Detecção e Monitorização de Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) em Cabo Verde

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Microlepidoptera:Gelechiidae) é praga minadora de folhas desenvolve-se principal-mente no tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) e não só mas também em outras espécies de Solanáceas tais como batata comum (Solanum tuberosum), beringela (Solanum melongina), Pimentos (Capsicum sp.) e no tomate silvestre (Lycopersicon hirsutum), (Solanum dulcamara), (Solanum nigrum), (Solanum elaeagnifolium), (Datura stramonium), (Datura ferox) e (Nicotiana glauca). Esta praga ataca espécies de tomate em grande escala a nível dos trópicos, Sub-trópicos e regiões temperadas causando prejuízos económicos consideráveis (USDA, 2011). Esta praga encontra-se presente na América do Sul, (Chili, Bolívia, Brasil, Colômbia, Equador, Uruguai, Perú, Venezuela, Argentina). No continente Africano ela encontra-se na Africa Ocidental e Central designadamente no Benim, Camarões, Cabo-Verde, Costa do Marfim, Congo Brazzaville, Gambia, Gabão, Ghana, Guiné-Conakry, Guiné- Bissau, Mali, Mauritâ-nia, Niger, Nigéria, República Democrático do Congo, Serra Leoa, Senegal, Tchad e Togo. Pela primeira vez T. abso-luta foi assinalada na Europa em 2006, e em Espanha na comunidade Valenciana em 2007 (Vieira, 2008). O cultivo de tomate em Cabo Verde tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Actualmente tomate é o legume mais cultivado em Cabo Verde. A sua quota parte na produção hortícola que não ultrapassavam os 1.000 t há uns anos, atinge actualmente 4200 t, o que representa 23% da produção total dos legumes. Apesar de alguns constrangimentos, nomeadamente problemas de ordem fitossanitária e escassez de água de rega a disponibi-lidade e a utilização generalizada das variedades locais, permitiram um escalonamento da produção durante o ano, compreendendo o período quente e húmido. Um outro fator que contri-bui para o aumento substancial da produção, é a salinização de água de rega, em várias zonas do regadio. Os agricultores destas zonas viram nesta cultura a única saída para obterem algum rendimento (MAP/ CPDA/INIDA/ FAO GCP/CV/036/NET s/data). Em Cabo Verde a área média de um campo de produção de tomate é de 750 m2 sendo máxima de 1.400 m2. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecimento instantâneo de presença ou ausência da nova praga Tuta absoluta no país que foi recentemente encontrada na Sub-região Saariana na Costa Ocidental e Central de África.

Do the eealthy risk more money? An experimental comparison

Are poor people more or less likely to take money risks than wealthy folks?We find that risk attraction is more prevalent among the wealthy when theamounts of money at risk are small (not surprising, since ten dollars is asmaller amount for a wealthy person than for a poor one), but, interestingly,for the larger amounts of money at risk the fraction of the nonwealthydisplaying risk attraction exceeds that of the wealthy.We also replicate our previous finding that many people display riskattraction for small money amounts, but risk aversion for large ones. Weargue that preferences yielding risk attraction for small money amounts,together with risk aversion for larger amounts, at all levels of wealth, while contradicting the expected utility hypothesis, may be well-defined,independently of reference points, on the choice space.

North-South convergence and the allocation of CO2 emissions

We postulate a two-region world, comprised of North (calibrated after the US) and South(calibrated after China). Our optimization results show the compatibility of the following threedesiderata:(1) Global CO2 emissions follow a conservative path that leads to the stabilizationof concentrations at 450 ppm.(2) North and South converge to a path of sustained growth at 1% per year (28.2%per generation) in 2075.(3) During the transition to the steady state, North also grows at 1% per year whileSouth s rates of growth are markedly higher.The transition paths require a drastic reduction of the share of emissions allocated to North,large investments in knowledge, both in North and South, as well as very large investments ineducation in South. Surprisingly, in order to sustain North s utility growth rate, some output mustbe transferred from South to North during the transition.Although undoubtedly subject to many caveats, our results support a degree of optimism byproviding prima facie evidence of the possibility of tackling climate change in a way that is fairboth across generations and across regions while allowing for positive rates of humandevelopment.

