Capillary array electrophoresis with confocal fluorescence rotary scanner

A capillary array electrophoresis system with rotary corifocal fluorescence scanner was reported. High speed direct current rotary motor combined with a rotary encoder and the reflection mirror has been designed to direct exactly the excitation laser beam. to the array of capillaries, which are symmetrically distributed around the motor. The rotary encoder is introduced to accurately orient the position of each capillary and its output signal triggers the data acquiring system to record. the fluorescence signal corresponding to each capillary. Separations of several amino acids are demonstrated by eight-channel capillary array electrophoresis built by ourselves.

施用镁、硼及硝基腐植酸对烤烟产量和品质的影响

以辽宁省昌图县横沟子乡先锋村烟田的土壤农化性状指标为参数，设计镁、硼素及硝基腐植酸作为烟草专用肥的添加剂，研究其对提高和改善烤烟产量、品质的影响，１９９１～１９９３年三年的田间试验表明，亩施硫酸镁、硼砂各０．５ｋｇ及硝基腐植酸３．５ｋｇ做基肥，移栽４０天，镁、硼处理区再分别喷施硫酸镁５００克（１％浓度），硼砂１００克（０．２％浓度），这三个处理区不论是烟株苗期生长的叶色、抗病力及成熟期烟叶落黄、烘烤效果，还是上等烤烟比重、化学成分含量等指标均有改善和提高。

新型二维异核配位聚合物{[NdBi(cydta)(NO_3)_2(H_2O)_4]·2.5H_2O}_n的晶体结构与热分解

由Bi(Hcydta).5H2O和Nd(NO3).6H2O按1︰1的物质的量比,在水溶液中合成了含Bi(III)-Nd(III)的异核配位聚合物{[(NO3)Nd(H2O)4(μ3-cydta)Bi(μ-ONO2)].2.5H2O}n.用元素分析、红外光谱、热重-差热和X射线单晶衍射等手段对标题配合物的组成和结构进行了表征.该配合物属三斜晶系,空间群P1,晶胞参数:a=0.9235(3)nm,b=1.0902(4)nm,c=1.4253(5)nm,α=71.840(4)°,β=86.877(4)°,γ=76.991(4)°,Z=2,Mr=936.65,V=1.3284(8)nm3,Dc=2.342g.cm-3,μ=8.646mm-1,F(000)=900,最终偏离因子R1=0.0406,wR2=0.1124.在该配合物中,铋(III)与配体cydta4-的4O2N和1个硝酸根中1个O原子以及邻位分子的硝酸根形成8配位的畸变双帽三棱柱.钕(III)与4个水分子的O,1个硝酸根中2个O以及来自3个不同配体cydta4-的桥联羧基O结合,形成9配位的三帽三棱柱构型.羧酸根在Bi—Nd和硝酸根在Bi—Bi间的桥联作用...

Simultaneous determination of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid with electrospun carbon nanofibers modified electrode

A novel carbon-nanofiber-modified carbon-paste electrode (CNF-CPE) was employed for the simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) with good selectivity and high sensitivity. The CNFs were prepared by combination of electrospinning technique with thermal treatment method and were used without any pretreatment. In application to determination of DA, AA and UA in the ternary mixture, the pristine CNF-CPE exhibited well-separated differential pulse voltammetric peaks with high catalytic current. Low detection limits of 0.04 mu M, 2 mu M and 0.2 mu M for DA, AA and UA were obtained, with the linear calibration curves over the concentration range 0.04-5.6 mu M, 2-64 mu M and 0.8-16.8 mu M, respectively.

Rotating minidisk-disk electrodes

Rotating minidisk-disk electrode (RMDDE) was developed by replacing ring electrode of rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) with a minidisk electrode. Its applications were demonstrated by studying electrochemical reactions of ferricyanide and divalent copper. The replacement of ring electrode by minidisk electrode results in following advantages. First, the fabrication of RMDDE is easier than that of RRDE with the same electrode material. Second, there is more freedom in choosing electrode materials and sizes, since it is difficult to make thin ring electrodes of RRDE with fragile materials. Third, the replacement of ring electrode by minidisk electrode saves electrode materials, especially rare materials. Finally, the substitution of minidisk electrode for ring electrode allows using multiple minidisks for simultaneous monitoring of multiple components. Therefore, RMDDE is a promising generator-collector system, especially when special generator-collector systems are not commercially available, such as corrosion study and electrocatalysis study of new electrode materials.

