Effect of vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) on protein content of Labeo rohita (Ham.) fry

Increase in body protein concentration was noted in the fry of rohu fed vitamin E at 0.0 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, and 400 mg/kg of formulated diet. The protein content of fry was found to be significantly different between the different levels of vitamin E. It was found to be maximum (18.7%) in the case of vitamin E at 75 mg/kg diet followed by vitamin E at 100 mg/kg diet. On increasing of vitamin E above 100 mg per kilogram diet there was further decline in the protein content of the fry. The protein increase, from the initial value (12.5%), were recorded to be 14.4%, control; 21.6%, 25 mg level; 31.2%, 50 mg level; 49.6%, 75 mg level; 45.6%, 100 mg level; 14.4%, 150 mg level; 28% 200 mg level; 29.6%, 300 mg level and 13.6% for 400 mg level in different experimental groups.

Seasonal variation of alginic acid content in Sargassum cervicone Greville from Hikkaduwa

Sargassum cervicone Greville is one of the species of Sargassum occuring in abundance along the South Western Coast of Ceylon. Durairatnam 1966 carried out a survey from Ambalangoda to Hambantota, and estimated that approximately 130 tons of dried Sargassum can be harvested manually. The bulk of the Sargassum found in this area was Sargassum cervicone Greville.

Density, sp3 content and internal layering of DLC films by X-ray reflectivity and electron energy loss spectroscopy

A variety of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films have been characterized by means of grazing-incidence X-ray reflectivity (XRR) to give information about their density, thickness, surface roughness and layering. We used XRR to validate the density of ta-C, ta-C:H and a-C:H films derived from the valence plasmon in electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements, up to 3.26 and 2.39 g/cm3 for ta-C and ta-C:H, respectively. By comparing XRR and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) data, we have been able for the first time to fit a common electron effective mass of m*/me = 0.87 for all amorphous carbons and diamond, validating the `quasi-free' electron approach to density from valence plasmon energy. While hydrogenated films are found to be substantially uniform in density across the film, ta-C films grown by the filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) show a multilayer structure. However, ta-C films grown with an S-bend filter show a high uniformity and only a slight dependence on the substrate bias of both sp3 and layering.

Effects of iso-nitrogenous fertilizers as nutrient sources on carp polyculture in Bangladesh

A 120-day long experiment was conducted to find out the effects of urea plus triple super phosphate (UT), cow manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) having iso-nil:rogen content on pond productivity and fish yield. Three fertilizer treatments, with three replicates each, were randomly assigned into nine earthen ponds of 100 m2 each. The stocking fish were rohu (Labeo ruhita), catla ( Catla catla) and mrigal ( Cirrhinus mrigala) in each treatment pond at the rate of 10000/ha with the ratio of 1:1:1. All ponds were fertilized fortnightly at the rate of 125 kg/ha urea plus 100 kg TSP/ha, 7000 kg/ha cow manure and 3500 kg/ha poultry manure for the treatment of UT, CM and PM, respectively, having an iso-nitrogen content of 56 kg in each. Though the physicochemical water quality parameters were more or less similar in all treatment ponds, the chlorophyll-a content and abundance of total plankton were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the ponds receiving the treatment PM. Final growth as well as per unit production of fish was significantly higher (pcontent is similar, in carp polyculture system under prevailing conditions.

Effect of copper, cadmium and Cu.Cd mixture on amino acid content in the poslarvae of penaeid shrimp, Penaeus monodon and P. penicillatus

This study document effects of short-term (96h) sublethal levels of copper, cadmium and their mixture on the amino acid composition of postlarvae of the penaeid shrimp, P.monodon and P.penicillatus . All experimental conditions were kept constant, temperature between 25-27•C and salinity 21-22 ppt. The estimated LD50 for Cu was 200 ug/L, for Cd 177.5 ug/L and for Cu.Cd mixture 250ug/L. In P. penicillatus at the same concentration of each metal, there was significant reduction in amino acid content, which was 8.01% higher than the control. Almost similar reduction in some amino acids was observed in P.monodon. At the maximum concentration of 400 ug/L, cadmium caused higher reduction in amino acid composition than did copper. Thus, amino acid composition may be regarded as a sensitive biochemical indicator of Cu and Cd toxicity because of the effect of these metals on protein synthesis, a signal of physiological stress in marine organisms subjected to heavy metal pollution.