Variaciones de la población del Zarcillo (Larosterna inca: aves) 1963 y 1985 en el litoral peruano, con énfasis en la Isla Asia

En la base de datos proporcionados por Pesca Perú-Fertilizantes, se evaluaron las poblaciones de ave marina Larosterma inca (Zarcillo) de 30 lugares de la costa peruana para los años 1963 hasta 1985, poniendo énfasis en la población de la isla Asia.

Does risk aversion or attraction depend on income? An experiment

Does risk attitude (aversion or attraction) vary with the level of the income at risk? About half of our subjects chose to insure all levels, whereas another half chose instead not to insure low levels, but to insure high levels.

Reflections on gains and losses: A 2x2x7 experiment

We test whether risk attitudes change when losses instead of gains areinvolved. The study of gain-loss asymmetries has been largely confinedto reflected choices, where all the money amounts of a positiveprospect are multiplied by minus one. We define the decomposition reflection = translation + probability switch, and experimentally findboth a translation effect (risk attraction becomes more frequent whengains are translated into losses) and a probability switch effect (riskattraction becomes more frequent when the probability of the best outcomedecreases). Surprisingly, the switch effect is somewhat stronger than thetranslation effect, negating a conventional reflection effect when onestarts with choices between gains with a low probability of the bestoutcome. We conclude by arguing that, while both the translation effectand the switch effect contradict the expected utility hypothesis, thetranslation effect implies a deeper violation of standard preference theory.

Intergenerational justice when future worlds are uncertain

Let there be a positive (exogenous) probability that, at each date, the human species will disappear.We postulate an Ethical Observer (EO) who maximizes intertemporal welfare under thisuncertainty, with expected-utility preferences. Various social welfare criteria entail alternativevon Neumann- Morgenstern utility functions for the EO: utilitarian, Rawlsian, and an extensionof the latter that corrects for the size of population. Our analysis covers, first, a cake-eating economy(without production), where the utilitarian and Rawlsian recommend the same allocation.Second, a productive economy with education and capital, where it turns out that the recommendationsof the two EOs are in general different. But when the utilitarian program diverges, thenwe prove it is optimal for the extended Rawlsian to ignore the uncertainty concerning the possibledisappearance of the human species in the future. We conclude by discussing the implicationsfor intergenerational welfare maximization in the presence of global warming.

Solving a concrete sleepers production scheduling by genetic algorithms

PRECON S.A is a manufacturing company dedicated to produce prefabricatedconcrete parts to several industries as rail transportation andagricultural industries.Recently, PRECON signed a contract with RENFE,the Spanish Nnational Rail Transportation Company to manufacturepre-stressed concrete sleepers for siding of the new railways of the highspeed train AVE. The scheduling problem associated with the manufacturingprocess of the sleepers is very complex since it involves severalconstraints and objectives. The constraints are related with productioncapacity, the quantity of available moulds, satisfying demand and otheroperational constraints. The two main objectives are related withmaximizing the usage of the manufacturing resources and minimizing themoulds movements. We developed a deterministic crowding genetic algorithmfor this multiobjective problem. The algorithm has proved to be a powerfuland flexible tool to solve the large-scale instance of this complex realscheduling problem.

