我国彩票购买人群的心理行为特征及购彩成瘾倾向研究

The aims of this research were to explore Chinese lottery buyers’ and addictive buyers’ characteristics and influencing factors of lottery buying．Three studies were carried out: study 1 was to find out the psychological and behavioral characteristics of Chinese lottery buyers. Study 2 was to find out the psychological and behavioral characteristics of addictive lottery buyers. High addictive tendency group and control group were selected, and general information, personality traits and lottery buying behavior characteristics were compared between the two groups. Study 3 was to explore the influences of locus of control and coping style on Chinese lottery buyers’ addictive tendency. 7,160 subjects were rectuited from the Welfare Betting shops in 114 cities of the 31 provinces of China. It was found that: 1. The main characteristics of Chinese lottery buyers are: male, marride, non-religious, 26-45 years old, having at least high school level of education. 2. Chinese lottery buyer’s reasons of first buying were curiosity, to donate for charity, to have amusement, to chase big prize and others’ influence. At present the main reasons of lottery buying were charity, amusment and big prize. 3. 40 percent of Chinese lottery buyers spent more than 20% of their income on lottery. Higher income buyers spent more than the lower ones, but the lower income buyers’ ratio of lottery buying money per month was higher than that of the higher income ones. 4. Chinese high addictive lottery buyers’ characteristics were middle-aged, married, low educational and low-income males . 5. Lottery buyers’ buying behavior is reinforced with lottery winning ratio during the first lottery buying . The addictive tendency of lottery buying is unrelated with the length of lottery buying experience. 6. External control, negative coping style and education level, are associated with the high addictive lottery buying behavior.

本研究采取问卷调查的方法探讨了我国购彩人群的特征、购彩成瘾人群的特征以及影响购彩成瘾的因素。研究分三部分进行：研究一，我国彩票购买人群的心理行为特征。研究二，我国购彩成瘾者的群体特征。从总体中筛选出成瘾倾向组和对照组，并比较两组的人口学特点购彩行为特点。研究三，内外控、应对方式对我国彩票购买者成瘾倾向的影响。被试为电脑彩票购买者，共7160人，分别来自于全国31个省市的114个城市。本研究的主要结果如下： 1. 我国购彩群体中男性居多，男性与女性的比例超过3：1；以已婚者为主体；26-45岁是主体年龄段；3/4的购彩者受教育程度在高中及以上水平；职业分布比较均衡；78%的购彩者无宗教信仰。 2. 我国购彩群体首次买彩票的主要动机依次是好奇、奉献爱心、娱乐、中大奖和受周围人影响。目前买彩票的主要动机是奉献爱心、娱乐和中大奖。 3. 我国有40%的购彩者其购彩月花费占月收入百分比在20%及以上。月收入高的购彩者投入的金额高于月收入低的购彩者，而低收入者的购彩月花费占月收入百分比高于高收入者。 4. 我国购彩成瘾群体特征表现为中年男性、在婚或有过婚史、受教育程度低和月收入水平低和每天花费时间多。 5. 第一次购买即中奖对彩票的继续购买具有强化作用，而购彩成瘾倾向可能与彩龄的长短无关。 6. 外控制点、消极应对和受教育程度均与购彩成瘾显著相关，并且可以作为我国购彩者购彩成瘾倾向的预测因子。