La personalidad como predictora de dificultades cotidianas en la adolescencia. 'Personality features as predictors different problems in adolescence'

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Con el apoyo económico del departamento MIDE de la UNED

El cued speech : adaptación española y estudio experimental sobre su contribución a la madurez verbal del niño sordo profundo.

El estudio científico de los efectos de la palabra complementada (cued speech) en la compresión verbal, o más concretamente, en el aspecto de la recepción de la palabra hablada, en el aprendizaje verbal del niño sordo profundo frente a otros sistemas oralistas de rehabilitación. Compuesta por 20 niños sordos profundos, alumnos del centro de rehabilitación del lenguaje y audición 'Príncipe de Asturias' de Cartagena, diagnosticados con sordera bilateral profunda. Todos ellos eran sordos prelocutivos y todos han tenido antes de la aplicación de las pruebas aquí presentadas al menos 5 años de rehabilitación logopédica de orientación oralista. Las edades fueron entre 7 y 10 años. Todos estaban escolarizados en ciclo inicial o medio de EGB. Diseño intrasujeto. Las variables controladas independientes fueron: A) Aplicación individual. B) Control auditivo y momento auditivo óptimo. C) Disposición positiva del sujeto para el trabajo. D) Evitación del aprendizaje. E) Preparación psicológica del sujeto. F) Explicación de la tarea a realizar y sus objetivos. Se le presentaron al sujeto 66 logotomas para cada una de las siete combinaciones del experimento. Los grupos de palabras fueron 6 y cada grupo comprende 18 palabras. La evaluación se realizó mediante dos pruebas 'ad hoc': 1. Logotomas o silabas sin sentido. 2. Palabras clave dentro del contexto lingüístico, y que a su vez se subdivide en dos tipos: A) Palabra clave en contexto previsible. B) Palabra clave en contexto poco previsible. Tabla de frecuencias absolutas. Equipo de vídeo para pruebas lingüísticas (recepción). Audiómetro modelo Amplaid 30. Equipo Suvag. Estadística no paramétrica (pequeños grupos). Se utilizó un ANOVA, que permitió calcular una 'F omnibus': prueba de T para los logotomas y palabras clave. El tratamiento estadístico y de textos se llevó a cabo mediante el software: Display writer 3, dBase III, Microsta estadística y epistat estadística. El cued speech es válido para llevar al niño sordo profundo a un nivel de recepción de la palabra similar al del niño oyente de su misma edad. Es más eficaz al simultanearlo con la lectura labiofacial. El cueed speech se revela independiente de los restos auditivos. La recepción verbal captada por el niño sordo mediante varias vías simultaneamente, mejora los resultados. Entre esta simultaneidad se revela como más eficiente la pareja labiolectora T kinemas (complementos manuales). El cued speech nos llega con un soporte técnico de avanzada tecnología. La recepción lingüística ofrecida al niño sordo profundo mediante varias vías de información mejora los resultados, y en concreto se confirma que las dos vías con las que se alcanzan los resultados más elevados son el uso simultáneo de la lectura labiofacial y los complementos del cued speech.

Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of patients with adult polycystic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis

Aims:To analyze the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with adult polycystic kidney disease admitted to hemodialysis services in Northwestern Paraná state,Brazil. Methods: This was an observational, descriptive and retrospective longitudinal study. Medical records of patients with polycystic kidneys who initiated hemodialysis between 1995 and 2012, in four centers that treat patients of the coverage area of the 15th Regional Health Region of Paraná state where analyzed. Results:We found that 10.3% of hemodialysis patients had polycystic kidney disease as a leading cause of stage 5 of chronic kidney disease. The mean age of patients was 54.9±9.4 years (ranging between 27 and 74 years), with equal gender distribution and Caucasian predominance (72.9%). The average age of dialysis initiation was 50±10.2 years. The most common comorbidity was systemic hypertension (66.7%). Liver cyst was the main extra-renal manifestation (10.4%). Twenty-five percent of the patients required renal transplantation, and (22.9%) undergone nephrectomy. The most widely used classes of antihypertensive drugs were β-blockers (41.7%) and drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system (31.3%), while 56.3% of patients were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin. Conclusions:This is a pioneering epidemiological study in Northwestern Paraná state. We found in this population a sociodemographic and clinical profile of adult polycystic kidney disease similar to that of North America and Europe, probably because the ethnic constitution of the sample was predominantly of Euro-descendants.

Efficacy of the Speech Intelligibility Index as an intervention tool with pediatric cancer patients

This study evaluates the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) as a tool to describe hearing loss and predict when hearing aids would be appropriate for pediatric oncology patients who have received or are currently receiving cisplatin. The efficacy of the SII is compared to the Brock grade which is commonly used for patients with ototoxic hearing loss secondary to cisplatin treatment. The SII is a discrete measure that precisely reflects the patient’s functional hearing status and is highly correlated with the need for audiologic intervention.

The effect of nonlinear frequency compression and linear frequency transposition on speech perception in school-aged children

The primary objective of this study is to determine whether nonlinear frequency compression and linear transposition algorithms provide speech perception benefit in school-aged children.

Auditory speech-discrimination as a function of age and type of audiogram

This paper reviews a study to determine if loss of speech discrimination is related to age and patients with audiograms showing steep high-frequency losses.

Re-interpretation of early speech perception test (standard version) in Urdu language

This paper resulted in the Urdu language version of the Early Speech Perception Test(ESP).

Visual speech perception: a comparison between younger and older adults

This paper examines the visual speech processing abilities of older adults and the age-related effects on speechreading abilities.

Speech intelligibility in noise-induced hearing loss: effects of high-frequency compensation

This dissertation examines the frequency response that results in the maximum level of speech intelligibility for persons with noise-induced hearing loss.

Computer assisted instruction for developing speech perception skills in profoundly deaf children

This paper evaluates the usefulness of the "Foundations in Speech Perception" computer program developed by Breakthrough, Inc. in conjunction with Central Institute for the Deaf.

A comparison of physical measurements of pure-tones, third-octave bands of noise and third-octave bands of speech to subjective judgments of audibility threshold, MCL and UCL for three normally hearing listeners

This study investigates the relation between physical measurements of pure-tones, third-octave bands of noise and third-octave bands of speech and subjective judgments of auditory threshold, most-comfortable listening level (MCL) and uncomfortable-listening level (UCL) for three normally hearing listeners.

Effect of amplification bandwidth on intelligibility of several different speech samples for a listener with sensorineural hearing loss

This paper examines the effect of amplification bandwidth on speech intelligibility using multiple speech samples.

The development of the computerized version of the early speech perception test battery

This paper discusses the development of a computerized version of the CID Early Speech Perception Test.

Does systematic instruction in rhythmic movement influence the speech of the deaf

This paper discusses the influence of rhythm in teaching of hearing impaired children.