Electrochemical characteristics of facile prepared carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid gel modified microelectrode and application in bioelectrochemistry

The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based microelectrode (ME) by modifying CNTs-room temperature ionic liquid (IL) gel at carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) is easily prepared, which exhibits the typical cyclic voltammogram of ME with sigmoid shape and possesses good stability, high conductivity and enlarged current response and tunable dimension. The direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase has been greatly promoted showing reversible electrochemical behavior even at high scan rate. In addition, the CNTs based ME also exhibits effectively electrocatalytic oxidized ability to biomolecules, e.g. dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA) and dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The obvious separation of oxidized peak potential for DA and AA makes it possible to selectively determine DA in presence of AA. These phenomena show that the CNTs based ME has promising potential to detect various species in vivo and in vitro.

车前草中苯乙醇苷化合物的电喷雾多级串联质谱研究

利用电喷雾多级串联质谱技术研究了车前草药材中的苯乙醇苷化合物,根据其在负离子条件下表现出的特征质谱行为,提出了车前草中的苯乙醇苷类化合物可能的电喷雾质谱碎裂规律,建立了车前草中苯乙醇苷化合物的快速分析、鉴定方法.

A theoretical framework of tracer methods for marine sediment dynamics

A new theoretical framework of tracer methods is proposed in the present contribution, on the basis of mass conservation. This model is applicable for both artificial and natural tracers. It can be used to calculate the spatial distribution patterns of sediment transport rate, thus providing independent information and verification for the results derived from empirical formulae. For the procedures of the calculation, first, the tracer concentration and topographic maps of two times are obtained. Then, the spatial and temporal changes in the concentration and seabed elevation are calculated, and the boundary conditions required are determined by field observations (such as flow and bedform migration measurements). Finally, based upon eqs. (1) and (13), the transport rate is calculated and expressed as a function of the position over the study area. Further, appropriate modifications to the model may allow the tracer to have different densities and grain size distributions from the bulk sediment.

