Ferramenta computacional para medição de deslocamentos em ensaios de carga através de técnicas de processamento de imagem

Dissertação de Mestrado para a obtenção de grau de Mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica Ramo de Automação e Eletrónica Industrial

Interoperabilidade, processamento e análise visual de dados geográficos

Esta dissertação apresenta uma arquitectura interoperável que permite lidar com a obtenção, manipulação, processamento e análise de informação geográfica. A aplicação 30, implementada como parte da arquitectura, para além de permitir a visualização e manipulação de dados dentro de um ambiente 30, oferece métodos que permitem descobrir, aceder e usar geo-processos, disponíveis através de serviços Web. A interacção com o utilizador é também feita através uma abordagem que quebra a típica complexidade que a maioria dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica apresenta. O recurso à programação visual reduz a complexidade do sistema, e permite aos operadores tirar proveito da localização e de uma abstracção de um processo complexo, onde as unidades de processamento são representadas no terreno através de componentes 30 que podem ser directamente manipuladas e ligadas de modo a criar encandeamentos complexos de processos. Estes processos podem também ser criados visualmente e disponibilizados online. ABSTRACT; This thesis presents an interoperable architecture mainly designed for manipulation, processing and geographical information analysis. The three-dimensional interface, implemented as part of the architecture, besides allowing the visualization and manipulation of spatial data within a 30 environment, offers methods for discovering, accessing and using geo-processes, available through Web Services. Furthermore, the user interaction is done through an approach that breaks the typical complexity of most Geographic information Systems. This simplicity is in general archived through a visual programming approach that allows operators to take advantage of location, and use processes through abstract representations. Thus, processing units are represented on the terrain through 30 components, which can be directly manipulated and linked to create complex process chains. New processes can also be visually created and deployed online.

A contribution to semantic description of images and videos: an application of soft biometrics

Humans have a high ability to extract visual data information acquired by sight. Trought a learning process, which starts at birth and continues throughout life, image interpretation becomes almost instinctively. At a glance, one can easily describe a scene with reasonable precision, naming its main components. Usually, this is done by extracting low-level features such as edges, shapes and textures, and associanting them to high level meanings. In this way, a semantic description of the scene is done. An example of this, is the human capacity to recognize and describe other people physical and behavioral characteristics, or biometrics. Soft-biometrics also represents inherent characteristics of human body and behaviour, but do not allow unique person identification. Computer vision area aims to develop methods capable of performing visual interpretation with performance similar to humans. This thesis aims to propose computer vison methods which allows high level information extraction from images in the form of soft biometrics. This problem is approached in two ways, unsupervised and supervised learning methods. The first seeks to group images via an automatic feature extraction learning , using both convolution techniques, evolutionary computing and clustering. In this approach employed images contains faces and people. Second approach employs convolutional neural networks, which have the ability to operate on raw images, learning both feature extraction and classification processes. Here, images are classified according to gender and clothes, divided into upper and lower parts of human body. First approach, when tested with different image datasets obtained an accuracy of approximately 80% for faces and non-faces and 70% for people and non-person. The second tested using images and videos, obtained an accuracy of about 70% for gender, 80% to the upper clothes and 90% to lower clothes. The results of these case studies, show that proposed methods are promising, allowing the realization of automatic high level information image annotation. This opens possibilities for development of applications in diverse areas such as content-based image and video search and automatica video survaillance, reducing human effort in the task of manual annotation and monitoring.

