Interacción de la óptica geométrica con el ojo y sus defectos refractivos

Tesis (Optometra). -- Universidad de La Salle, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud. Programa de Optometria, 2014

Revista mensual sobre hechos y patrones ambientales de interacción

Introducción Ambien-tico es una revista mensual de 16 páginas (tamaño carta), nacida en 1992, que en julio de 1998 sacó a la luz la edición n° 62. Nació en el seno de un proyecto de investigación (explotación ecosistémica y coyuntura ambiental en Costa Rica) planteado y ejecutado por profesionales de diversas unidades académicas de la Universidad Nacional  (su “sede” era la Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales). El objeto de estudio de ese proyecto era los modos (pluridimensionales) de relación entre la sociedad tica y la naturaleza del país en la “coyuntura” histórica. AMBIEN-TICO, cuyas primeras siete ediciones fueron trimestrales, cumplía la función de divulgar los resultados de la investigación.

Interacción entre quinasas y moléculas apoptóticas en la muerte oligodendroglial excitotóxica

201 p.

MULTIMODAL PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY NORTH SITE

The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory North site employs a large array of surface detector stations (tanks) to detect the secondary particle showers generated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Due to the rare nature of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, it is important to have a high reliability on tank communications, ensuring no valuable data is lost. The Auger North site employs a peer-to-peer paradigm, the Wireless Architecture for Hard Real-Time Embedded Networks (WAHREN), designed specifically for highly reliable message delivery over fixed networks, under hard real-time deadlines. The WAHREN design included two retransmission protocols, Micro- and Macro- retransmission. To fully understand how each retransmission protocol increased the reliability of communications, this analysis evaluated the system without using either retransmission protocol (Case-0), both Micro- and Macro-retransmission individually (Micro and Macro), and Micro- and Macro-retransmission combined. This thesis used a multimodal modeling methodology to prove that a performance and reliability analysis of WAHREN was possible, and provided the results of the analysis. A multimodal approach was necessary because these processes were driven by different mathematical models. The results from this analysis can be used as a framework for making design decisions for the Auger North communication system.

A PHENOMENOLOGY OF MIMETIC LEARNING AND MULTIMODAL COGNITION: INTEGRATING EXPERIENTIAL KNOWLEDGE INTO PROGRAMS IN RHETORIC, COMPOSITION, AND TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION

My dissertation emphasizes a cognitive account of multimodality that explicitly integrates experiential knowledge work into the rhetorical pedagogy that informs so many composition and technical communication programs. In these disciplines, multimodality is widely conceived in terms of what Gunther Kress calls “socialsemiotic” modes of communication shaped primarily by culture. In the cognitive and neurolinguistic theories of Vittorio Gallese and George Lakoff, however, multimodality is described as a key characteristic of our bodies’ sensory-motor systems which link perception to action and action to meaning, grounding all communicative acts in knowledge shaped through body-engaged experience. I argue that this “situated” account of cognition – which closely approximates Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of perception, a major framework for my study – has pedagogical precedence in the mimetic pedagogy that informed ancient Sophistic rhetorical training, and I reveal that training’s multimodal dimensions through a phenomenological exegesis of the concept mimesis. Plato’s denigration of the mimetic tradition and his elevation of conceptual contemplation through reason, out of which developed the classic Cartesian separation of mind from body, resulted in a general degradation of experiential knowledge in Western education. But with the recent introduction into college classrooms of digital technologies and multimedia communication tools, renewed emphasis is being placed on the “hands-on” nature of inventive and productive praxis, necessitating a revision of methods of instruction and assessment that have traditionally privileged the acquisition of conceptual over experiential knowledge. The model of multimodality I construct from Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, ancient Sophistic rhetorical pedagogy, and current neuroscientific accounts of situated cognition insists on recognizing the significant role knowledges we acquire experientially play in our reading and writing, speaking and listening, discerning and designing practices.

Técnicas de subjetivación e interacción virtual en el tiempo real. ¿Tienen algo en común Michel Foucault y los "chats"?

Frente a la utilización del panoptismo y sus consiguientes efectos de poder, cabe rescatar la noción foucaultiana del “cuidado de sí” para considerar la práctica de las interacciones virtuales en tiempo real (por ejemplo los chats) como una determinada técnica de subjetivación en la constitución del sí mismo (self) que hunde sus raíces en la filosofía griega y cristiana. Los elementos que se consideran en esta indagación son cuatro: la sustancia interna de la identidad personal, el grado y tipo de comportamiento, el ritual y la habituación que se adoptan para reformular la propia identidad, los reanclajes de la identidad personal y el objetivo final de la transformación personal que se lleva a cabo.

