Traditional games are recovered from generation to generation

Communities, neighborhoods, and other environments are currently immersed in a series of situations and problems that have favored the deterioration of social, cultural and spiritual values, which are essential for harmony with oneself, others, and the environment. Stereotypes have captured minds and settings have been reduced to indoor spaces, hemmed in by security bars and protective devices.  Peace, fraternity and happiness are diminishing.  It is at this point that the social, spiritual and professional work of specialists in the recreational field contributes to rescue and restructure society. Traditional games and singing games are then the tools used to facilitate relationships, contribute to the learning process, and exhibit skills.  They are fundamental in a person’s life since they are a social and cultural expression of how humans have adapted to their environment (Maestro, 2005).  They do not take ethnicity, age, sex or social conditions into consideration.  Traditional games are also a way of promoting health, improving motor, cognitive and emotional skills and a means of encouraging creativity and imagination and developing a sense of rhythm.  Their goal is to attain a state of personal well-being.  They are a way to release tension and accumulated energy and to get away from the daily routine.  They represent a bridge to learn about oneself, the environment, values, habits, and traditions. In this document, readers will learn how traditional games are transmitted, what their characteristics are, why they are an important tool in today’s society, how they are prepared, and how they can be revived and preserved.

La educación social como instrumento para la equidad social y la calidad del sistema educativo. Estudio centrado en la etapa de la E.S.O.

The thesis presented here responds to the title of Social education as a tool for social equity and quality of education. This thesis is focused in E.S.O, which aims to reveal and expose a globalized mode of professional experience living for a significant number of teachers and social educators in our educational system. analyze and demonstrate the administrative and educational approach through studies categories for which you can catalog the educational reality experienced by educators in schools, check if the context of the practice of social education is given in the best conditions in the education system, identify the influence of social education as a platform of educational intervention to mitigate the possibilities of failure in school that is present through three Autonomous Communities (Extremadura, Castilla-La Mancha and Andalucia) being distributed in a significant number of high schools and several private-subsidized schools Sponsored by religious institutions in the autonomous communities of Madrid and the Canary Islands and schools belonging to religious and social foundations based in Madrid in addition of several municipalities and nonprofit entities with public and private funds that have opted for a differentiated integrate social education in their respective schools of compulsory secondary education...

Envelhecer já não é o que era

O aumento dos indivíduos idosos na sociedade fruto do aumento da longevidade a par de outros factores tornou a problemática relativa ao envelhecimento activo e as instituições criadas para estimular esse mesmo envelhecimento um tema de relevo na promoção dos recursos que os indivíduos mantêm nesta fase etária. De acordo com as politicas sociais actuais é necessário que estes sejam activos, ou seja, que participem nas questões sociais, económicas, culturais, espirituais e cívicas. Neste sentido, esta investigação pretendeu debruçar-se sobre a percepção que uma Directora de uma Universidade Sénior tem relativamente ao envelhecimento, ao impacto deste envelhecimento na família, e o enquadramento das Universidades Senior como agentes neste processo de mudança. Para isso, e para além da pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizámos um método qualitativo (Grounded Theory) que sustentou a entrevista realizada e a sua análise. Na globalidade deste estudo podemos concluir que através de instituições como a Universidade Sénior os idosos sentem-se úteis, desafiados e com capacidade de manter uma qualidade de vida bem sucedida.

Sobreuso de analgésicos en pacientes con cefaleas primarias de un centro de referencia de Medellín