Adsorção de corantes têxteis aniônicos e catiônicos em resíduos do processamento de fios de algodão modificados quimicamente

The textile industry generates a large volume of high organic effluent loading whoseintense color arises from residual dyes. Due to the environmental implications caused by this category of contaminant there is a permanent search for methods to remove these compounds from industrial waste waters. The adsorption alternative is one of the most efficient ways for such a purpose of sequestering/remediation and the use of inexpensive materials such as agricultural residues (e.g., sugarcane bagasse) and cotton dust waste (CDW) from weaving in their natural or chemically modified forms. The inclusion of quaternary amino groups (DEAE+) and methylcarboxylic (CM-) in the CDW cellulosic structure generates an ion exchange capacity in these formerly inert matrix and, consequently, consolidates its ability for electrovalent adsorption of residual textile dyes. The obtained ionic matrices were evaluated for pHpcz, the retention efficiency for various textile dyes in different experimental conditions, such as initial concentration , temperature, contact time in order to determine the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of adsorption in batch, turning comprehensive how does occur the process, then understood from the respective isotherms. It was observed a change in the pHpcz for CM--CDW (6.07) and DEAE+-CDW (9.66) as compared to the native CDW (6.46), confirming changes in the total surface charge. The ionized matrices were effective for removing all evaluated pure or residual textile dyes under various tested experimental conditions. The kinetics of the adsorption process data had best fitted to the model a pseudosecond order and an intraparticle diffusion model suggested that the process takes place in more than one step. The time required for the system to reach equilibrium varied according to the initial concentration of dye, being faster in diluted solutions. The isotherm model of Langmuir was the best fit to the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity varied differently for each tested dye and it is closely related to the interaction adsorbent/adsorbate and dye chemical structure. Few dyes obtained a linear variation of the balance ka constant due to the inversion of temperature and might have influence form their thermodynamic behavior. Dyes that could be evaluated such as BR 18: 1 and AzL, showed features of an endothermic adsorption process (ΔH° positive) and the dye VmL presented exothermic process characteristics (ΔH° negative). ΔG° values suggested that adsorption occurred spontaneously, except for the BY 28 dye, and the values of ΔH° indicated that adsorption occurred by a chemisorption process. The reduction of 31 to 51% in the biodegradability of the matrix after the dye adsorption means that they must go through a cleaning process before being discarded or recycled, and the regeneration test indicates that matrices can be reused up to five times without loss of performance. The DEAE+-CDW matrix was efficient for the removal of color from a real textile effluent reaching an UV-Visible spectral area decrease of 93% when applied in a proportion of 15 g ion exchanger matrix L-1 of colored wastewater, even in the case of the parallel presence of 50 g L-1 of mordant salts in the waste water. The wide range of colored matter removal by the synthesized matrices varied from 40.27 to 98.65 mg g-1 of ionized matrix, obviously depending in each particular chemical structure of the dye upon adsorption.

Ambiente para aquisição e processamento de sinal eletromiográfico de superfície

In this work, a platform to the conditioning, digitizing, visualization and recording of the EMG signals was developed. After the acquisition, the analysis can be done by signal processing techniques. The platform consists of two modules witch acquire electromyography (EMG) signals by surface electrodes, limit the interest frequency band, filter the power grid interference and digitalize the signals by the analogue-to- digital converter of the modules microcontroller. Thereby, the data are sent to the computer by the USB interface by the HID specification, displayed in real-time in graphical form and stored in files. As processing resources was implemented the operations of signal absolute value, the determination of effective value (RMS), Fourier analysis, digital filter (IIR) and the adaptive filter. Platform initial tests were performed with signal of lower and upper limbs with the aim to compare the EMG signal laterality. The open platform is intended to educational activities and academic research, allowing the addition of other processing methods that the researcher want to evaluate or other required analysis.

Uma arquitetura de referência para o processamento distribuído de stream de dados em soluções analíticas de near real-time

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2015.