Imagen e interacción narrativa en los nuevos medios: Los videojuegos narrativos y Heavy Rain

Este artículo analiza cómo los llamados “videojuegos “narrativos” intentan, basándose en la lectura y el cine, aproximar llevar más allá la experiencia del jugador, utilizando como texto de análisis Heavy Rain (Quantic Dream, 2010). Se analizará como estos videojuegos combinan lo narrativo y lo visual en torno a dos ejes fundamentales: por un lado, su identificación (visual y argumental) con géneros de estética muy marcada, como literatura de detectives o cine negro; por otro, por el carácter interactivo de la narración, es decir, la participación activa del jugador y su capacidad para influir sobre la historia narrada, más allá el papel tradicionalmente pasivo reservado al lector o espectador. Esta interactividad está anclada en lo sensorial, más específicamente en lo visual, y es, seguramente, la característica que añade un aspecto más innovador a este nuevo medio, y lo que convierte a estos videojuegos en ejemplos privilegiados de hasta dónde pueden unirse lo narrativo y lo visual.

Interacción y diálogo en el primer ciclo de educación infantil. Procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje a través de la lectura dialógica de cuentos: un estudio de caso en la escuela infantil "Tesoros"

La presente investigación doctoral es una aportación a la práctica educativa en el Primer Ciclo de Educación Infantil. Es un estudio de caso que analiza las interacciones y diálogos de los niños, las niñas y los adultos, en la práctica de lectura dialógica de cuentos, en los distintos niveles de la Escuela Infantil “Tesoros” de Arganda del Rey, Madrid. Es una investigación en la Escuela Infantil con niños y niñas de 0 a 3 años, en la que participan los educadores y educadoras reflexionando en su práctica docente para cuestionarla y mejorarla, investigando también las familias y los voluntarios del entorno social de la escuela, analizando la participación de los niños y las niñas, cuando comparten la lectura de cuentos con el apoyo del adulto. SÍNTESIS. La investigación se dirige a la etapa educativa de la Escuela Infantil 0-3 años, ante la preocupación internacional en la educación en edades tempranas, para garantizar el desarrollo integral y armonioso de los niños y las niñas de estas edades, especialmente en la población de bajos ingresos y contextos culturales desfavorecidos. La educación en los primeros años de vida adquiere un marcado carácter preventivo y compensador, siendo necesaria la intervención temprana, tanto por ser una etapa de grandes logros en el desarrollo infantil, a nivel motriz, cognitivo, y social, que es necesario apoyar, tanto a las familias como a los centros educativos; como por ser una etapa en el que es determinante asegurar un entorno social de cuidado y protección. Actualmente se vive una inquietud pedagógica en las Escuelas 0-3 años, preocupadas por la mejora de la calidad de las enseñanzas y los aprendizajes de los niños y niñas, que les impulsa a desarrollar propuestas innovadoras como la de Emy Pikler, Reggio Emilia y el proyecto de Comunidades de Aprendizaje...

Effects of modality, urgency and situation on responses to multimodal warnings for drivers

Signifying road-related events with warnings can be highly beneficial, especially when imminent attention is needed. This thesis describes how modality, urgency and situation can influence driver responses to multimodal displays used as warnings. These displays utilise all combinations of audio, visual and tactile modalities, reflecting different urgency levels. In this way, a new rich set of cues is designed, conveying information multimodally, to enhance reactions during driving, which is a highly visual task. The importance of the signified events to driving is reflected in the warnings, and safety-critical or non-critical situations are communicated through the cues. Novel warning designs are considered, using both abstract displays, with no semantic association to the signified event, and language-based ones, using speech. These two cue designs are compared, to discover their strengths and weaknesses as car alerts. The situations in which the new cues are delivered are varied, by simulating both critical and non-critical events and both manual and autonomous car scenarios. A novel set of guidelines for using multimodal driver displays is finally provided, considering the modalities utilised, the urgency signified, and the situation simulated.

La literatura juvenil publicada en Portugal: de las grandes tiradas comerciales a la interacción en la Web 2.0

Este artículo explica los cambios que Internet ha introducido en la lectura de textos juveniles y en la promoción de estos a partir de epitextos públicos virtuales u onlines como los blogs, los foros de lectura y los Booktrailers. Estas nuevas formas de lectura suponen un nuevo tipo de interacción entre el autor del texto y el lector, quienes comparten informaciones en espacios digitales de lectura sobre el contenido e interpretación de la obra literaria. Un ejemplo concreto de este nuevo tipo de interacción lectora es la obra literaria, publicada en Portugal, A revolta dos sátiros (2014), de Ana Soares y Bárbara Wong. A partir de un password, el lector de este texto juvenil puede acceder a un espacio virtual en el que conocerá la continuación de esta, accederá a informaciones muy diversas sobre el texto literario y podrá interaccionar con el autor y los lectores de este texto juvenil.

Efeitos de um programa de exercício multimodal em pessoas idosas institucionalizadas

Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos de um programa de exercício multimodal sobre o funcionamento cognitivo e aptidão física funcional em pessoas idosas institucionalizadas. Método: Os participantes foram selecionados por conveniência entre os utentes de duas instituições de apoio a pessoas idosas. O grupo inicial foi constituído por um total de 21 pessoas de ambos os sexos (77-92 anos). Inicialmente, foi garantido um “período de controlo” de 4 semanas, em que os participantes mantiveram as suas atividades de vida quotidianas normais. Posteriormente, todos os idosos integraram um programa de exercício multimodal durante 8 semanas. Para estudar os efeitos da intervenção foram recolhidos dados em 3 momentos distintos: previamente ao período de controlo, após o período de controlo e no final do programa de intervenção. Foram efetuados testes físicos/motores, cognitivos e de dupla-tarefa (motor-cognitivo). Durante as sessões de exercício, alternaram-se períodos constituídos por tarefas motoras com períodos em que as tarefas motoras implicavam uma mobilização simultânea de recursos cognitivos. Resultados: A análise estatística dos dados recolhidos nos três momentos de avaliação, revelou efeitos positivos da intervenção ao nível da atenção, tempo de reação, força muscular, agilidade e capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Nos testes realizados em dupla-tarefa, foram encontradas melhorias no teste timed up and go, mas não se verificaram melhorias no teste de tempo de reação. A análise estatística dos dados recolhidos nos três momentos de avaliação, revelou efeitos positivos (p<0.05). da intervenção ao nível da atenção, tempo de reação, força muscular, agilidade e capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Nos testes realizados em dupla-tarefa, foram encontradas melhorias no teste timed up and go (p<0.05), mas não se verificaram melhorias no teste de tempo de reação. Conclusões: Um programa de exercícios multimodal induz melhorias no funcionamento cognitivo e motor de pessoas idosas institucionalizadas. É aconselhada a divulgação deste tipo de intervenção para pessoas idosas institucionalizadas; Effects of a Multimodal Exercise Program for Elderly Institutionalized Abstract: Objective: To investigate wthe effects of a multimodal exercise program on cognitive functioning and physical fitness of institutionalized elderly. Method: Participants were selected by convenience among two nursing home residents. Twenty-one people (77-92 years old) of both genders participated. During the first 4 weeks (control period), participants were not engaged in the exercise program and continue with their normal daily life activities. After the control period, the group was engaged in a multimodal exercise program for 8 weeks (2 times per week). To study the effects of a multimodal exercise program, data were collected at three different times: prior to the control period, after the control period, and at the end of the intervention. Several motor tests (physical fitness), cognitive tests and dual-tasks (motor-cognitive) were performed. The exercise sessions alternated between periods of motor taks and periods with motor plus cognitive tasks performed simultaneously. Results: The analysis of the data collected in the three moments of evaluation, show positive effects of the exercise program in cognitive dimensions (information processing speed and attention) and functional physical fitness components (muscle resistance, cardiorespiratory fitness and dynamic balance). In tests carried out in dual-task conditions, the exercise program promoted improvements in the timed up and go test (with mental calculations). Statistical analysis of the data collected at the three evaluation moments revealed positive effects (p <0.05). Of attention intervention, reaction time, muscle strength, agility and cardiorespiratory capacity. In the double-task tests, improvements were found in the timed up and go test (p <0.05), but there were no improvements in the reaction time test. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that a multimodal exercise program can improve cognitive functioning and physical fitness in institutionalized older people. Thus, this type of intervention should be promoted among nursing home residents.

INTERACCIÓN OCÉANO-ATMÓSFERA: SURGENCIA Y GENERACIÓN DE ANILLOS EN LA REGIÓN DE PAPAGAYO

Haciendo uso de datos de AVHRR, de datos de viento dci QuikScat y de una estación meteorológica en la zona de Cuajiniquil en Costa Rica, se ha encontrado una clara relación entre la velocidad de los vientos y el fenómeno de surgencia en Papagayo entre el 14 de diciembre de 2001 y el 5 de abril de 2002. Se observa también un corrimiento notable hacia el norte de los vórtices anticiclónicos formados en Papagayo para finales de febrero de 2002 con respecto a los anillos investigados por Ballestero y Coen en el experimento llevado a cabo en 1996 (Ballestero y Coen, 2004).Abstract: Using daLa from (he AVHRR and QuikScat instruments together with information from a meteorological station located in Cuajiniquil, Costa Rica, a relationship between the wind direction and the shape of the upwelling plume in Papagayo has been obtained for the period 14 December 200110 5 April 2002. The acticyclonic rings formed in Papagayo during the end of February 2002 were located 1.5 degrees to the north of the position of the rings observed by Ballestero and Coen in an experiment carried out in 1996.

