Associations among Nosema spp. fungi, Varroa destructor mites, and chemical treatments in honey bees, Apis mellifera

Nosema spp. and Varroa destructor are common parasites of honey bee colonies. Beekeepers routinely treat colonies with the fungicide fumagillin to control Nosema and an array of miticides to control V. destructor. Interactions between these parasites and chemical treatments are poorly understood. We allocated honey bee colonies to distinct chemical treatment regimes and monitored parasite intensities in the subsequent year. Infections of Nosema and infestations of V. destructor were positively correlated. Fumagillin was effective at mitigating Nosema intensities only over the short term, suggesting that biannual application is essential. V. destructor intensities were higher in colonies that had been previously treated with miticides, reasons for this warrant further investigation.

West side of old medical building and chemistry building

Looking east across Diag [Diagonal] to West Medical (later Natural Resources)

Medical faculty and students, 1865

Standing in front of the class (from left) are Abram Sager, Alonzo Palmer, Corydon Ford, Moses Gunn, and Silas Douglas (source: Not Just Any Medical School by Horace W. Davenport). On verso: March 1865. Dr. J. Ballard, then at 20 ... Gift of Dr. Elmer Belt, Los Angeles, Calif.

Development and experimental evaluation of a steel tube vehicle impact attenuation system. Final report.

Connecticut Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Research, Wethersfield

Tools for compliance for the medical device and in vitrol diagnostic product industries.

Mode of access: Internet.

Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners appointed to inquire into the state, discipline, studies, and revenues of the University of Dublin, and of Trinity College : together with appendices, containing evidence, suggestions, and correspondence. /

Title is preceded on title page by: Dublin University Commission.

Compulsory medical care and the welfare state; an analysis based on a special study of governmentalized medical care systems on the continent of Europe and in England.

"References by chapters": p. 147-152.

Compulsory medical care and the welfare state, an analysis based on a special study of governmentalized medical care systems on the continent of Europe and in England.

"References by chapters": p. 147-152.

Community service restitution programs for alcohol related traffic offenders. Volume II - case studies and resource materials.

Mode of access: Internet.

Graduate medical education and public policy : a primer.

"December 2000."

Usual sources of medical care and their characteristics /

"September 1991"--P. [4] of cover.

A review of the medical benefits and contraindications to breastfeeding in the United States /

"October 1997."

Case studies and annotated bibliography of truck accident countermeasures on urban freeways. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety and Traffic Operations Research and Development, McLean, Va.

The violinist's daily companion : one hundred and twenty-five exercises, studies and extracts for the violin /

"From the works of such representative authorities as Bach, Campagnoli, Corelli, Fiorillo, Kreutzer, Mayseder, Mozart, Rode , ROvelli, Spohr, Viotti, Baillot, Beethoven, Benda, Bohrer, Bruni, Ries, Alard, Beriot, Casorti, Dont, Ernst, Kayser, Leonard, Mazas, Paganini, Schradieck, Sevčik, Hermann, etc."-- Cover.