed on peaceful purposes for atomic energy as well as on the education of national professionals in Finland. An initiative for the governmental atomic energy commission came from academia but the ultimate motive behind it was an anticipated structural change in the supply of national energy. Economically exploitable hydro power resources were expected to be built within ten years and atomic power was seen as a promising and complementing new energy technology. While importing fuels like coal was out of the question, because of scarce foreign currency, domestic uranium mineral deposits were considered as a potential source of nuclear fuel. Nevertheless, even then nuclear energy was regarded as just one of the possible future energy options. In the mid-1960 s a bandwagon effect of light water reactor orders was witnessed in the United States and soon elsewhere in the world. In Finland, two separate invitations for bids for nuclear reactors were initiated. This study explores at length both their preceding grounds and later phases. An explanation is given that the parallel, independent and nearly identical tenders reflected a post-war ideological rivalry between the state-owned utility Imatran Voima and private energy utilities. A private sector nuclear power association Voimayhdistys Ydin represented energy intensive paper and pulp industries and wanted to have free choice instead of being associated themselves with "the state monopoly" in energy pricing. As a background to this, a decisive change had started to happen within Finnish energy policy: private and municipal big thermal power plants became incorporated into the national hydro power production system. A characteristic phenomenon in the later history is the Soviet Union s effort to bid for the tender of Imatran Voima. A nuclear superpower was willing to take part in competition but not on a turnkey basis as Imatran Voima had presumed. As a result of many political turns and four years of negotiations the first Finnish commercial light water reactor was ordered from the East. Soon after this the private nuclear power group ordered its reactors from Sweden. This work interprets this as a reasonable geopolitical balance in choosing politically sensitive technology. Conceptually, social and political dimensions of new technology are emphasised. Negotiations on the Finnish atomic energy program are viewed as a cooperation and a struggle, where state-oriented and private-oriented regimes pose their own macro level views and goals (technopolitical imaginaries) and defend and advance their plans and practical modes of action (schemata). Here, not only technologists but even political actors are seen to contribute to technopolitical realisations.

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The history of computing in India is inextricably intertwined with two interacting forces: the political climate determined by the political party in power) and the government policies mainly driven by the technocrats and bureaucrats who acted within the boundaries drawn by the political party in power. There were four break points (which occurred in 1970, 1978, 1991 and 1998) that changed the direction of the development of computers and their applications. This article explains why these breaks occurred and how they affected the history of computing in India.

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La Comunión de vida con Dios en la Iglesia (Capítulos V, VII y VIII) / Rafael A. Tello -- La Jerarquía: una potestad al servicio de la Iglesia (Capítulo III) / Carmelo J. Giaquinta -- El Laicado en la Iglesia (capítulo IV) / Pedro Geltman -- La vida religiosa en la Constitución “Lumen Gentium” (Capítulo VI) / Domingo Basso -- Crónica de la Facultad (enero-marzo 1966) -- Bibliografía

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Mayo de 1910: el imaginario a través de los discursos oficiales / María Victoria Carsen -- Sylvestre Begnis y la instauración nacional del frondicismo. 1954-1958 / Miguel Ángel De Marco (h) -- Un intento de democratización: política sindical durante el gobierno del general Lonardi (23 de septiembre al 13 de noviembre de 1955) / Guillermo E. Gini -- Del esplendor a la crisis. Las misiones guaraníes entre 1734 y 1744 /Ernesto J. A. Maeder -- El 90. La crisis económica y política vista desde la gráfica satírica de la época / Andrea Matallana -- Relaciones comerciales franco-argentinas. 1880-1914 / Hebe C. Pelosi -- Resistencia cultural a un régimen autoritario: El “sonoro” silencio de SUR durante el primer peronismo / Rosalie Sitman -- La creación musical académica argentina como reflejo de la Guerra del Paraguay / Juan María Veniard -- Reseñas Bibliográficas

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Contenido: Dios : el eslabón perdido de la filosofía y literatura contemporánea / Octavio N. Derisi – La concepción del tiempo en el Libro XI de “Las confesiones” de San Agustín / Tomás D. Casares – El método físico-matemático como paradigma / J. E. Bolzán – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

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Contenido: Trascendencia social de la verdad / La Dirección – Método, sentido y alcance de la investigación metafísica en Heidegger y Sto. Tomás (II) / Octavio N. Derisi – Las nociones de substancia y de causa según el realismo tradicional / R. Garrigou-Lagrange – El ocaso de la educación nueva / Jorge H. Moreno – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

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La acción pastoral de la Iglesia en la Argentina. Su evolución / Justino M. O´Farrell -- Sentido del Sacrificio cristiano / Mariano Ibáñez -- La dignidad sacerdotal del Pueblo de Dios. Según la doctrina de Santo Tomás de Aquino / Cayetano Saladino -- La Presencia personal de Cristo en la Eucaristía. Notas sobre el origen de la fórmula tridentina / Ricardo E. Vaccaro -- Crónica de la Facultad de Teología (abril-noviembre 1966) -- Índice del tomo IV

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Contenido: Los caracteres del espíritu / Octavio N. Derisi – Significado y alcance de lo naturalmente conocido frente a la gnoseología contemporánea / Osvaldo Francella – Valores, realidad e irrealidad / Omar Argerami – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

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Resumen: Entre el derrocamiento del primer peronismo y el ocaso del segundo, la política económica de los distintos gobiernos se propuso por medios distintos alcanzar una relativa certidumbre de largo plazo a través de la preparación de planes ¿Por qué esta idea tuvo éxito? La planificación fue una tendencia más o menos general en América Latina. Pero además cada gobierno fue impulsando una modalidad particular de planificación acorde a sus objetivos políticos. Nuestro trabajo pretende resumir las diversas expresiones de la planificación, mostrar algunos de los principales obstáculos para su concreción y analizar el funcionamiento del sistema estatal encargado de esa tarea, especialmente representado por el Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo.

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Contenido: El odio a la verdad y a la inteligencia / La Dirección – Sentido, alcance y fundamentación del principio de razón de ser / Octavio N. Derisi – El cristiano y la libertad / Alberto Caturelli – Para una teoría del signo y del concepto mental como signo formal / Juan A. Casaubón – Notas y comentarios – Documentos -- Bibliografía

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Contenido: Del progreso en filosofía / La Dirección – Evolución de la verdad / Alberto García Vieyra – El sentimiento como revelador de lo ético / José Ignacio de Alcorta – Sobre algunos aspectos de la antropología filosófica actual en Alemania / Walter Brüning – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

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Contenido: Fenomenología y metafísica / Octavio N. Derisi – Balmes y los fundamentos de la ciencia / Augusto Furlán – Libertad religiosa / Octavio N. Derisi – Orígenes, fundamentos y función de la Universidad / Osvaldo Ardiles – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía