我国彩票购买人群的心理行为特征及购彩成瘾倾向研究

The aims of this research were to explore Chinese lottery buyers’ and addictive buyers’ characteristics and influencing factors of lottery buying．Three studies were carried out: study 1 was to find out the psychological and behavioral characteristics of Chinese lottery buyers. Study 2 was to find out the psychological and behavioral characteristics of addictive lottery buyers. High addictive tendency group and control group were selected, and general information, personality traits and lottery buying behavior characteristics were compared between the two groups. Study 3 was to explore the influences of locus of control and coping style on Chinese lottery buyers’ addictive tendency. 7,160 subjects were rectuited from the Welfare Betting shops in 114 cities of the 31 provinces of China. It was found that: 1. The main characteristics of Chinese lottery buyers are: male, marride, non-religious, 26-45 years old, having at least high school level of education. 2. Chinese lottery buyer’s reasons of first buying were curiosity, to donate for charity, to have amusement, to chase big prize and others’ influence. At present the main reasons of lottery buying were charity, amusment and big prize. 3. 40 percent of Chinese lottery buyers spent more than 20% of their income on lottery. Higher income buyers spent more than the lower ones, but the lower income buyers’ ratio of lottery buying money per month was higher than that of the higher income ones. 4. Chinese high addictive lottery buyers’ characteristics were middle-aged, married, low educational and low-income males . 5. Lottery buyers’ buying behavior is reinforced with lottery winning ratio during the first lottery buying . The addictive tendency of lottery buying is unrelated with the length of lottery buying experience. 6. External control, negative coping style and education level, are associated with the high addictive lottery buying behavior.

An information system to exploit the use of metadata within film and television production

The television and film industries are used to working on large projects. These projects use media and documents of various types, ranging from actual film and videotape to items such as PERT charts for project planning. Some items, such as scripts, evolve over a period and go through many versions. It is often necessary to attach information to these “objects” in order to manage, track, and retrieve them. On large productions there may be hundreds of personnel who need access to this material and who in their turn generate new items which form some part of the final production. The requirements for this industry in terms of an information system may be generalized and a distributed software architecture built, primarily using the internet, to serve the needs of these projects. This architecture must enable potentially very large collections of objects to be managed in a secure environment with distributed responsibilities held by many working on the production. Copyright © 2005 by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Psychological status of patients referred for orthognathic correction of skeletal II and III discrepancies

Objective: To establish the extent of psychological problems among patients who require orthognathic treatment. Materials and Methods: Five aspects of psychological functioning were assessed for 162 patients who required orthognathic treatment and compared with 157 control subjects.

Results: Analysis of variance did not detect any significant difference in the five psychological scores recorded for the skeletal II, skeletal III, and control groups. The proportion of subjects with one or more psychological measure beyond the normal range was 27% for skeletal II subjects, 25% for skeletal III subjects, and 26% for control subjects. One skeletal II subject (1.5%), three skeletal III subjects (3%), and five control subjects (3%) required referral for psychological counseling.

Conclusions: The orthognathic patients did not differ significantly from the control subjects in their psychological status. © 2010 by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

Obesity markers and blood pressure in a sample of Portuguese children and adolescents.

Little information exists regarding the effect of several obesity markers on blood pressure (BP) levels in youth. Transverse study including 2494 boys and 2589 girls. Height, weight and waist were measured according to the international criteria and body fat (BF) by bioimpedance. BP was measured by an automated device. Hypertension was defined using sex-specific, age-specific and height-specific observation-points. Body mass index (BMI) and waist were positively related with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate in both sexes, whereas the relationships with BF were less consistent. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that BMI was positively related with SBP and DBP in both sexes, whereas BF was negatively related with SBP in both sexes and with heart rate in boys only; finally, waist was positively related with SBP in boys and heart rate in girls. Age and heart rate-adjusted values of SBP and DBP increased with BMI: for SBP, 117+/-1, 123+/-1 and 124+/-1 mmHg in normal, overweight and obese boys, respectively; corresponding values for girls were 111+/-1, 114+/-1 and 116+/-2 mmHg (mean+/-SE, P<0.001). Overweight and obese boys had an odds ratio for being hypertensive of 2.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.79-2.86) and 3.36 (2.32-4.87), respectively; corresponding values for girls were 1.58 (confidence interval 1.25-1.99) and 2.31 (1.53-3.50). BMI, not BF or waist, is consistently and independently related to BP levels in children; overweight and obesity considerably increase the risk of hypertension.

