Effect of Single and Double Austenitization heat treatments on the Microstructure and Hardness of AISI D2 Tool Steel

This investigation is concerned with the study of effect of Double Austenitization (DA) and Single Austenitization (SA) heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical property of AISI D2type cold worked tool steel. To maximize hardness, tool steels are used in a quenched and tempered condition. This involves heating the material to the austenitizing temperature (∼850−1100 °C), quenching at an appropriate rate to form martensite, and tempering to reduce the retained austenite content and induce toughness. The merits of DA treatment isto promote dissolution of carbides at the same time proscribe grain coarsening significantly was attempted in D2 tool steel. The study has found that DA treatment has induced high hardness with insignificant growth in grains. The increase in hardness is attributed to increase in carbon content in matrix due to dissolution of carbides; whereas finer grains due to role of inclusions.

Effect of Single and Double Austenitization heat treatments on the Microstructure and Hardness of AISI D2 Tool Steel

This investigation is concerned with the study of effect of Double Austenitization (DA) and Single Austenitization (SA) heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical property of AISI D2type cold worked tool steel. To maximize hardness, tool steels are used in a quenched and tempered condition. This involves heating the material to the austenitizing temperature (∼850−1100 °C), quenching at an appropriate rate to form martensite, and tempering to reduce the retained austenite content and induce toughness. The merits of DA treatment isto promote dissolution of carbides at the same time proscribe grain coarsening significantly was attempted in D2 tool steel. The study has found that DA treatment has induced high hardness with insignificant growth in grains. The increase in hardness is attributed to increase in carbon content in matrix due to dissolution of carbides; whereas finer grains due to role of inclusions.

Desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia analítica para a determinação de fármacos em amostyras de água, superficial e tratada, utilizando a cromatografia líquida de ultra performance acoplada a espectrometria de massas tandem (UPLC-MS/MS)

Dissertação (Mestrado)

Resistividade elétrica superficial do concreto: influência da cura

A resistividade elétrica superficial do concreto, nos estados fresco e endurecido, pode ser influenciada por alguns fatores, como por exemplo: grau de hidratação, relação água/aglomerante (a/ag), procedimento de cura, teor de agregado e existência de armadura. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho e o comportamento da resistividade elétrica superficial do concreto tendo como base a influência do tempo de cura e relação a/ag. Os concretos dosados foram divididos em três grupos, onde C-0,81 representa o grupo de concretos com relação água/aglomerante de 0,81 e 20 MPa de resistência à compressão; C- 0,50 representa os concretos com relação água/aglomerante de 0,50 e 40 MPa; e C-0,35 representa os concretos com relação água/aglomerante de 0,35 e 60 MPa de resistência à compressão. Os procedimentos de cura aplicados aos três grupos foram: cura seca, cura submersa até os sete dias e cura submersa até os quatorze dias. No presente estudo, os resultados mostraram que quanto maior a relação água/aglomerante, maior será a porosidade da mistura que, por sua vez, eleva a resistividade elétrica. No que tange ao procedimento de cura, os concretos curados a seco apresentaram maiores índices de resistividade que os concretos submersos.

Dinámica superficial del agua en planicies semiáridas : el papel de las precipitaciones y de la cobertura vegetal