潮间带纤毛虫原生动物和小型底栖动物生态学研究

微型和小型底栖动物是底栖微/小食物网的重要构成。相对浮游生态系统, 迄今国际间对底栖食物网的认知极为欠缺。这一方面是由于微型生物形态和功能上的复杂性和多样性, 另一方面原因在于研究方法的障碍—主要是微型和小型底栖动物的定量提取和定性分析。本研究首先进行了方法学改良, 并应用新方法对底栖微食物网的重要功能类群—纤毛虫原生动物和小型底栖动物进行了不同生境的周年按月采样, 定性及定量研究的同时, 联系环境因子对微型和小型底栖生物的环境监测进行了探讨。 微型和小型底栖生物的定量研究首先涉及到目标生物在沉积物中的有效提取, 目前硅胶液提取是普遍使用的方法, 其中Ludox液主要应用于小型生物, 它不但价格便宜而且比重合适, 因此在常规生态研究中被广为接受。不过, Ludox易与于海水中的阳离子产生凝结而无法直接用于微型生物; 目前唯一直接应用于微型生物提取的是Percoll硅胶液, 但其昂贵的价格使其在常规生态研究中受到极大限制。本研究以价格低廉的Ludox 硅胶液结合定量蛋白银染色 (QPS) 技术开发了一种新的方法, 即Ludox-QPS法。主要流程为: 样品采集与固定、淘洗/稀释降盐、Ludox密度梯度离心、过滤浓缩和琼脂包埋, QPS染色、永久封片及鉴定计数。添加已知数量的纤毛虫至无生物底泥的重获实验表明, 该密度梯度离心的提取率大于94%; 该方法对自然沉积物中纤毛虫的提取率达97.6%, 对沙质、泥沙质和泥质中海洋线虫的提取率分别达97%、96.9% 和97.8%。对比实验表明, 经QPS制片获得的小型动物的丰度和类群数量与传统方法相当或更高, 尤其当小个体虫体占优势时, 该法显示出较传统方法 (导致数量低估) 更为明显的定量优越性。该方法除用于纤毛虫和小型动物的定量分析外, 还具有较高的分类分辨率, 染色后的纤毛虫原生动物大多类群可鉴定到属, 部分可鉴定到种, 以此可在群落水平上研究其生态作用。 根据新开发的Ludox-QPS技术, 在大沽河潮间带依据盐度梯度选定2个站位 (IIQ和营海) 进行了周年按月采样, 对底栖纤毛虫和小型底栖动物进行了定量研究。纤毛虫原生动物在IIQ和营海的年平均丰度分别为2236 inds./10 cm2 和935 inds./10 cm2 (28 inds./ml 和12 inds./ml), 平均生物量分别为119.1 gC/10 cm2和54.2 gC/10 cm2 (1.5 gC /ml 0.7 gC/ml)。丰度的季节变化趋势为: 春天 > 秋天 > 夏天 > 冬天。垂直分布上, 在营海分布于表层0-0.5 cm 的比例为57.1%, 分布于0.5-2 cm、2-4 cm和4-8 cm比例分别为23.1%、11.4% 和8.5%; 13个月中除12月份外, 4-8 cm均有一定数量的纤毛虫分布; 而在IIQ, 97% 的纤毛虫分布在0-0.5 cm, 分布在0.5-2 cm、2-4 cm和4-8 cm比例分别为2.4%、0.4%和0.2%, 4-8 cm的分布只发生在春季和秋季。纤毛虫的多样性季节变化明显, 春秋季物种丰富, 两个站点每毫升沉积物的平均物种数分别为18和6。Two-Way Crossed ANOSIM 分析表明纤毛虫群落在月份间和站点间的差异极其显著。Pseudochilodonopsis sp., Chilodontopsis sp., Euplotes sp.及Prorodon sp.是表征两个生镜中纤毛虫群落的主要类群。 同时, 发现了14个小型生物类群, 其中线虫在IIQ和营海的丰度优势度分别为97.4% 和78.6%。小型动物在IIQ和营海的年平均丰度分别为4793 inds./10 cm2和8915 inds./10 cm2 (60 inds./ml和111 inds./ml), 其生物量分别为1068.8 gC /10 cm2和1790 gC /10 cm2 (13.4 gC/ml和22.4 gC/ml)。小型底栖动物的丰度在IIQ的季节变化为: 夏季 (7888 inds./10cm2) > 秋季 (5447 inds./10cm2) > 春季 (3731 inds./10cm2) > 冬季 (2780 inds./10cm2); 在营海则完全相反: 冬季 (15579 inds./10cm2) > 春季 (10691 inds./10cm2) > 秋季 (6611 inds./10cm2) > 夏季 (4667 inds./10cm2)。小型底栖动物和纤毛虫的相对重要性存在明显的区域和季节差异。 纤毛虫原生动物、小型动物及环境因子的相关分析表明, 纤毛虫的丰度和多样性与温度和盐度及有机质含量显著相关, 与小型动物没有显著相关性; 群落结构分析表明, 温度、有机质和小型动物的丰度的组合与纤毛虫群落丰度的相关系数为0.345; 盐度、脱镁叶绿素、有机质和小型动物生物量的组合与纤毛虫群落多样性的相关系数为0.403。依据海洋线虫和桡足类的比值 (N/C) 推测, IIQ 可能存在严重的有机污染, 营海则存在明显的季节波动, 8月和9月及2月可能是污染最严重的季节, 这种状况在纤毛虫群落结构的CLUSTER聚类中得到验证。虽然目前尚没有形成有关微型底栖生物-纤毛虫原生动物的污染检测的直接依据, 但本研究说明纤毛虫群落的确对环境污染具有一定的感应度, 而且这种感应和利用小型生物的主要类群估算的污染检测 (N/C) 存在一定程度的关联。 90年代早期有关青岛湾有机污染带的研究表明, 经彻底截污后, 其环境状况向良性发展。进一步了解该湾的健康状况, 2006.5-2007.5月对该湾沙质和泥沙质的小型动物进行周年按月采样。小型动物在泥沙质和砂质沉积物中的年平均丰度分别为4853 ± 1292 inds./10 cm2和1528 ± 569 inds./10 cm2; 年平均总生物量分别为1434.1 ± 897.0 gC /10cm2和720.7 ± 353.8 gC/10cm2。沙质底小型生物的丰度季节波动明显, 6月份和12月份最高, 3月份和9月份最低; 泥沙质季节波动不明显, 6月份最高。两个站点均有48%的小型动物分布在0-0.5 cm 表层, 海洋线虫在表层的分布比例分别为48% (泥沙质) 和34% (砂质)。共检获14个小型动物类群, 其中线虫在泥沙质和砂质沉积物中的年平均丰度分别4619 ± 1255 inds./10cm2和1014 ± 376 inds./10cm2, 其丰度优势度分别为95.2%和66.4%。其它在丰度上占优势的类群, 泥沙质依次为多毛类 (1.5%)、甲壳幼体 (1.5%) 和桡足类 (0.7%); 沙质依次为: 甲壳类幼体 (12.6%)、腹毛类 (8.3%) 和 桡足类 (6.2%)。CLUSTER聚类分析表明, 泥沙质和和砂质中小型生物的丰度组成具有64%的相似性。BIOENV分析表明, 温度、盐度、中值粒径和粘土粉砂含量的组合最能解释不同月份之间和不同站位间的差异, 其相关系数为0.614。依据小型生物的丰度和类群组成, 表明泥沙质底尚存一定的有机污染。