Eficacia del aceite de oliva en la prevención de úlceras por presión en pacientes inmovilizados en atención primaria. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, multicéntrico, paralelo, triple ciego, de no inferioridad

Las úlceras por presión representan un importante problema de salud pública y tienen un importante impacto económico en los sistemas de salud. La mayoría de los estudios para prevenir las úlceras por presión se han llevado a cabo en contextos hospitalarios, usando ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados (AGHO) y hasta la fecha, no se ha realizado ningún estudio específico con aceite de oliva virgen extra (AOVE) en el entorno domiciliario. Material y método Objetivo principal: evaluar si la utilización de AOVE no es inferior a los AGHO en la prevención de úlceras por presión (UPP) en pacientes inmovilizados en el entorno domiciliario. Diseño: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado multicéntrico, paralelo, a triple ciego, de no inferioridad. Ámbito: Población consultante de centros de salud andaluces. Muestra: 831 pacientes inmovilizados en riesgo de padecer UPP. Resultados El período de seguimiento fue de 16 semanas. En el análisis por protocolo, ninguna de las zonas evaluadas presentó diferencias de riesgo de incidencia de las úlceras por presión que superasen el valor delta establecido (10%). Sacro: AOVE 8 (2,55%) vs AGHO 8 (3,08%), RAR 0,53 (-2,2 a 3,26). Talón derecho: AOVE 4 (1,27%) vs AGHO 5 (1,92)%, RAR 0,65 (-1,43 a 2,73). Talón izquierdo: AOVE 3 (0,96%) vs AGHO 3 (1,15%), RAR 0.2 (-1,49 a 1,88). Trocánter Derecho: AOVE 0 (0%) vs AGHO 4 (1,54%), RAR 1,54 (0,04-3,03). Trocánter izquierdo: AOVE 1 (0,32%) vs AGHO 1 (0,38%), RAR 0.07 (-0,91 a 1,04). Discusión Este ensayo clínico pretendía evaluar si la prevención de las UPP usando una fórmula de AOVE no era inferior a la prevención de UPP con el uso AGHO, en el entorno domiciliario y con pacientes inmovilizados de alto riesgo. Los resultados han mostrado esta no inferioridad al no observarse diferencias que hayan superado el límite inferior del intervalo de confianza y convierte al aceite de oliva en un producto eficaz para la prevención de UPP en este tipo de pacientes. Se necesitan más estudios para investigar el mecanismo de acción del AOVE en la prevención de las UPP y relacionarlo con la etiopatogenia de éstas. Bibliografía 1. Gorecki C, Brown JM, Nelson EA, Briggs M, Schoonhoven L, Dealey C, et al. Impact of pressure ulcers on quality of life in older patients: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Jul;57(7):1175–83. 2. Yamamoto Y, Hayashino Y, Higashi T, Matsui M, Yamazaki S, Takegami M, et al. Keeping vulnerable elderly patients free from pressure ulcer is associated with high caregiver burden in informal caregivers. J Eval Clin Pract. 2010 Jun;16(3):585–9. 3. Hanson D, Langemo DK, Anderson J, Thompson P, Hunter S. Friction and shear considerations in pressure ulcer development. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2010 Jan;23(1):21–4. 4. Soldevilla Agreda JJ, Torra i Bou J-E, Verdú Soriano J, López Casanova P. 3.er Estudio Nacional de Prevalencia de Úlceras por Presión en España, 2009: Epidemiología y variables definitorias de las lesiones y pacientes. Gerokomos. 2011 Jun;22(2):77–90. 5. Kottner J, Lahmann N, Dassen T. [Pressure ulcer prevalence: comparison between nursing homes and hospitals]. Pflege Z. 2010 Apr;63(4):228–31. 6. Wilborn D, Halfens R, Dassen T, Tannen A. [Pressure ulcer prevalence in German nursing homes and hospitals: what role does the National Nursing Expert Standard Prevention of Pressure Ulcer play?]. Gesundheitswesen Bundesverb Ärzte Öffentl Gesundheitsdienstes Ger. 2010 Apr;72(4):240–5. 7. Tubaishat A, Anthony D, Saleh M. Pressure ulcers in Jordan: a point prevalence study. J Tissue Viability. 2011 Feb;20(1):14–9. 8. James J, Evans JA, Young T, Clark M. Pressure ulcer prevalence across Welsh orthopaedic units and community hospitals: surveys based on the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel minimum data set. Int Wound J. 2010 Jun;7(3):147–52. 9. Defloor T, Schoonhoven L, Katrien V, Weststrate J, Myny D. Reliability of the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel classification system. J Adv Nurs. 2006 Apr;54(2):189–98

