Instrução verbal: solicitar foco de atenção não garante sua adoção e melhor desempenho

The purposes of this study were to investigate a) the effect of redundant and non-redundant instruction on external focus of attention adoption, b) the effect of adopting an external focus of attention on performance in a front crawl swimming task, and c) the effect of redundancy in the wording of a verbal instruction on the above variables. 43 college students (m/f) aged 17 to 46 swam 25 m crawl at maximum speed, once under each of three conditions: without focus instruction (SF), following a focus instruction (CF) and a redundant focus instruction (CFR), in counterbalanced order. For focus adoption control, after completing the task participants were asked about what they had focused on while swimming. As a measure of performance, time and number of strokes were taken and the stroke index was calculated. The results showed that under redundant focus instruction (CFR) condition, 42 % failed to adopt the attentional focus as asked, and following focus (CF) instruction, 23 %. Under CF condition, the frequency of participants that adopted the focus was higher than of those who did not. Performance did not differ significantly among the three conditions (p>0,05). These findings stress the need of manipulation checks in attentional focus research, regarding both performance and motor learning efficiency, as well as the need for further investigation into the relation between instruction extension and performance.

Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in a community sample

Background: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is used worldwide for detecting depressive symptoms. This questionnaire has been revised (1996) to match the DSM-IV criteria for a major depressive episode. We assessed the reliability and the validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the BDI-II for non-clinical adults. Methods: The questionnaire was applied to 60 college students on two occasions. Afterwards, 182 community-dwelling adults completed the BDI-II, the Self-Report Questionnaire, and the K10 Scale. Trained psychiatrists performed face-to-face interviews with the respondents using the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I), the Montgomery-angstrom sberg Depression Scale, and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Descriptive analysis, signal detection analysis (Receiver Operating Characteristics), correlation analysis, and discriminant function analysis were performed to investigate the psychometric properties of the BDI-II. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient of the BDI-II was 0.89, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of internal consistency was 0.93. Taking the SCID as the gold standard, the cut-off point of 10/11 was the best threshold for detecting depression, yielding a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 87%. The concurrent validity (a correlation of 0.63-0.93 with scales applied simultaneously) and the predictive ability of the severity level (over 65% correct classification) were acceptable. Conclusion: The BDI-II is reliable and valid for measuring depressive symptomatology among Portuguese-speaking Brazilian non-clinical populations.

Chronic Pain and Depression in the Quality of Life of Women With Migraine - A Controlled Study

Background. Migraine is comorbid to depression and widespread chronic pain (WCP), but the influence of these conditions on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with episodic (EM) and chronic migraine (CM) is poorly understood. Objective.-To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and WCP in individuals with EM and CM, as well as to estimate the joint impact of these conditions on the HRQoL of these individuals. Methods.-All women aged 18 to 65 years with a first diagnosis of EM or CM from September of 2006 to September of 2008 seen in an outpatient headache service were invited to participate. They were asked to attend a separate appointment in the service, and to bring another woman of similar age that also agreed to participate. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. Questions about WCP followed the protocol of the American College of Rheumatology. HRQoL was assessed using the Short-Form 36 (SF-36). Multivariate analysis modeled HRQoL as a function of headache status, depressive symptoms, and pain, using quantile regression. Results.-Sample consisted of 179 women, 53 in the EM group, 37 in the CM group and 89 in control group. Groups did not differ by demographics. Mean scores of SF-36 were 53.6 (standard deviation [SD] = 23.5) for EM, 44.2 (SD = 18.5) for CM and 61.8 (SD = 21.5) for controls. In multivariate analysis, SF-36 scores were predicted by a CM status (P =.02; -10.05 [95% CI -18.52; -1.58]) and by a Beck Depression Inventory score (P <.01; -1.27 [95% CI -1.55; -0.99]). The influence of WCP in the SF-36 scores approached significance (P =.08; -0.78 [95% CI -1.64; 0.88]). Age did not contribute to the model. Conclusion.-Women with migraine are at an increased chance of WCP, and the chance increases as a function of headache frequency. Both depressive symptoms and CM independently predict HRQoL status.