Abundancia relativa y distribución de aves marinas frente a la costa peruana y su relación con la abundancia de anchoveta. Crucero BIC Humboldt 9808-09, de Piura a Lima

Analizan avistamiento de aves marinas llevadas a cabo frente a la costa entre Piura y Lima, a bordo del Crucero BIC Humboldt 9808-09. En 1927 millas náuticas observadas se registraron 37.597 aves marinas clasificadas en 11 familias y 49 especies. El grupo más numeroso fue el de las aves guaneras con 47,8%, seguido por las pardelas con 31,16% del total de aves registradas. Se observa una ligera recuperación en los rangos de distribución de las aves guaneras y un retroceso en la distribución de las especies tropicales. Así mismo, a pesar de la menor biomasa de anchoveta, se observa un incremento en número de las especies propias de la Corriente Peruana. Las asociaciones significativas registradas entre la presencia de anchoveta y la presencia de guanay, piquero y pelícano, sugieren que estas especies se concentran en áreas donde se presenta esta presa. La mayor distancia a la costa alcanzada por el piquero, ave especialista y dependiente de la anchoveta, sugiere la presencia de cardúmenes pequeños de ejemplares adultos de anchoveta dispersos en el área. La correlación encontrada entre el piquero y la abundancia de anchoveta, caballa, sardina, falso volador y bagre, sugiere que la anchoveta se hallaría mezclada con los cardúmenes de estas especies. Sin embargo, no se puede descartar la posibilidad de que los piqueros estén consumiendo caballa y sardina, y que ante la poca disponibilidad de presas, el falso volador y el bagre hayan pasado a formar parte de la dieta de estas aves.

Five new associations of parasitoids in potter wasps (Vespidae, Eumeninae)

Five new associations of parasitoids in potter wasps (Vespidae, Eumeninae). New associations of host and parasitoids involving potter wasps: Toxophora leucon and Pleurochrysis sp. were found parasitizing Cyphomenes anisitsii, Chrysis sp. (gr. intricans) was found parasitizing Minixi suffusum, Plega beardi was found parasitizing Montezumia pelagica sepulchralis and Macrosiagon sp. was found parasitizing Pachodynerus nasidens.

A dynamic analysis of human welfare in a warming planet

Climate science indicates that climate stabilization requires low GHG emissions. Is thisconsistent with nondecreasing human welfare?Our welfare or utility index emphasizes education, knowledge, and the environment. Weconstruct and calibrate a multigenerational model with intertemporal links provided by education,physical capital, knowledge and the environment.We reject discounted utilitarianism and adopt, first, the Pure Sustainability Optimization (orIntergenerational Maximin) criterion, and, second, the Sustainable Growth Optimization criterion,that maximizes the utility of the first generation subject to a given future rate of growth. We applythese criteria to our calibrated model via a novel algorithm inspired by the turnpike property.The computed paths yield levels of utility higher than the level at reference year 2000 for allgenerations. They require the doubling of the fraction of labor resources devoted to the creation ofknowledge relative to the reference level, whereas the fractions of labor allocated to consumptionand leisure are similar to the reference ones. On the other hand, higher growth rates requiresubstantial increases in the fraction of labor devoted to education, together with moderate increasesin the fractions of labor devoted to knowledge and the investment in physical capital.

La explotación del guano de islas en el Perú (conclusión)

Describe las características del ave Piquero (Sula Variegata), segunda productora de guano y el Alcatraz (Pelecanus occidentalis thagus), conocido con el nombre de pelícano, aportante del 5% de la producción total del guano. Reseña una breve historia del guano en el Perú, enfatizando la labor de la Compañía Administradora del Guano, el proceso de explotación del guano de las islas y su importancia como fertilizante en la agricultura.

Recuperación de guanayes (Phalacrocorax Bougainvillii) caquécticos en cautividad: estudio de su ingestión y deyección

Realiza una investigación sobre la forma de vida de los Guanayes, sus características biológicas y la convivencia con las demás aves en su mismo hábitat. Esto con motivo de las constantes pérdidas de mortandad en grandes cantidades de esta ave guanera muy importante para la producción del guano en la costa peruana.

