A quality-based cost distribution charging scheme for QoS multicast networks

This paper presents a new charging scheme for cost distribution along a point-to-multipoint connection when destination nodes are responsible for the cost. The scheme focus on QoS considerations and a complete range of choices is presented. These choices go from a safe scheme for the network operator to a fair scheme to the customer. The in-between cases are also covered. Specific and general problems, like the incidence of users disconnecting dynamically is also discussed. The aim of this scheme is to encourage the users to disperse the resource demand instead of having a large number of direct connections to the source of the data, which would result in a higher than necessary bandwidth use from the source. This would benefit the overall performance of the network. The implementation of this task must balance between the necessity to offer a competitive service and the risk of not recovering such service cost for the network operator. Throughout this paper reference to multicast charging is made without making any reference to any specific category of service. The proposed scheme is also evaluated with the criteria set proposed in the European ATM charging project CANCAN

On the use of QoS requirements as base of multicast charging

We propose a charging scheme for cost distribution along a multicast tree when cost is the responsibility of the receivers. This scheme focuses on QoS considerations and it does not depend on any specific type of service. The scheme has been designed to be used as a bridge between unicast and multicast services, solving the problem of charging multicast services by means of unicast charging and existing QoS routing mechanisms. We also include a numerical comparison and discussions of the case of non-numerical or relative QoS and on the application to some service examples in order to give a better understanding of the proposal

Enhancing MPLS QoS routing algorithms by using the network protection degree paradigm

IP based networks still do not have the required degree of reliability required by new multimedia services, achieving such reliability will be crucial in the success or failure of the new Internet generation. Most of existing schemes for QoS routing do not take into consideration parameters concerning the quality of the protection, such as packet loss or restoration time. In this paper, we define a new paradigm to develop new protection strategies for building reliable MPLS networks, based on what we have called the network protection degree (NPD). This NPD consists of an a priori evaluation, the failure sensibility degree (FSD), which provides the failure probability and an a posteriori evaluation, the failure impact degree (FID), to determine the impact on the network in case of failure. Having mathematical formulated these components, we point out the most relevant components. Experimental results demonstrate the benefits of the utilization of the NPD, when used to enhance some current QoS routing algorithms to offer a certain degree of protection

Avances en el indicador de perdurabilidad empresarial

El Grupo de Investigación en Perdurabilidad Empresarial de la Facultad de Administración de la Universidad del Rosario ha venido trabajando para encontrar un factor cuantitativo financiero de medición que permita apoyar la metodología para determinar si una empresa y/o sector estratégico1 es perdurable. Contar con este indicador facilita la medición del hacinamiento cuantitativo y permite poner en comparación, bajo términos unificados, el resultado de dicha herramienta con los resultados fácilmente observables a través de la investigación y consultoría cualitativa. Más de 80 sectores estratégicos han sido abordados para realizar el análisis de hacinamiento, una de las primeras dificultades que surge es la determinación del indicador cuantitativo de evaluación, ya que en la mayoría de los casos los empresarios no cuentan con indicadores no financieros para realizar una comparación frente a sus rivales directos.

Diagnóstico al sector agrícola con predominio exportador en el periodo 2002-2005

El Observatorio de Epidemiología Empresarial hace parte del Grupo de Investigación en Perdurabilidad Empresarial de la Facultad de Administración y tiene como misión constituir una plataforma de monitoreo, investigación y difusión de estudios de salud y enfermedad de las empresas, con el fin degenerar conocimiento pertinente acerca de la perdurabilidad empresarial colombiana. Por lo tanto se ha planteado como objetivo general aplicar el método epidemiológico en el fenómeno de la empresa con el fin de comprender sus procesos de salud y enfermedad.

Análisis al sector de turismo y alojamiento en el periodo 2002-2005

El Observatorio de Epidemiología empresarial hace parte del Grupo de Investigación en Perdurabilidad Empresarial de la Facultad de Administración y tiene como misión ser una plataforma de monitoreo, investigación y difusión de estudios de salud y enfermedad de las empresas, con el fin de generar conocimiento pertinente acerca de la perdurabilidad empresarial colombiana. Por lo tanto, se ha planteado como objetivo general aplicar el método epidemiológico en el fenómeno de la empresa con el fi n de comprender sus procesos de salud y enfermedad.