Persistent Periodontal Disease Hampers Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Treatment Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate prospectively the influence and the evolution of periodontal disease (PD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients submitted to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. Methods: Eighteen patients with RA (according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria) were assessed for PD before (BL) and after 6 months (6M) of anti-TNF treatment: 15 infliximab, 2 adalimumab, and 1 etanercept. Periodontal assessment included plaque and gingival bleeding indices, probing pocket depth, cementoenamel junction, and clinical attachment level. Rheumatologic evaluation was performed blinded to the dentist's assessment: demographic data, clinical manifestations, and disease activity (Disease Activity Score using 28 joints [DAS28], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], and C-reactive protein [CRP]). Results: The median age and disease duration of patients with RA were 50 years (25-71 y) and 94% were female. Periodontal disease was diagnosed in 8 patients (44.4%). Comparing BL to 6M, periodontal parameters in the entire group remained stable (P > 0.05) throughout the study (plaque and gingival bleeding indices, probing pocket depth, cementoenamel junction, and clinical attachment level), whereas an improvement in most analyzed RA parameters was observed in the same period: DAS28 (5.5 vs. 3.9, P = 0.02), ESR (21 vs. 12.5 mm/first hour, P = 0.07), and CRP (7.8 vs. 2.8 mg/dL, P = 0.25). Further analysis revealed that this improvement was restricted to the group of patients without PD (DAS28 [5.5 vs. 3.6, P = 0.04], ESR [23.0 vs. 11.5 mm/first hour, P = 0.008], and CRP [7.4 vs. 2.1, P = 0.01]). In contrast, patients with PD had lack of response, with no significant differences in disease activity parameters between BL and 6M: DAS28 (5.2 vs. 4.4, P = 0.11), ESR (17.0 vs. 21.0, P = 0.56), and CRP (9.0 vs. 8.8, P = 0.55). Conclusions: This study supports the notion that PD may affect TNF blocker efficacy in patients with RA. The possibility that a sustained gingival inflammatory state may hamper treatment response in this disease has high clinical interest because this is a treatable condition.

Coping Style and Depressive Symptomatology during Pregnancy in a Private Setting Sample

Aim: to evaluate the association of antenatal depressive symptomatology (AD) with life events and coping styles, the hypothesis was that certain coping strategies are associated to depressive symptomatology. Methods: we performed a cross sectional study of 312 women attending a private clinic in the city of Osasco, Sao Paulo from 27/05/1998 to 13/05/2002. The following instruments were used: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Holmes and Rahe Schedule of Recent Events (SSRS), Folkman and Lazarus Ways of Coping Questionnaire and questionnaire with social-demographic and obstetric data. Inclusion criteria: women with 110 past history of depression, psychiatric treatment, alcohol or drug abuse and no clinical-obstetrical complications. Odds ratios and 95% CI were used to examine the association between AD (according to BDI) and exposures variables. Hypothesis testing was done with chi(2) tests and a p value < .05. Results: AD occurred in 21.1% of pregnant women. By the univariate analyses, education, number of pregnancies, previous abortion, husband income, situation of marriage and score of SSRS were associated with AD. All coping styles were associated with AD, except seeking support and positive reappraisal. By the multivariate analyses, four coping styles were kept in the final model: confront (p = .039), accepting responsibility (p < .001), escape-avoidance (p = .002), problem-solving (p = .005). Conclusions: AD was highly prevalent and was associated with maladaptive coping styles.

Developing a provisional definition of flare in patients with established gout

Objective Various nonvalidated criteria for disease flare have been used in studies of gout. Our objective was to develop empirical definitions for a gout flare from patient-reported features. Methods Possible elements for flare criteria were previously reported. Data were collected from 210 gout patients at 8 international sites to evaluate potential gout flare criteria against the gold standard of an expert rheumatologist definition. Flare definitions based on the presence of the number of criteria independently associated with the flare and classification and regression tree approaches were developed. Results The mean +/- SD age of the study participants was 56.2 +/- 15 years, 207 of them (98%) were men, and 54 of them (26%) had flares of gout. The presence of any patient-reported warm joint, any patient-reported swollen joint, patient-reported pain at rest score of >3 (010 scale), and patient-reported flare were independently associated with the study gold standard. The greatest discriminating power was noted for the presence of 3 or more of the above 4 criteria (sensitivity 91% and specificity 82%). Requiring all 4 criteria provided the highest specificity (96%) and positive predictive value (85%). A classification tree identified pain at rest with a score of >3, followed by patient self-reported flare, as the rule associated with the gold standard (sensitivity 83% and specificity 90%). Conclusion We propose definitions for a disease flare based on self-reported items in patients previously diagnosed as having gout. Patient-reported flare, joint pain at rest, warm joints, and swollen joints were most strongly associated with presence of a gout flare. These provisional definitions will next be validated in clinical trials.

Insatisfação corporal em universitários de diferentes áreas de conhecimento

OBJETIVOS: Verificar a prevalência de insatisfação corporal em universitários de diferentes áreas de conhecimento, bem como a relação com sexo e com estado nutricional. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por universitários da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) de diferentes áreas de conhecimento. O Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) e a Escala de Silhuetas para adultos avaliaram a insatisfação corporal. Massa corporal e estatura autorreferidas foram utilizadas para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC). Para as análises estatísticas, foram realizados testes de associação, comparação e regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Dos 535 estudantes, com média de idade de 20,82 ± 3,03 anos, 245 eram do sexo masculino. A média do BSQ foi de 68,00 ± 28,74, sendo 88,9% livres de insatisfação. Porém, pela escala de silhuetas, 76,6% foram considerados insatisfeitos. Os estudantes da área de saúde e humanas foram, sem significância, mais insatisfeitos que alunos de exatas. As mulheres em relação aos homens (p < 0,05) e aqueles com sobrepeso/obesidade (OR: 3,174; p = 0,000) tiveram a maior frequência na classificação de insatisfação corporal. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos jovens mostrou-se livre de insatisfação corporal, não havendo relação com a área de estudo, porém as universitárias com IMC mais elevado apresentaram-se mais insatisfeitas com sua imagem corporal.

Bem-estar subjetivo: autoavaliação em estudantes universitários

O bem-estar subjetivo surgiu como um interessante tema da Psicologia Positiva e tem recebido cada vez mais atenção de pesquisadores da área. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal verificar a eficácia de três instrumentos de autoavaliação do bem-estar subjetivo, a partir de uma população de estudantes universitários da cidade de Ribeirão Preto. Foi realizada a análise estatística descritiva e a análise de componentes principais para os resultados apresentados no Questionário de Felicidade Oxford e na Escala de Felicidade Subjetiva. O Item de Felicidade Global foi analisado apenas por intermédio da estatística descritiva, pois apresentava uma única questão. Partindo do fato de que pesquisas realizadas indicam uma diferença pouco significativa entre autoavaliações realizadas por homens e por mulheres, este estudo traz resultados que confirmam essa constatação quanto às medianas apresentadas em todos os instrumentos, porém aponta diferenças significativas em relação à estrutura dos instrumentos de homens e mulheres para o Questionário de Felicidade Oxford.

Comportamento socioambiental do consumidor: um estudo com universitários do interior paulista

A Responsabilidade Social Corporativa vem se consolidando cada vez mais, dentro de um cenário de mercado muito competitivo e de consumidores mais exigentes e seletivos. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar se as ações de responsabilidade socioambiental influenciam no processo de decisão de compra dos consumidores. Para tanto, foram aplicados 100 questionários a alunos de um curso de administração de uma universidade no Estado de São Paulo, sendo que, 68 questionários foram validados e analisados, aplicando-se a estatística descritiva. Os resultados demonstraram que: i) as ações socioambientais não afetam o processo de compra desses consumidores; ii) que as empresas devem informar aos seus públicos em quais ações sociais e ambientais estão envolvidas e quais são os impactos positivos que suas ações têm gerado à biodiversidade e à sociedade.

Hypersensitivity reactions to non beta-lactam antimicrobial agents, a statement of the WAO special committee on drug allergy

Antibiotics are used extensively in the treatment of various infections. Consequently, they can be considered among the most important agents involved in adverse reactions to drugs, including both allergic and non-allergic drug hypersensitivity [J Allergy Clin Immunol 113:832–836, 2004]. Most studies published to date deal mainly with reactions to the beta-lactam group, and information on hypersensitivity to each of the other antimicrobial agents is scarce. The present document has been produced by the Special Committee on Drug Allergy of the World Allergy Organization to present the most relevant information on the incidence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, possible mechanisms, and management of hypersensitivity reactions to non beta-lactam antimicrobials for use by practitioners worldwide.

Competência informacional e midiática no ensino superior: Desafios e propostas para o Brasil

A presença das tecnologias e das mídias é hoje tão importante, que é impossível ignorá-la. Os calouros e estudantes universitários de hoje têm telefones celulares com fotos digitais e ídeos. Eles usam blogs, twitter e sites de redes sociais. Ao mesmo tempo, leem livros e artigos, e fazem seus projetos e a lição de casa. Continuamente, diferentes tecnologias e novas informações estão impactando o ensino superior. Isto exige uma rápida atualização da competência informacional e midiática pelos alunos. Apesar do impacto progressivo da tecnologia digital na cultura acadêmica contemporânea, é imperativo resgatar e consolidar um compromisso mais crítico com a informação, mídia e tecnologia. Nós defendemos a convergência da literacia da informação e da literacia dos media no ensino superior. O Projeto CIMES (Competência em Informação e Mídia no Ensino Superior) está em estágio inicial. O presente artigo tem como objetivo revisar as questões teóricas, políticas e práticas sobre a educação para a competência em informação e mídia no ensino superior, especialmente no Brasil. O objetivo final do Projeto CIMES é fornecer uma estrutura para desenvolver programas educacionais no Brasil que tenham a competência em informação e a competência midiática como uma aplicação transversal no ensino superior. O atual estágio do projeto permite apenas traçar um quadro geral analítico

Multiple trichoblastomas in a dog

Background – Hair follicle tumours generally present as benign, solitary masses and have a good prognosis following surgical resection. Hypothesis/Objectives – This report describes a case of multiple trichoblastomas in a dog. Animal – A 2-year-old crossbred dog presented with multiple soft cutaneous periocular, perilabial, submandibular and nasal nodules, between 2 and 9 cm in diameter, located on the right side of the face. New nodules were observed on the same side of the face at a second consultation 3 weeks later. Methods – Surgical resection of all nodules was performed in two procedures. Three nodules were initially resected and submitted for histolopathology and immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis was trichoblastoma for all three. At the time of the second consultation, new and remaining nodules were biopsied and the diagnosis of trichoblastoma confirmed. The dog was treated with doxorubicin and piroxicam for 30 days prior to the second surgical procedure in an attempt to reduce new tumour growth and the size of present tumours. All nodules were resected and the defects closed using rotation flaps. Results – No recurrence of the neoplasm was noted within 10 months after surgery. Conclusions and clinical importance – Trichoblastomas are generally benign but can present as multiple neoplasms that may require surgical resection and may respond to chemotherapy. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of multiple trichoblastomas in a dog.

Relación entre actitudes hacia la actividad física y el deporte y rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios españoles y portugueses

[ES] El presente estudio trata de analizar la existencia de relaciones entre las actitudes hacia la actividad físico-deportiva y el rendimiento académico universitario desde una perspectiva transcultural. Este estudio se ha basado en dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios españoles y portugueses matriculados en estudios de Turismo.