Growth performance of Chlorella ellipsoidea as biomicrocapsule using supernatant of digested sugar mill waste effluent

Biomicrocapsules mean microscopic living organisms which carry important nutrients, very essential for the growth and development of aquatic organisms as well as other animals. Among these biomicrocapsules, Chlorella ellipsoidea, an important green microalga (Chlorophyceae) which contains 40-45% crude protein, 12-16% crude lipid, 14-15% minerals, colour pigments, vitamins and carotene. The microalga, C. ellipsoidea was cultured in four different dilutions of supernatant of digested sugar mill effluent (DSME) i.e. 25, 50, 75 and 100% DSME and Bold basal medium (BBM) as control in laboratory condition. Maximum cell growth and chlorophyll a content of C. ellipsoidea were obtained on l0th day of culture in supernatant of 50% diluted DSME followed by those of this biomicrocapsule grown in BBM, and 75, 25 and 100% DSME at stationary phase. Cell number had highly (p<0.01) direct correlation with chlorophyll a (r = 0.889) of C. ellipsoidea, and optical density (r = 0.926) of media. Chlorophyll a was also highly (p<0.01) and directly correlated with optical density (r= 0.877) of media. The specific growth rates (µ/day) of cell and chlorophyll a of C. ellipsoidea grown in supernatant of 50% DSME were significantly (p<0.01) varied from those of C. ellipsoidea cultured in BBM followed by other DSME. Total biomass of C. ellipsoidea cultured in supernatant of 50% DSME was found significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of this microalga cultured in BBM, and supernatant of 25, 75 and 100% DSME. Similar trend was also observed in the case of optical density. The physico-chemical properties of media were varied with the growth of cell of this microalga. It was recorded that cell number, chlorophyll a of biomicrocapsule, and optical density of media were highly (p<0.01) and directly correlated with pH, hardness and alkalinity, and inversely correlated with nitrate-N. Crude protein and crude lipid of C. ellipsoidea grown in supernatant of 50% DSME were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those of C. ellipsoidea cultured in other DSME and BBM. Due to best growth performance exhibited by this microalga grown in supernatant of 50% DSME, it may be used to grow in supernatant of 50% DSME to get more essential nutrients than that cultured in supernatant of other DSME media.

Effects of iso-nitrogenous and iso-phosphorus fertilizers as nutrient sources on carp polyculture in Bangladesh

A 120 day long experiment was conducted to find out the effects of cow manure with urea and triple super phosphate (CUT), poultry manure with urea and triple super phosphate (PUT) and cow manure with poultry manure (CP) having similar quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus on pond productivity and fish yield. The stocking fish were rohu (Labeo rohita), catla ( Catla catla) and mrigal ( Cirrhinus mrigala) in each treatment pond at the rate of 10000/ha. All ponds were fertilized fortnightly at the rate of 4000 kg/ha cow manure with 62 kg/ha urea and 65 kg/ha TSP, 2700 kg/ha poultry manure with 62 kg/ha urea and 16 kg/ha TSP, and 4000kg/ha cow manure with 2700 kg/ha poultry manure for the treatment CUT, PUT and CP respectively. Each treatment contained an iso-nitrogen and iso-phosphorus of 56 kg and 46 kg respectively. Though the physico-chemical parameters were more or less similar in all ponds, the chlorophyll-a content and abundance of total plankton were significantly higher (P< 0.05) in the ponds receiving the fertilizer treatment of PUT than those of other treatments. Final growth as well as per unit production of fish of treatment PUT (1773 kg/ha) was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than that of treatment CP (1528 kg/ha) followed by that of treatment CUT (1336 kg/ha). The over all results showed that poultry manure with urea and triple super phosphate proved to be superior to cow manure with urea and triple super phosphate, and poultry manure with cow manure, even when nitrogen and phosphorus content was similar, in carp polyculture system under prevailing conditions.