Human heart

A colour image of the human heart. This is an image taken from Anatomy tv, an interactive resource for teaching and learning in anatomy and physiology which the University Library subscribes to. This image may not be changed, but you may take a copy and present it with other materials and resources you are using so long as they are password protected for access by members of the University only. All products and all images within the products are protected by copyright. The products and images can only be used for private educational purposes, unless a specific license is purchased for any other usage. For any commercial usage of the images, please contact Primal Pictures Limited. The products allow members of the University of Southampton to ‘copy and paste’ all of the text as well as the images in the 3D-model window and all of the slides. These can then be pasted into nearly any other word-processing or graphics program, including Powerpoint. These resources can be made available to members of the University of Southampton via a password-protected service. This again is designed solely as a service for private educational uses. Like any publisher, Primal Pictures protects itself against copyright infringement. Please do contact Debra Morris in the University Library before using these resources to ensure that conditions are respected. ©Primal Pictures Limited 2007

Asociación de la concentración de material particulado en Bogotá con infarto agudo de miocardio

Introducción: la contaminación atmosférica no solo tiene efectos sobre el sistema respiratorio sino también sobre el cardiovascular. El objetivo de este estudio es generar evidencia que permita establecer una asociación entre el infarto agudo del miocardio y la concentración de PM10 en el ambiente como un estudio preliminar para un grupo de pacientes en Bogotá. Metodología: la asociación entre la concentración del material particulado (en este caso PM10 medido en la estación más cercana del lugar reportado por el paciente) y el infarto agudo del miocardio se estableció utilizando el diseño case crossover. Se utilizó información de las historias clínicas de los pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio que ingresaron al Servicio de Urgencias de la FSFB, y las concentraciones de PM10 medido en la estación más cercana al lugar de inicio de los síntomas de síndrome coronario agudo, reportado por el paciente. Resultados: se encontró que la asociación entre la concentración de PM10 y el diagnóstico de infarto agudo del miocardio es estadísticamente significativa teniendo en cuenta tres momentos de control: 2 horas antes del evento, 24 horas antes del evento y 48 horas antes del evento. Discusión: este estudio sugiere que las altas concentraciones de material particulado en el ambiente son un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de infarto agudo del miocardio especialmente en personas con enfermedad coronaria subyacente. Con esta investigación se demuestra la importancia de generar acciones que disminuyan la contaminación de la ciudad y de esta forma proteger la salud de las personas.

Efectividad en la canalización yugular guiada por ecografía usando tres diferentes técnicas. Experimento en modelos simulados.

Introducción: El desarrollo tecnológico permite efectuar procedimientos eficientes en pacientes críticos de urgencias como canalizar vasos centrales guiados por ecografía. Éste procedimiento comparado con la técnica a ciegas ofrece ventajas como disminución de complicaciones, mejor éxito y menor tiempo de procedimiento. Hay diferentes técnicas de abordaje: transversal, longitudinal y oblicua, lo que supone diferencias en la efectividad y éxito en cada una de ellas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un experimento en modelos simulados con especialistas y residentes de último año de medicina de emergencias. Posterior a estandarizar los conceptos y abordajes de cada una de las técnicas, se puncionaron los modelos para determinar cuál técnica presenta mayor éxito y efectividad para canalización yugular con guía ecográfica. Resultados: El procedimiento fue efectivo en 175 réplicas (97.2%) distribuidas así: éxito 133 (73.9%), redirección 37 (20.6%) y requerimiento de segunda punción en 5 (2.8%). En la técnica transversal la efectividad fue 96.7% (n=58), en longitudinal del 100% (n=60) y en oblicua del 95.0% (n=57), (p=0.377). En residentes la efectividad fue 95.6% (n=86) y en especialistas 98.9% (n=89), (p=0.184). La distribución de éxito mostró que en los especialistas fue mayor en un 18.9% que en los residentes (p=0.004), por género los hombres tienen un éxito mayor en un 18.7% que las mujeres (p=0.009, OR=3.12, IC 95%: 1.30, 7.52). Discusión: No se encontró diferencia significativa en el uso de cualquier técnica, pero la tendencia favorece la técnica longitudinal, quien obtuvo mayor porcentaje de efectividad y éxito.