El balance de agua de ecosistemas situados sobre planicies áridas y semiáridas se encuentra determinado por la precipitación (principal entrada de agua) y la evapotranspiración (principal salida de agua). La fracción de la precipitación que ingresa en el suelo y su redistribución espacial son los principales controles del funcionamiento de dichos ecosistemas, como por ejemplo de su productividad primaria neta. En esta tesis se exploró la dinámica superficial del agua en planicies semiáridas dedicadas a la ganadería extensiva, evaluando el papel de las precipitaciones y de la cobertura vegetal a distintas escalas espaciales. En el centro de Argentina, la distribución relativa de tamaño de eventos de precipitación resultó constante en el espacio (sitios dispuestos a lo largo de un gradiente de precipitación de ~1000 mm/año) y en el tiempo (50 años); encontrándose que el 10 por ciento de los eventos de precipitación de mayor tamaño explicó casi la mitad de la precipitación anual. El reemplazo de bosques secos nativos por pasturas en el Chaco Árido, por un lado, aumentó la evaporación potencial del suelo y el escurrimiento superficial a escala de parcela (~1 ha); por otro lado, redujo a la mitad la conductividad hidráulica saturada y generó una reducción de la variabilidad espacial del agua del suelo a escala de parche (0,25 m2). La intensidad de los eventos de precipitación resultó el factor determinante para explicar los procesos de redistribución de agua del suelo de los bosques secos nativos; parches menos vegetados capturaron más agua en eventos de precipitación poco intensos (mayor a 10 mm/h), mientras que parches más vegetados capturaron más agua en eventos más intensos ((menor a 20 mm/h). La cosecha de agua de lluvia en represas o tajamares representó menos del 1 por ciento de la precipitación anual, desempeñando un papel menor en el balance de agua regional (~20000 km2); sin embargo, a escala de parcela o lote (1-100 ha) puede afectar profundamente la partición de flujos de agua, por ejemplo generando recarga inducida como resultado de las pérdidas por infiltración de las represas. Los resultados obtenidos en esta tesis aportan nuevas perspectivas para entender la dinámica superficial del agua en sistemas ganaderos semiáridos, y por lo tanto, para mejorar la producción primaria y secundaria de los mismos.

Estudio preliminar de la calidad de agua de captación superficial para consumo humano en El Caserío El Tamarindo, Cantón Las Delicias, Municipio de San Miguel, año 2012

La investigación se realizó en el Caserío El Tamarindo, Cantón Las Delicias, Municipio de San Miguel, El Salvador. El objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar la Calidad de Agua de Pozos de Captación Superficial para Consumo Humano, debido a que la comunidad se abastece de agua, provenientes de pozos artesanales de poca profundidad ubicados en laderas y afloramientos sub-superficiales de roca de origen volcánico con suelos de pH moderadamente ácidos y sin ningún tratamiento. Dada la situación anterior se considera el agua como factor de riesgo en aproximadamente 350 habitantes de la comunidad, se determinó a través de muestreos de tres sectores el caserío conocidos como: Tamarindo Centro, Guacamaya y Ciénaga de manera descriptiva la calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica del agua, y se analizaron 18 parámetros por muestra, y se comparan con los valores de la Norma Salvadoreña Obligatoria para Agua Potable, NSO 13.07.01:08 vigente. El agua de todos los pozos analizados mostró contaminación por Coliformes Totales y Fecales además las concentraciones de Mercurio y Plomo superan los valores de la Norma. Se determinaron los parámetros además en un pozo de control lejos de los pozos en estudio, para comparar los datos; sin embargo, la presencia de metales y contaminación microbiológica está fuera de norma. Los resultados muestran el deterioro de la calidad del agua respecto a los parámetros químicos y microbiológicos que constituyen un factor de riesgo para la salud de la población es por ello que fueron entregados a un líder de la comunidad para gestione la mejora de la calidad del agua.

The leaderless resistance: George Lincoln Rockwell and the White Separatist Movement

The scope of the thesis encapsulates the wider post-war White Separatist Movement from the origins of American Nazism under George Lincoln Rockwell to the later developments of leaderless resistance and the political and cultural changes to the movement. The specific focus will be upon the relationship between George Lincoln Rockwell and the leaderless resistance concepts, in particular through its development and utilisation. Due to the complexity of the issues and the variety of influencing factors it is necessary in the first instance to assess it in terms of a historiography to allow themes to develop. As a result of this historical analysis themes have become evident to allow a conceptual analysis. In particular the thesis will utilise the following thematic contexts for assessing the various developments within White Separatism: including, state building; political marketing; the role of the media; and the propensity for terror and hate activities. In assessing the basis upon which the conceptual analysis is developed the research has utilised extensive use of texts, radio broadcasts, and pamphlets from the movement. The study has also been able to consider, government reports, law enforcement updates and communications from Civil Rights groups and other agencies. In the conceptual analysis of this information and themes, the thesis utilises new concepts as a means of creating an understanding of a rapidly changing area of politics; including ‘organic politic’ and ‘political firms’, when assessing political marketing trends; and assessing terrorist motivation.