Introducción: Los pacientes con cefaleas primarias están predispuestos a desarrollar una cefalea secundaria al consumo excesivo de analgésicos. En nuestro medio, la adquisición fácil de medicamentos sin fórmula médica incrementa su frecuencia de presentación. Objetivo: Describir el perfil epidemiológico, clínico y de tratamiento de los pacientes con cefaleas primarias y cefalea secundaria por sobreuso de analgésicos atendidos en el programa especial de cefaleas del Instituto Neurológico de Colombia en el periodo 2014-2015. Pacientes y métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se evaluaron características de la cefalea, comorbilidades, discapacidad y patrón de consumo de medicamentos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 834 pacientes con diagnóstico de cefalea por sobreuso de analgésicos, 85.1% con migraña crónica. El 87.6% de los pacientes eran mujeres y tenían 44 años en promedio. La mitad de los pacientes tomaba analgésicos todos los días de la semana (P25-P75: 4 – 7 días); consumiendo, en promedio, tres analgésicos/día (DE: 1.9). La mayoría de pacientes presentaba un consumo elevado de analgésicos simples (95.2%), AINES (92.2%) y analgésicos combinados (89.2%); 51% consumían opiodes y sólo 14.6% consumían triptanes. Conclusión: La identificación de esta cefalea secundaria es de vital importancia para un tratamiento adecuado. El uso medicamentos de libre venta afecta el manejo óptimo de esta entidad asociada a las cefaleas primarias, principalmente la migraña.

Vihara architecture: defining the existential foothold of VIII century Buddhist monastery "Somapura Mahavihara" of ancien Bengal

Lost in history, the ruin of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ was not recognized separated from its birthplace, i.e. nature, for more than 700 years. Yet, within its silent presence, the monument dominated the name of the region: ‘Paharpur’ (land of hillock), according to its appearance surrounds by its flat land topo¬graphy. Discovered in 1919, the single largest Buddhist Vihara (monas¬tery) of ancient Bengal came into light, pronouncing the flou¬rishing minute of Buddhist architecture, once dominant religious force of the subcontinent. The earliest historical monumental architecture of greater Asia, had long been deriving itself from the Buddhist monastic architecture as early as VI century BC. In line of history, the discovery of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ contributed attesting the sensitivities of a highly sophisticated architectonic typology of Vihara Architecture in the land of ancient Bengal. The recovery of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ was not only from its cradle of nature, but also from its remarkable existence imprinted in the reign of Pala dynasty (750 - 1155 AD) announcing the existential foothold of man in his nature. The existential foothold of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ comprises the factors, responsible in shaping the anchorage of the mo¬nument since the birth of Vihara architecture, as early as 530 BC. These factors not only denote the building technology in response to its environment but also the amalgamation of be¬lief, upon which the dwellers transformed the site as a place announcing their existence on earth. This research paper aims at exploring the existential foothold of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’, in terms of its territorial, functional, structural, social, cultural, religious sym¬bolic hierarchies of human achievement while clarifying the architectonic typology that shaped ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ through evolution process of ‘Vihara Architecture’. This understanding intends to combine the archaeological knowledge with comparative architectural analysis of contem¬porary Viharas of ancient Bengal, to define the singularity of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’. In consequence, the glorious past of ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ is intended to portray through iden¬tifying the relation of religious and functional rationalism with the connotation of art, architecture and belief moulded within natural forces, as one complete entity; RESUMO: Vihara Arquitetura: Definindo a posição existencial do século VIII Budista mosteiro “Somapura Mahavihara” de Bengala antiga. Perdidas na História, as ruínas de ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ foram confundidas com uma montanha durante mais de setecentos anos. Contudo, no seu silêncio presente, o monumento marcou a toponímia da região; ‘Paharpur’ significa ‘a terra do outeiro’, evidenciando a singularidade deste monumento numa região dominada por uma extensa planície. Em 1919, foi descoberto o maior mosteiro budista da antiga região de Bengal, demonstrando a prosperidade da arquitectura budista. Tem¬poralmente, a descoberta de ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ contribuiu para atestar a evolução e a sofisticação da tipologia arquitectónica denominada ‘Arquitectura Vihara’, existente na antiga região de Bengal. A noção de pegada existencial de ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ compreende os factores responsáveis por moldar a ancoragem do monumento ao lugar em que se insere desde o início da arquitectura Vihara, que remonta a 530 a.C. Estes factores evidenciam a tecnologia construtiva empregue para responder ao ambiente envolvente mas também a evolução da religião, factores estes que os monges construtores consideraram ao transformar o lugar e anunciar a sua existência na Terra. Esta investigação tem por objectivo explorar a noção de pegada existencial de ‘Somapura Mahavihara’, nas suas dimensões territoriais, funcionais, estruturais, sociais, culturais e nas hierarquias simbólicas das realizações humanas para clarificar a tipologia arquitectónica que deu forma a ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ durante a evolução da arquitectura Vihara. Este entendimento pretende combinar/cruzar o conhecimen¬to arqueológico com estudos arquitectónicos comparativos de Viharas na antiga região de Bengal, com o objectivo de definir a singularidade de ‘Somapura Mahavihara’. Neste estudo estudar-se-á também o confronto entre a dimensão religiosa e a artística (divino vs. humano), integrados na arquitectura de ‘Somapura Mahavihara’ em perfeita harmonia.

