Canonical quantum potential scattering theory

A new formulation of potential scattering in quantum mechanics is developed using a close structural analogy between partial waves and the classical dynamics of many non-interacting fields. Using a canonical formalism we find nonlinear first-order differential equations for the low-energy scattering parameters such as scattering length and effective range. They significantly simplify typical calculations, as we illustrate for atom-atom and neutron-nucleus scattering systems. A generalization to charged particle scattering is also possible.

Genesis of quantum nonlocality

We revisit the problem of an otherwise classical particle immersed in the zero-point radiation field, with the purpose of tracing the origin of the nonlocality characteristic of Schrodinger`s equation. The Fokker-Planck-type equation in the particles phase-space leads to an infinite hierarchy of equations in configuration space. In the radiationless limit the first two equations decouple from the rest. The first is the continuity equation: the second one, for the particle flux, contains a nonlocal term due to the momentum fluctuations impressed by the field. These equations are shown to lead to Schrodinger`s equation. Nonlocality (obtained here for the one-particle system) appears thus as a property of the description, not of Nature. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An analytical relation between entropy production and quantum Lyapunov exponents for Gaussian bipartite systems

We study and compare the information loss of a large class of Gaussian bipartite systems. It includes the usual Caldeira-Leggett-type model as well as Anosov models ( parametric oscillators, the inverted oscillator environment, etc), which exhibit instability, one of the most important characteristics of chaotic systems. We establish a rigorous connection between the quantum Lyapunov exponents and coherence loss, and show that in the case of unstable environments coherence loss is completely determined by the upper quantum Lyapunov exponent, a behavior which is more universal than that of the Caldeira-Leggett-type model.

Fractional quantum Hall effect in second subband of a 2DES

In the present paper we report on the experimental electron sheet density vs. magnetic field diagram for the magnetoresistance R(xx) of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) with two occupied subbands. For magnetic fields above 9T, we found fractional quantum Hall levels centered around the filing factor v = 3/2 in both the two occupied electric subbands. We focused specially on the fractional levels of the second subband, whose experimental values of the magnetic field B of their minima do not obey a periodicity law in 1/|B-B(c)|, where B(c) is the critical field at the filling factor v = 3/2, and we explain this fact entirely in the framework of the composite fermions theory. We use a simple theoretical model to give a possible explanation for the fact. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2011

The effect of confinement on the temperature dependence of the excitonic transition energy in GaAs/Al(x)Ga(1-x)As quantum wells

We determined by means of photoluminescence measurements the dependence on temperature of the transition energy of excitons in GaAs/Al(x)Ga(1-x)As quantum wells with different alloy concentrations (with different barrier heights). Using a fitting procedure, we determined the parameters which describe the behavior of the excitonic transition energy as a function of temperature according to three different theoretical models. We verified that the temperature dependence of the excitonic transition energy does not only depend on the GaAs material but also depends on the barrier material, i.e. on the alloy composition. The effect of confinement on the temperature dependence of the excitonic transition is discussed.

Reentrant quantum Hall effect in bilayer system at high filling factors

We report on the measurements of the quantum Hall effect states in double quantum well structures at the filling factors v = 4N + 1 and 4N + 3, where N is the Landau index number, in the presence of the in-plane magnetic field. The quantum Hall states at these filling factors vanish and reappear several times. Repeated reentrance of the transport gap occurs due to the periodic vanishing of the tunneling amplitude in the presence of the in-plane field. When the gap vanishes, the transport becomes anisotropic. The anisotropy persist at half-odd filling factors, when bilayer quantum Hall states are recovered with increase of the tilt angle. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Surface and Quantum Confinement Effects in ZnO Nanocrystals

ZnO nanocrystals are studied using theoretical calculations based on the density functional theory. The two main effects related to the reduced size of the nanocrystals are investigated: quantum confinement and a large surface:volume ratio. The effects of quantum confinement are studied by saturating the surface dangling bonds of the nanocrystals with hypothetical H atoms. To understand the effects of the surfaces of the nanocrystals, all saturation is removed and the system is relaxed to its minimum energy position. Several different surface motifs are reported, which should be observed experimentally. Spin-polarized calculations are performed in the nonsaturated nanocrystals, leading to different magnetic moments. We propose that this magnetic moment can be responsible for the intrinsic magnetism observed in ZnO nanostructures.

Magnetoresistance oscillations in triple quantum wells under microwave irradiation

The interference of magneto-intersubband oscillations and microwave-induced resistance oscillations is studied in high-density triple quantum wells. We give an introduction into magnetotransport in trilayer systems and focus on photoresistance measurements. The power and frequency dependence of the observed magnetoresistance oscillations can be described by the inelastic mechanism of photoresistance, generalized to the three-subband case. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Weak antilocalization in HgTe quantum wells near a topological transition

The anomalous alternating magnetoresistivity in HgTe quantum wells with thicknesses of 5.8 and 8.3 nm, i.e., near the transition from the direct band spectrum to an inverted spectrum, has been revealed and analyzed. It has been shown that the revealed anomalous alternating magnetoresistivity in wells with an inverted spectrum is well described by the theory developed by S.V. Iordanskii et al. [JETP Lett. 60, 206 (1994)] and W. Knap et al. [Phys. Rev. B 53, 3912 (1996)]. A detailed comparison of the experimental data with the theory indicates the presence of only the cubic term in the spin splitting of the electronic spectrum. The applicability conditions of the mentioned theory are not satisfied in a well with a direct gap and, for this reason, such a certain conclusion is impossible. The results indicate the existence of a strong spin-orbit interaction in symmetric HgTe quantum wells near the topological transition.

Theoretical Analysis of Aggregation in Block-Copolymer Films: The Optical Signature

We focus this work on the theoretical investigation of the block-copolymer poly [oxyoctyleneoxy-(2,6-dimethoxy-1,4phenylene-1,2-ethinylene-phenanthrene-2,4diyl) named as LaPPS19, recently proposed for optoelectronic applications. We used for that a variety of methods, from molecular mechanics to quantum semiempirical techniques (AMI, ZINDO/S-CIS). Our results show that as expected isolated LaPPS19 chains present relevant electron localization over the phenanthrene group. We found, however, that LaPPS19 could assemble in a pi-stacked form, leading to impressive interchain interaction; the stacking induces electronic delocalization between neighbor chains and introduces new states below the phenanthrene-related absorption; these results allowed us to associate the red-shift of the absorption edge, seen in the experimental results, to spontaneous pi-stack aggregation of the chains. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 110: 885-892, 2010

Microwave induced magnetoresistance oscillations and inelastic scattering time in double quantum wells

The interference of microwave-induced resistance oscillations and magneto-intersubband oscillations in double quantum wells exposed to a continuous microwave irradiation is under study. By comparing experimental and theoretical magnetoresistance traces at different temperatures, we confirm that the inelastic mechanism of photoresistance explains our observations up to T similar or equal to 4 K. For higher temperatures, our results suggest a deviation of the inelastic scattering time tau(in) from the predicted T(-2) dependence. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Magneto-intersubband oscillations in triple quantum wells

We present magnetotransport studies of high-density triple quantum well samples with different barrier widths. Because of electron transitions between three occupied 2D subbands, the magneto-resistance shows magneto-intersubband oscillations whose periodicity is determined by the subband separation energies. Temperature-dependent measurements allow us to extract quantum lifetime of electrons. A theoretical consideration of the observed phenomenon is also presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Loops, Chains, Sheets, and Networks from Variable Coordination of Cu(hfac)(2) with a Flexibly Hinged Aminoxyl Radical Ligand

One pair of reactants, Cu(hfac)(2) = M and the hinge-flexible radical ligand 5-(3-N-tert-butyl-N-aminoxylphenyl)pyrimidine (3PPN = L), yields a diverse set of five coordination complexes: a cyclic loop M(2)L(1) dimer; a 1:1 cocrystal between an M(2)L(2) loop and an ML(2) fragment; a ID chain of M(2)L(2) loops linked by M; two 2D M(3)L(2) networks of (M-L)(n) chains crosslinked by M with different repeat length pitches; a 3D M(3)L(2) network of M(2)L(2) loops cross-linking (M-L)(n)-type chains with connectivity different from those in the 2D networks. Most of the higher dimensional complexes exhibit reversible, temperature-dependent spin-state conversion of high-temperature paramagnetic states to lower magnetic moment states having antiferromagnetic exchange within Cu-ON bonds upon cooling, with accompanying bond contraction. The 3D complex also exhibited antiferromagnetic exchange between Cu(II) ions linked in chains through pyrimidine rings.

QUANTUM HALL FERROMAGNET IN A DOUBLE WELL WITH VANISHING g-FACTOR.

We have studied the quantum Hall effect in Al(x)Ga(1-x)As-double well structure with vanishing g-factor. We determined the density-magnetic field n(s) - B diagrams for the longitudinal resistance R(xx). In spite of the fact that the n(s) - B diagram for conventional GaAs double wells shows a striking similarity with the theory, we observed the strong difference between these diagrams for double wells with vanishing g-factor. We argue that the electron-electron interaction is responsible for unusual behavior of the Landau levels in such a system.

MAGNETORESISTANCE OSCILLATIONS IN DOUBLE QUANTUM WELLS UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION

We report in detail oscillatory magnetoresistance in double quantum wells under microwave irradiation. The experimental investigation contains measurements of frequency, power and temperature dependence. In theory, the observed interference oscillations are explained in terms of the influence of subband coupling on the frequency-dependent photoinduced part of the electron distribution function. Thus, the magnetoresistance shows the interference of magneto-intersubband and conventional microwave induced resistance oscillations.