Optimization and improvement of NSCU 1.0. Universal Functional Tester produced by Evoleo Technologi

The aim of the project was to improve an existing testing machine that is produced by the company EVOLEO Technologies. New conceptions of each part have been invented in order to produce an innovative unit that combines optimal segments from the old construction with the new, improved ones. The machine is meant to be testing different kind of devices that use specific elements like: buttons, knobs, monitors. The main purpose is to create various concepts of components that could be changed in order to lower the cost, weight or to simplify the operating process. Figure 1. shows the already existing discussed device.

Dinâmica da regeneração natural de áreas em restauração pela transposição de solo superficial de cerrado e de floresta estacional

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, 2015.

Comportamento ao desgaste erosivo de um aço inoxidável utilizado em hélice de moto aquática

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Gama, Programa de Pós-graduação em Integridade de Materiais da Engenharia, 2015.

Avaliação do desempenho do aço AISI D2 tratado termicamente e nitretado em plasma com gaiola catódica visando aplicação industrial

In the research, steel samples tool AISI D2, treated thermally, in the conditions: relief of tension, when maximum, seasoned and seasoned was treated thermally in the temperature of revenimento and revenida had been nitrited in plasma with cathodic cage, in atmosphere of 80%N2:20%H2. One used pressure of 2,5 mbar, 400 and 480°C temperatures with treatment time of 3 and 4 hours, with the objective to evaluate its performance in pipes cut tool. It was compared that the performance of the same steel when only thermally treated, both with tension relief. It was evaluated its hardness. Microstructural aspects (the layer thickness, interface, graisn size, etc) and crystalline phases on the surface. Besides, it was verified accomplishment possibility of nitriding simultaneous to annealing treatment. The tempering samples had presented hardness levels of 600 HV, while in nitrited samples these values had been 1100 HV

Estruturas cerâmicas a base de zircônia e alumina utilizadas na confecção de infra - estruturas para coroas e pontes fixas

The continuous advances in ceramic systems for crowns and bridges infrastructure getting researchers and manufacturers looking for a material that has good mechanical properties and aesthetic. The purpose of this study was to verify in which composition and sintering temperature the ceramic system for infrastructure composed of alumina and zirconia would have the best mechanical properties. With this objective we made in UFRN laboratories 45 test bodies in the form of rectangular bars with the following dimensions: 30mm x 8mm x 3mm, where we separated by the sintering temperature: 1200°C, 1300ºC and 1400ºC, and by comp osition: 33% Zirconia + 67% Alumina; 50% Zirconia + 50% Alumina and 25% Zirconia + 75% Alumina, these test bodies were not infiltrated with glass. Also, were made nine test bodies by a technical from a laboratory with a commercial ceramic system: in the Ceram Zircônia (Vita - Zahnfabrik) with the following dimensions: 20mm x 10mm x 0.5mm, these test bodies following all recommendations of the manufacturer and were infiltrated with glass. Were realized optical and electronic microscopy analyses, hardness testing, resistance to bending in three points, porosity and bulk density. After analysis of the results we verified that with the increasing of sintering temperature, increased the value of resistance to bending, but with the same temperature there was no significant difference between the different compositions, samples made with the commercial ceramic that were infiltrated, presented a resistance to bending six times greater than the samples sintered to 1400°C and which have not been infiltra ted. There was no significant difference between the values of apparent porosity for the samples made in UFRN laboratories, but the samples of commercial ceramic obtained 0% in porosity apparent value. In tests of Rockwell Hardness there is an increase in the value of Hardness, with the increase of sintering temperature for the samples not infiltrated. Samples infiltrated showed similar values as the samples sintered in 1400°C. There was no significant difference between the values of apparent density among samples manufactured in UFRN laboratories and samples made with a commercial ceramic