Automatic self-configuration of the logical network using distributed software agents

We present a system for dynamic network resource configuration in environments with bandwidth reservation. The proposed system is completely distributed and automates the mechanisms for adapting the logical network to the offered load. The system is able to manage dynamically a logical network such as a virtual path network in ATM or a label switched path network in MPLS or GMPLS. The system design and implementation is based on a multi-agent system (MAS) which make the decisions of when and how to change a logical path. Despite the lack of a centralised global network view, results show that MAS manages the network resources effectively, reducing the connection blocking probability and, therefore, achieving better utilisation of network resources. We also include details of its architecture and implementation

An ATM distributed simulator for network management research

Due to the high cost of a large ATM network working up to full strength to apply our ideas about network management, i.e., dynamic virtual path (VP) management and fault restoration, we developed a distributed simulation platform for performing our experiments. This platform also had to be capable of other sorts of tests, such as connection admission control (CAC) algorithms, routing algorithms, and accounting and charging methods. The platform was posed as a very simple, event-oriented and scalable simulation. The main goal was the simulation of a working ATM backbone network with a potentially large number of nodes (hundreds). As research into control algorithms and low-level, or rather cell-level methods, was beyond the scope of this study, the simulation took place at a connection level, i.e., there was no real traffic of cells. The simulated network behaved like a real network accepting and rejecting SNMP ones, or experimental tools using the API node

Propiedades psicom??tricas del Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI) en dos muestras no cl??nicas de poblaci??n espa??ola

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Lightweight monitoring of label switched paths for bandwidth management

The purpose of resource management is the efficient and effective use of network resources, for instance bandwidth. In this article, a connection oriented network scenario is considered, where a certain amount of bandwidth is reserved for each label switch path (LSP), which is a logical path, in a MPLS or GMPLS environment. Assuming there is also some kind of admission control (explicit or implicit), these environments typically provide quality of service (QoS) guarantees. It could happen that some LSPs become busy, thus rejecting connections, while other LSPs may be under-utilised. We propose a distributed lightweight monitoring technique, based on threshold values, the objective of which is to detect congestion when it occurs in an LSP and activate the corresponding alarm which will trigger a dynamic bandwidth reallocation mechanism

Desigualdad, educación y crecimiento económico

Este documento plantea un modelo teórico de generales traslapadas en el que se resalta la importancia de la educación pública como instrumento para reducir las brechas salariales, asimismo, considera la relación inversa entre la desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso y el crecimiento económico de un país. Por último, resalta la importancia del capital humano como fuente del desarrollo de un país, en la medida que éste es un insumo para la producción y estimula la acumulación de capital físico.

El Paisatge

El paisatge de l’Alta Garrotxa ha sofert canvis radicals al llarg del temps i molt especial a les darreres dècades. Es proporcionen dades estadístiques sobre bosc, bosquina, pastura, conreu, vegetació de cinglera i zona estèril (roca nua, etc.)

Del mosaic tradicional a la dicotomia ciment-bosc

El paisatge, entès com el conjunt de components que confereixen a un determinat espai unes característiques pròpies, és el reflex fidel de l’evolució econòmica, social, política i ambiental que ha viscut un territori. Els intensos canvis que el paisatge ha experimentat en aquest segle a les comarques gironines es poden resumir en dues grans tendències contraposades: una forta pressió urbanitzadora i implementadora d’infraestructures, i un increment progressiu de la superfície forestal en detriment del tradicional paisatge en mosaic, que es caracteritzava per la seva heterogeneïtat. El resultat d’ambdues tendències ha estat una homogeneïtzació paisatgística progressiva que s’ha volgut il•lustrar amb el que s’ha anomenat “dicotomia ciment-bosc”

Influencia de las atribuciones causales del profesor sobre el rendimiento de los alumnos

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Efectos de la frustraci??n y-o el hostigamiento en la modulaci??n emocional de la Respuesta Card??aca de Defensa

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n