Tumori primitivi multipli del polmone. Profilo clinico e biologico in pazienti affetti da neoplasie polmonari multiple. Analisi di elementi clinici e marcatori biologici come possibili fattori di differenziazione dei tumori polmonari multipli

Background: MPLC represents a diagnostic challenge. Topic of the discussion is how to distinguish these patients as a metastatic or a multifocal disease. While in case of the different histology there are less doubt on the opposite in case of same histology is mandatory to investigate on other clinical features to rule out this question. Matherials and Methods: A retrospective review identified all patients treated surgically for a presumed diagnosis of SPLC. Pre-operative staging was obtained with Total CT scan and fluoro-deoxy positron emission tomography and mediastinoscopy. Patients with nodes interest or extra-thoracic location were excluded from this study. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression with complete immunohistochemical analisis was evaluated. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meyer method, and clinical features were estimated using a long-rank test or Cox proportional hazards model for categorical and continuous variable, respectively. Results: According to American College Chest Physician, 18 patients underwent to surgical resection for a diagnosis of MPLC. Of these, 8 patients had 3 or more nodules while 10 patients had less than 3 nodules. Pathologic examination demonstrated that 13/18(70%) of patients with multiple histological types was Adenocarcinoma, 2/18(10%) Squamous carcinoma, 2/18(10%) large cell carcinoma and 1/18(5%) Adenosquamosu carcinoma. Expression of EGFR has been evaluated in all nodules: in 7 patients of 18 (38%) the percentage of expression of each nodule resulted different. Conclusions: MPLC represent a multifocal disease where interactions of clinical informations with biological studies reinforce the diagnosis. EGFR could contribute to differentiate the nodules. However, further researches are necessary to validate this hypothesis.

Le rappresentazioni sociali della musica degli insegnanti di scuola dell'infanzia. Documenti orientativi e indagini empiriche a confronto tra Italia e Venezuela

Questo lavoro si occupa di studiare l’effetto delle rappresentazioni sociali della musica degli studenti universitari che diventeranno insegnanti di scuola dell’infanzia e in particolare i cambiamenti che intervengono durante il periodo di formazione universitaria sia italiana sia venezuelana. Obiettivo fondamentale è quindi realizzare un’analisi comparativa sulle seguenti tematiche: bambino musicale, competenze dell’insegnante e finalità dell’educazione musicale. Questo lavoro si è inserito all’interno del progetto “Il sapere musicale come rappresentazione sociale” (Addessi-Carugati 2010). L’ipotesi guida è che le concezioni implicite della musica funzionino come rappresentazioni sociali che influenzano le pratiche dell’insegnamento e dell’educazione musicale. Il primo capitolo, affronta i temi dei bambini, degli insegnanti e dell’educazione musicale nella scuola dell’infanzia in Italia e Venezuela. Nel secondo vengono presentati gli studi sui saperi musicali; la teoria delle rappresentazioni sociali (Moscovici 1981) e il progetto pilota realizzato presso l’Università di Bologna “Il sapere musicale come Rappresentazione Sociale”. Il capitolo successivo presenta l'analisi e l'interpretazione dell’indagine empirica effettuata su un gruppo di studenti dei corsi di formazione per insegnanti dell’Università di Mérida (Venezuela). Nel quarto capitolo si sviluppano riflessioni e discussioni riguardo i risultati dello studio comparativo; i piani e programmi di studio universitari e il profilo professionale musicale dell’insegnante. Le conclusioni finali illustrano come l’ipotesi iniziale sia effettivamente confermata: dall’analisi e interpretazione dei dati sembra che le concezioni implicite sui saperi musicali possedute dagli studenti influiscano sulla loro pratica professionale in qualità di futuri insegnanti. Si è anche osservato che le differenze incontrate sembrano essere dovute ai diversi tipi di variabili del contesto dove si trova l’insegnante di educazione musicale; e soprattutto ai significati espressi dai programmi di studi, dai contenuti didattici diversi, dai contesti sociali e culturali e dal curriculum universitario.