Fundamentos de los computadores

Los fundamentos, conceptos y modos de operación de estas máquinas tan comunes hoy en día, son los que tratamos de introducir y desentrañar en este texto. O con otras palabras, este libro está orientado a aquellas personas que alguna vez se han preguntado "¿Cómo es posible que los transistores y puertas lógicas que hay dentro de mi ordenador me permitan editar un archivo o ejecutar un programa que he escrito en Modula o en C?", pregunta, que por otro lado, esperamos se hayan planteado todos nuestros alumnos de asignaturas de introducción a los computadores. Aunque no son del todo necesarios, suponemos que el lector tiene algunos conocimientos de electrónica digital y programación. Pues bien, en este libro precisamente queremos cubrir el desnivel semántico que existe en un sistema computador entre esas dos materias (electrónica digital y lenguajes de alto nivel), contemplando el control microprogramado y cableado, el lenguaje ensamblador y los sistemas operativos, según desglosamos a continuación por temas.

Valorização de produtos de montanha pela utilização de tecnologias de processamento não convencionais

Os vegetais embalados prontos a comer têm tido uma crescente aceitação por parte do consumidor por atenderem aos requisitos contemporâneos de conveniência, segurança e salubridade. O crescimento deste setor tem levado à introdução de novos produtos e à adoção de tecnologias de conservação mais eficientes, seguras e sustentáveis [1]. O consumidor procura também alimentos com características organoléticas diferenciadas das dos alimentos habitualmente consumidos diariamente. A recuperação do uso de Rumex induratus Boiss. & Reut. (azedas) e Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (agrião) poderá responder a esta procura, aliando garantia de qualidade e inovação. Visto a maioria dos tratamentos convencionais ser ineficaz em assegurar segurança sem comprometer a qualidade, e dada a preocupação em torno dos agentes químicos vulgarmente utilizados, a irradiação de alimentos e o embalamento em atmosfera modificada têm emergido como alternativas seguras e eficazes [1-4]. Neste sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de diferentes atmosferas de embalamento e de diferentes doses de radiação ionizante na conservação da qualidade destas espécies durante o armazenamento refrigerado. O uso sustentável de produtos vegetais para a recuperação de biomoléculas ou produção de ingredientes funcionais de valor acrescentado é uma estratégia útil que pode ajudar a enfrentar os desafios societais deste século. Atualmente é originada uma grande quantidade de resíduos de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fresco durante as várias etapas do seu ciclo produtivo, desde a cultura até ao armazenamento e venda [5]. Estes resíduos são ricos em licopeno e vitaminas, mas também em compostos fenólicos [6,7]. Estes compostos bioativos estão envolvidos na prevenção de várias patologias humanas e são de elevada importância para a indústria alimentar, farmacêutica e cosmética. Visto os métodos convencionais utilizados para a extração destas biomoléculas apresentarem várias desvantagens, novas tecnologias mais eficientes e sustentáveis têm vindo a ser adotadas. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo otimizar as condições de extração assistida por tecnologia micro-ondas de antioxidantes hidrofílicos e lipofílicos e dos ácidos fenólicos e flavonoides maioritários da variedade de tomate redondo utilizando a metodologia de superfície de resposta (RSM).