Actitud de los escolares murcianos hacia la salud dental

Construir y validar una escala para medir la actitud de los escolares murcianos hacia la salud dental, conocer sus actitudes e identificar algunas de las variables que influyen en dicha actitud.Se hizo un muestreo aleatorio, por tipo de estudios y situaci??n del centro, y por aulas, siendo el tama??o de la muestra de 4221 alumnos. Se construyo una escala de Likert de cinco opciones para conocer la aptitud de los escolares murcianos hacia la salud dental.Como resultado final, el 6,8 por ciento de los escolares no cepilla nunca o casi nunca, mientras que el 65 por ciento lo hace una vez al d??a por lo menos. El 16,2 por ciento de la poblaci??n escolar nunca ha visitado al dentista y el 13,9 por ciento presenta ansiedad dental. La actitud media ha sido de 3,91 sobre 5, que puede considerarse regular-buena. Los escolares de EGB presentan la mejor actitud, independientemente de sus h??bitos higi??nicos dentales. En definitiva, la variable que m??s influye en la actitud es la ansiedad dental, quedando en un segundo plano la frecuencia del cepillado, la periodicidad de las visitas dentales y el sexo (las mujeres presentan mejor actitud que los hombres). Los aspectos de la salud dental mas necesitados de cambios positivos son el miedo y la preocupaci??n por la salud dental.

Utilisation by ruminants of nitrogen compounds in silage-based diets

This paper considers the various complex changes that occur to nitrogen (N) containing compounds in forages through the processes of ensiling, rumen degradation and microbial synthesis, post-ruminal digestion and absorption and synthesis into milk protein. Particular emphasis is placed on reviewing recent data on the efficiency of utilisation of N-containing compounds in silages by rumen microbes, since low efficiency here is believed to be a major cause of large N losses to the environment on some silage-based diets. Data are reviewed which show that although rumen degradation of N compounds in silage is rapid and extensive, up to 10% of the soluble N can escape the rumen by being associated with the liquid phase. There is now firm evidence that the composition of the amino acids (AAs) absorbed is heavily dependent on the process of ensiling and that witting or use of certain silage additives conserve the initial amino acid profile of the forage. This provides an opportunity to manipulate the amino acid supply to better match demand thus potentially enhancing utilisation. This review confirms that utilisation of the N fractions in grass and legume silages in particular, is poor and the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) is consistently higher on maize silage-based diets. It is concluded that the way in which grass and legume silages in particular are produced and used in the future needs a radical rethink. New research needs to be aimed at enhancing the utilisation of N in the rumen through a better understanding of N/carbohydrate relationships and the ability of forages to supply degraded carbohydrate. Also more emphasis is needed on understanding of the potentially different role of the different N fractions that exist in silages. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of NRC, UC Davis and ADAS approaches to estimate the metabolizable energy values of feeds at maintenance energy intake from equations utilizing chemical assays and in vitro determinations

Feed samples received by commercial analytical laboratories are often undefined or mixed varieties of forages, originate from various agronomic or geographical areas of the world, are mixtures (e.g., total mixed rations) and are often described incompletely or not at all. Six unified single equation approaches to predict the metabolizable energy (ME) value of feeds determined in sheep fed at maintenance ME intake were evaluated utilizing 78 individual feeds representing 17 different forages, grains, protein meals and by-product feedstuffs. The predictive approaches evaluated were two each from National Research Council [National Research Council (NRC), Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, seventh revised ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA, 2001], University of California at Davis (UC Davis) and ADAS (Stratford, UK). Slopes and intercepts for the two ADAS approaches that utilized in vitro digestibility of organic matter and either measured gross energy (GE), or a prediction of GE from component assays, and one UC Davis approach, based upon in vitro gas production and some component assays, differed from both unity and zero, respectively, while this was not the case for the two NRC and one UC Davis approach. However, within these latter three approaches, the goodness of fit (r(2)) increased from the NRC approach utilizing lignin (0.61) to the NRC approach utilizing 48 h in vitro digestion of neutral detergent fibre (NDF:0.72) and to the UC Davis approach utilizing a 30 h in vitro digestion of NDF (0.84). The reason for the difference between the precision of the NRC procedures was the failure of assayed lignin values to accurately predict 48 h in vitro digestion of NDF. However, differences among the six predictive approaches in the number of supporting assays, and their costs, as well as that the NRC approach is actually three related equations requiring categorical description of feeds (making them unsuitable for mixed feeds) while the ADAS and UC Davis approaches are single equations, suggests that the procedure of choice will vary dependent Upon local conditions, specific objectives and the feedstuffs to be evaluated. In contrast to the evaluation of the procedures among feedstuffs, no procedure was able to consistently discriminate the ME values of individual feeds within feedstuffs determined in vivo, suggesting that the quest for an accurate and precise ME predictive approach among and within feeds, may remain to be identified. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.