Los responsables de los impresos en Costa Rica, 1900-1930

ResumenEste artículo tiene como fin identificar a los responsables redactores, directores, administradores, cronistas, comentaristas, de los periódicos que circularon en Costa Rica entre 1900 y 1930. Este grupo social, con intereses académicos, políticos, religiosos y económicos diversos, constituye un conjunto que tiene particular importancia en la formación de la opinión pública costarricense de ese periodo.AbstractThis article is aimed at identifying the people responsible of editing and printing the newspapers in Costa Rica between 1900 and 1930, such as editors, directors, managers, chroniclers, and commentators. This social group, comprised by individuals with diverse interests in the academic, political, religious, and economic fields, is particularly concerned about the importance of forming public opinion in the Costa Ricans of the period.

Integral Perspective of the Costa Rican Educational Development

The purpose of this essay is to raise the educational development that has been experienced in our country, outlining influential frames such as political, social, religious and economical ones. It aims to report statistical data as indicators of the development of our educational system, in areas of coverage, average education, repetition, desertion, among others. It is imperative to achieve changes and restructuring in our education system at all levels, from kindergarten to university, so it should take into account the contribution of all stakeholders in the education sector, as the human resource is valuable and all the innovative proposals should be heard, especially those that seek to build together and not ideas imposed that hinder the development of education in our country. Improvements must be necessary because there is an existing desire by many people of improving and achieving a true enrichment in our education.

Le confraternite della comunità ebraica di Modena in età moderna

Il presente contributo intende ricostruire la vicenda storica delle associazioni caritative ebraiche attive a Modena durante l’età Moderna. Attraverso l’analisi dei registri, che si sono conservati nei più svariati archivi e che sono rimasti fino ad oggi per la maggior parte inesplorati, appartenuti alle diverse compagnie o confraternite modenesi, si è tentato di ricostruire non solo la vicenda storica di questi istituti, ma parte della storia della società ebraica, con le sue problematiche, rinchiusa all’interno del ghetto. Partendo dal concetto misnaico di Sedaqah, fino ad arrivare al concetto filantropico di beneficienza, attraverso il fondamentale il paragone con le confraternite cristiane, e l’analisi delle confraternite delle altre città italiane già ampiamente studiate, tramite lo studio di questi registri, in particolare gli statuti e le regole che queste associazioni si davano, è stato possibile ricostruire aspetti rilevanti della vita materiale e culturale che hanno caratterizzato la collettività ebraica di Modena durante l’età Modena. La comunità modenese era popolata da più di quindici confraternite, attive nello stesso periodo storico, che avevano scopi sia religiosi che di beneficienza verso quella parte della popolazione più bisognosa di aiuto, ed ha ospitato una confraternita tutta al femminile che è risultata essere un unicum in Europa, poiché si è conservata per intero la sua documentazione, cosa non avvenuta per altre confraternite femminili. Questo studio intende fornire una panoramica delle suddette fonti, per la maggior parte inedite, di estrema importanza per la ricostruzione di aspetti rilevanti della vita materiale e culturale della collettività ebraica modenese.