Processamento e análise de imagens na caracterização da superfície do titânio submetido a um ensaio de cultura de células

This work aims to develop a methodology for analysis of images using overlapping, which assists in identification of microstructural features in areas of titanium, which may be associated with its biological response. That way, surfaces of titanium heat treated for 08 (eight) different ways have been subjected to a test culture of cells. It was a relationship between the grain, texture and shape of grains of surface of titanium (attacked) trying to relate to the process of proliferation and adhesion. We used an open source software for cell counting adhered to the surface of titanium. The juxtaposition of images before and after cell culture was obtained with the aid of micro-hardness of impressions made on the surface of samples. From this image where there is overlap, it is possible to study a possible relationship between cell growth with microstructural characteristics of the surface of titanium. This methodology was efficient to describe a set of procedures that are useful in the analysis of surfaces of titanium subjected to a culture of cells

Estudo e desenvolvimento de um capacitor eletrolítico de nióbio

It seeks to find an alternative to the current tantalum electrolytic capacitors in the market due to its high cost. Niobium is a potential substitute, since both belong to the same group of the periodic table and because of this have many similar physical and chemical properties. Niobium has several technologically important applications, and Brazil has the largest reserves, around 96%. There are including niobium in reserves of tantalite and columbite in Rio Grande do Norte. These electrolytic capacitors have high capacitance specifies, ie they can store high energy in small volumes compared to other types of capacitors. This is the main attraction of this type of capacitor because is growing demand in the production of capacitors with capacitance specifies increasingly high, this because of the miniaturization of various devices such as GPS devices, televisions, computers, phones and many others. The production route of the capacitor was made by powder metallurgy. The initial niobium powder supplied by EEL-USP was first characterized by XRD, SEM, XRF and laser particle size, to then be sieved into three particle size, 200, 400 e 635mesh. The powders were then compacted and sintered at 1350, 1450 and 1550°C using two sintering time 30 and 60min. Sintering is one of the most important parts of the process as it affects properties as porosity and surface cleaning of the samples, which greatly affected the quality of the capacitor. The sintered samples then underwent a process of anodic oxidation, which created a thin film of niobium pentóxido over the whole porous surface of the sample, this film is the dielectric capacitor. The oxidation process variables influence the performance of the film and therefore the capacitor. The samples were characterized by electrical measurements of capacitance, loss factor, ESR, relative density, porosity and surface area. After the characterizations was made an annealing in air ate 260ºC for 60min. After this treatment were made again the electrical measurements. The particle size of powders and sintering affected the porosity and in turn the specific area of the samples. The larger de area of the capacitor, greater is the capacitance. The powder showed the highest capacitance was with the smallest particle size. Higher temperatures and times of sintering caused samples with smaller surface area, but on the other hand the cleaning surface impurities was higher for this cases. So a balance must be made between the gain that is achieved with the cleaning of impurities and the loss with the decreased in specific area. The best results were obtained for the temperature of 1450ºC/60min. The influence of annealing on the loss factor and ESR did not follow a well-defined pattern, because their values increased in some cases and decreased in others. The most interesting results due to heat treatment were with respect to capacitance, which showed an increase for all samples after treatment

Temas ambientais para análise prospectiva dos setores de produção e processamento de madeira para energia.

No setor agroindustrial florestal já existe uma mobilização para atender alguns critérios de certificação socioambiental, mas esta não é a realidade vigente na cadeia da madeira para energia. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho se propõe a levantar, de forma preliminar, alguns temas ambientais para análises prospectivas dos setores de produção e processamento de madeira para energia, na região Sudeste do Brasil. Os temas de interesse foram selecionados com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando bases de dados disponíveis, tanto em termos científicos como estatísticos. Procurou-se atender a grandes questionamentos, levantados atualmente, para a expansão da agroenergia no mundo, que envolvem o possível desmatamento, a competição com alimentos e as mudanças climáticas. Seguindo outros estudos de biomassa para energia foram previamente selecionados quatro grandes temas que abrangem: Uso da terra; Recursos Naturais; Geração e uso de resíduos; Energia. Cabe considerar que a seleção é preliminar e será validada em etapa posterior, que envolverá a consulta a especialistas na cadeia produtiva da madeira para energia. Entretanto, como consideração final fica a idéia de que o agronegócio, de forma geral não poderá mais ser analisado apenas quanto aos aspectos econômicos, sendo a sua competitividade fortemente ligada aos aspectos sociais e ambientais.