Algunos resultados de las anillaciones de Guanay (Phalacrocorax bougainvillii L.) efectuados durante 1939-1941 y 1949-1953

Proporciona información sobre el guanay, ave guanera, que es estudiado para determinar su proceso de anidación y la influencia que tiene en la producción del guano en todo el litoral peruano. Realizan una técnica de marcación de ejemplares para hacerles seguimiento en el periodo de los años 1939 a 1953.

Mélanges sur l'HISTOIRE DU XVIIe SIECLE.

Contient : Notes pour l'histoire de Colbert, parmi lesquelles on remarque les pièces suivantes ; Tombe de Richard Colbert, dit l'Ecossais ; Lettre du sieur Quesnel à Baluze (26 mars s. d.) ; Copie d'une lettre de Mazarin à Le Tellier (Compiègne, 5 juin 1656) ; Lettre de Colbert à Le Tellier (8 août 1663) ; « Instructions de S. E. à exécuter par M. Jobart, en avril 1651 » ; Lettre de D. Jobart [à Mazarin] (Paris, 2 novembre 1650) ; Lettre du sieur Colbert... à son Eminence (9 avril 1655) ; impr. de 8 pages in-4° ; Lettre adressée à M. de Feret par le maire et les jurés de Bordeaux (5 avril 1592) ; Lettre de M. Forget au sieur Feret, agent du duc de Saxe-Weimar (s. d.) ; Lettre de M. de Charreard au même (Weimar, 16 mars 1662) ; Copie d'une lettre de Louis XIV à [Charles] duc de Lorraine (8 novembre 1661) ; « Epitaphium Caroli ducis Lotharingiae » ; Lettre de M. d'Erlach au sieur Feret (6 juillet s. d.) ; Lettre de M. de Charreard [au même] (Weimar, 5 février 1662) ; Lettre de « G. Gilhomo de Harstall » à M. Charreard (Altenburg, 25 janvier 1662) ; Lettre de M. de Bostel à M. de Saint-Marc ; Lettre de Charles de Lorraine, [duc de Guise,] à M. Brulart (s. d.) ; Lettre de Charles de Bourbon, évêque de Lectoure, à M. Lonsieux (7 avril 1592) ; « Coppie de la lettre du patriarche Cirille [de Constantinople] à la seigneurie et pasteurs de la ville et eglize de Genève, traduite d'Italien en Françoys. » ; Règlement pour la surintendante de la maison de la reine (14 mai 1661) ; Mémoire en faveur de l'établissement d'un parlement à Tours ; Lettre de C. Drelincourt à M. Dubordieu, de Montpellier (Paris, 10 février 1656) ; Trois lettres de M. de Charreard à M. Feret (14 juin-16 septembre 1663) ; Copie de lettres de Drelincourt à Balzac et à Feret, et de Balzac à Drelincourt (26 avril-16 octobre 1651) ; Copie, de la main de Baluze, et envoyée par lui à Madame de Maintenon, d'une lettre de [Constant] d'Aubigné à M. de Bonica (des prisons de Niort, 9 mai 1637), et copie de la lettre de Baluze accompagnant l'envoi ; Lettres adressées à Phélypeaux du Verger par divers personnages : ; Quatre lettres d'Henri de Bourbon [prince de Condé] (25 juin-15 octobre 1645) suivies de la copie de diverses lettres de Louis de Bourbon, comte de Soissons ; Huit lettres de Louis XIV (24 mars 1644-23 juillet 1647) ; Le Tellier (3 septembre 1646) ; [Pierre] Seguier (Paris, 21 décembre 1642) ; Le P. de Lingendes, S. J. (Paris, 12 février 1644) ; [Pierre] Séguier (Paris, 12 mai 1658) ; Trois lettres de Louis de Bourbon [prince de Condé] (13 novembre 1646-13 décembre 1647) ; Neuf lettres de Gaston [duc d'Orléans] (1er décembre 1645-20 mars 1648) ; Vingt-deux lettres de [Silvestre de Cruzy de] Marcillac, évêque de Mende, à Bernard de Saxe-Weimar (3 mai 1636-20 avril 1639)