Religious coping in schizophrenia patients : spiritual support in medical care and pastoral counselling

Following an introduction focusing on the role of religion in the treatment of psychosis, the first part of this paper describes an initial study in which the role of spirituality and religiosity was assessed in 115 patients with schizophrenia in Geneva (Switzerland) and 126 in Trois-Rivières (Quebec). These themes have been shown to be highly prevalent for these patients, though their clinicians are often unaware of this prevalence. The following part of the paper presents a second study where religious supervision was offered to clinicians in Geneva. Comparison between forty patients who received spiritual assessment and opportunities to work on religious topics with their clinicians was made with thirty patients without religious intervention. In the supervisory sessions, six different types of religious interventions were suggested. Outcomes at three months show that patients of the intervention group maintain their interest for help in religious matters while clinicians' interest in integrating religious topics in discussions with their patients has decreased. The third and main part of the paper is devoted to an analysis of the suggested interventions from the viewpoint of the study of religions. Five aspects of religion are distinguished, and explanations of the reasons some of them are easier to manage for clinicians are proposed. The paper concludes with proposals for the education of clinicians to help them to differentiate different kinds of religious coping and to recognize when it could be helpful to refer the patient to a pastoral counsellor.

Central pain due to stroke: cognitive representation and coping according to gender

Objective: To identify and compare perceptions of pain and how it is faced between men and women with central post-stroke pain. Methods: The participants were 25 men and 25 women of minimum age 30 years-old and minimum schooling level of four years, presenting central post-stroke pain for at least three months. The instruments used were: Mini-Mental State Examination; structured interview for the Brief Psychiatric Scale; Survey of Sociodemographic and Clinical Data; Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); Ways of Coping with Problems Scale (WCPS) in Scale; Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R); and Beck Depression Inventory (BD). Results: A significantly greater number of women used the coping strategy "Turn to spiritual and religious activities" in WCPS. They associated their emotional state with the cause of pain in IPQ-R. "Distraction of attention" was the strategy most used by the subjects. Conclusion: Women used spiritual and religious activities more as a coping strategy and perceived their emotional state as the cause of pain.

Monasticon anglicanum; a history of the abbies and other monasteries, hospitals, frieries, and cathedral and collegiate churches, with their dependencies, in England and Wales; also of all such Scotch, Irish and French monasteries, as were in any manner connected with religious houses in England. Together with a particular account of their respective foundations, grants, and donations, and a full statement of their possessions, as well temporal as spiritual.

"The index has been compiled by Mr. Richard Taylor."--T.p. iii.

Review of Research on Spiritual and Religious Formation in Higher Education

College students have diverse ways of expressing their spirituality. The purpose of this review is to examine and critique the research used to study college students’ spiritual and religious formation. Implications for faculty, student affairs professionals, and ministers doing research on spiritual formation in higher education are discussed.

Influence of religious coping on the substance use and HIV risk behaviors of recent Latino immigrants

This study examines the influence of acculturative stress on substance use and HIV risk behaviors among recent Latino immigrants. The central hypothesis of the study is that specific religious coping mechanisms influence the relationship that acculturative stress has on the substance use and HIV-risk behaviors of recent Latino immigrants. Within the Latino culture religiosity is a pervasive force, guiding attitudes, behaviors, and even social interactions. When controlling for education and socioeconomic status, Latinos have been found to use religious coping mechanisms more frequently than their Non-Latino White counterparts. In addition, less acculturated Latinos use religious coping strategies more frequently than those with higher levels of acculturation. Given its prominent role in Latino culture, it appears probable that this mechanism may prove to be influential during difficult life transitions, such as those experienced during the immigration process. This study examines the moderating influence of specific religious coping mechanisms on the relationship between acculturative stress and substance use/HIV risk behaviors of recent Latino immigrants. Analyses for the present study were conducted with wave 2 data from an ongoing longitudinal study investigating associations between pre-immigration factors and health behavior trajectories of recent Latino immigrants. Structural equation and zero-inflated Poisson modeling were implemented to test the specified models and examine the nature of the relationship among the variables. Moderating effects were found for negative religious coping. Higher levels of negative religious coping strengthened an inverse relationship between acculturative stress and substance use. Results also indicated direct relationships between religious coping mechanisms and substance use. External and positive religious coping were inversely related to substance use. Negative religious coping was positively related to substance use. This study aims to contribute knowledge of how religious coping influence's the adaptation process of recent Latino immigrants. Expanding scientific understanding as to the function and effect of these coping mechanisms could lead to enhanced culturally relevant approaches in service delivery among Latino populations. Furthermore this knowledge could inform research about specific cognitions and behaviors that need to be targeted in prevention and treatment programs with this population.