GUS基因在优化海带表达系统中的应用

本文研究了如何应用GUS基因优化海带表达系统。首先研究了GUS在各种海带材料中的本底值，而后以GUS基因作为报告基因比较了几种基因工程常用启动子在海带中启动瞬间表达的效率。选择表达效率较高的真核藻类启动子与GUS基因融合，在海带中获得了稳定表达的结果。分别用组织化学染色法和荧光分析法对海带雌配子体、雄配子体、孤雌生殖海带幼孢子体和二倍体海带孢子体等四种不同的材料的GUS本底进行了检测到GUS本底。荧光分析法所得数据显示，这四种材料的GUS活性分别为3.4±0.3、5.2±0.8、14.4±1.8、12.5±1.4 (pmol MU mg~(-1) protein min~(-1))，与高等植物类似，说明GUS基因可作为报造基因用于海带基因工程研究。选用真核藻启动子FCP启动子、高等植物基因工程中常用的高效Ubi启动子和CaMV35S启动子，与GUS基因融合构建四种质粒，通过基因松的方法转化孤雌生殖海带幼孢子体，比较GUS基因在海带中的瞬间表达量。实验结果表明，与CaMV35S和FCP融合的GUS基因在海带中表达效率较高。采用基因松的方法用FCP启动子－GUS基因转化海带雌配子体，通过诱导孤雌生殖获得孤雌生殖海带幼孢子体，用组织染色法检测到了GUS活性，并从海带的总DNA扩增到了FCP启动子－GUS基因的特征条带，从而提示了FCP启动子能引导外源基因在海带中稳定表达。为了找寻高效筛选元件进行孤雌生殖海带对草丁膦的敏感性实验，用统计学的方法得出了草丁膦对不同长度孤雌海带的半致死剂量。研究发现海带全长0.5-1.6cm范围内，草丁膦的LD_(50)与海带长度不相关，同时发现浓度在2-5μg/ml狭小范围内的草丁膦对孤雌海带比高浓度具有更为明显的毒性反应。本文结果提示草丁膦抗性基因－bar基因有可能成为海带基因工程更为理想的选择标记，因为海带对草丁膦比对氯霉素和潮霉素更敏感，而后两者是目前采用的筛选压力。本文结果为海带表达系统的优化，提供了有效的报告基因、启动子和选择标记元件。

Karyomorphology of Sinadoxa (Adoxaceae) and its systematic significance

Karyomorphology of Sinadoxa corydalifolia and the karyotype of the diploid Adoxa moschatellina are investigated for the first time. Karyomorphological data indicate that Sinadoxa is directly akin to other two genera of the Adoxaceae, rather than related to Araliales; and three genera of the Adoxaceae should be a natural group. The karyomorphological combinations of the Adoxaceae delimit it from all taxa assumed to be related to it. The karyotype characteristics of all taxa of the Adoxaceae are compared and summarized. The mechanisms of speciation in the Adoxaceae are discussed.

青藏高原东部长周期大地电磁测深研究

As a complement to conventional MT, Long-period Magnetotellurics (LMT) has been developed at low frequency for soundings of deep electric structures. Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS) and surrounding area is a key place for the study of dynamics of the uplift of Tibetan plateau. Experiments in the pioneer studies for EHS3D project showed that the study area shares an unusual low resistive crust and upper mantle. Conventional MT could not provide sufficient information about the deep structures of the study area that requested long period MT measurement to be complemented. This thesis presents the LMT studies in eastern Tibet along the EHS3D-3 Profile from Xiachayu to Yushu including data acquisition, processing, inversion and interpretation. The effective period of the measured LMT signals extend from 10s up to 30000s for the duration more than one week measurement. The resulting model shows that the LMT sounding coincides with the MT data in overlapped periods. Especially the induction arrows and tippers derived from LMT data provide more information about the base of the conductors beneath the plateau with higher resolution. Anomalous induction coefficients and 2-D model suggest extensive conductive bodies beneath Lhasa block and Qiangtang terrain which would be a possible evidence for partial melt and fluids at depth.

Feature Extraction Without Edge Detection

Information representation is a critical issue in machine vision. The representation strategy in the primitive stages of a vision system has enormous implications for the performance in subsequent stages. Existing feature extraction paradigms, like edge detection, provide sparse and unreliable representations of the image information. In this thesis, we propose a novel feature extraction paradigm. The features consist of salient, simple parts of regions bounded by zero-crossings. The features are dense, stable, and robust. The primary advantage of the features is that they have abstract geometric attributes pertaining to their size and shape. To demonstrate the utility of the feature extraction paradigm, we apply it to passive navigation. We argue that the paradigm is applicable to other early vision problems.