Language, action, and sensoriality: a multimodal analysis of interactions in inclusive sport climbing with visually impaired athletes

In sport climbing, athletes with vision impairments are constantly accompanied by their guides – usually trainers – both during the preparatory inspection of the routes and whilst climbing. Trainers are, so to speak, the climbers’ eyes, in the sense that they systematically put their vision in the service of the climbers’ mobility and sporting performance. The synergy between trainers and athletes is based on peculiar, strictly multimodal interactive practices that are focused on the body and on its constantly evolving sensory engagement with the materiality of routes. In this context, sensory perception and embodied actions required to plan and execute the climb are configured as genuinely interactive accomplishments. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Embodied and Situated Cognition and on the methodology of Conversation Analysis, this thesis engages in the multimodal analysis of trainer-athlete interactions in paraclimbing. The analysis is based on a corpus of video recorded climbing sessions. The major findings of the study can be summarized as follows. 1) Intercorporeality is key to interactions between trainers and athletes with visual impairments. The participants orient to perceiving the climbing space and acting in it as a ‘We’. 2) The grammar, lexicon, prosody, and timing of the trainers’ instructions are finely tuned to the ongoing corporeal experience of the climbers. 3) Climbers with visual impairments build their actions by using sensory resources that are provided by their trainers. This result is of particular importance as it shows that resources and constraints for action are in a fundamental way constituted in interaction with Others and with specific socio-material ecologies, rather than being defined a priori by the organs and functions of individuals’ body and mind. Individual capabilities are thus enhanced and extended in interaction, which encourages a more ecological view of (dis)ability.

Investigating interpreter-mediated interaction in the Chinese bilingual courtroom: Analysis based on a multimodal corpus

This research project is based on the Multimodal Corpus of Chinese Court Interpreting (MUCCCI [mutʃɪ]), a small-scale multimodal corpus on the basis of eight authentic court hearings with Chinese-English interpreting in Mainland China. The corpus has approximately 92,500 word tokens in total. Besides the transcription of linguistic and para-linguistic features, utilizing the facial expression classification rules suggested by Black and Yacoob (1995), MUCCCI also includes approximately 1,200 annotations of facial expressions linked to the six basic types of human emotions, namely, anger, disgust, happiness, surprise, sadness, and fear (Black & Yacoob, 1995). This thesis is an example of conducting qualitative analysis on interpreter-mediated courtroom interactions through a multimodal corpus. In particular, miscommunication events (MEs) and the reasons behind them were investigated in detail. During the analysis, although queries were conducted based on non-verbal annotations when searching for MEs, both verbal and non-verbal features were considered indispensable parts contributing to the entire context. This thesis also includes a detailed description of the compilation process of MUCCCI utilizing ELAN, from data collection to transcription, POS tagging and non-verbal annotation. The research aims at assessing the possibility and feasibility of conducting qualitative analysis through a multimodal corpus of court interpreting. The concept of integrating both verbal and non-verbal features to contribute to the entire context is emphasized. The qualitative analysis focusing on MEs can provide an inspiration for improving court interpreters’ performances. All the constraints and difficulties presented can be regarded as a reference for similar research in the future.

Evaluation Of Soft-tissue Lesions With (18)f-fdg Pet/ct: Initial Results Of A Prospective Trial.

Although MRI is utilized for planning the resection of soft-tissue tumors, it is not always capable of differentiating benign from malignant lesions. The risk of local recurrence of soft-tissue sarcomas is increased when biopsies are performed before resection and by inadequate resections. PET associated with computed tomography using fluorodeoxyglucose labeled with fluorine-18 ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) may help differentiate between benign and malignant tumors, thus avoiding inadequate resections and making prior biopsies unnecessary. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in differentiating benign from malignant solid soft-tissue lesions. Patients with solid lesions of the limbs or abdominal wall detected by MRI were submitted to (18)F-FDG PET/CT. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) cutoff was determined to differentiate malignant from benign tumors. Regardless of the (18)F-FDG PET/CT results all patients underwent biopsy and surgery. MRI was performed in 54 patients, and 10 patients were excluded because of purely lipomatose or cystic lesions. (18)F-FDG PET/CT was performed in the remaining 44 patients. Histopathology revealed 26 (59%) benign and 18 (41%) malignant soft-tissue lesions. A significant difference in SUVmax was observed between benign and malignant soft-tissue lesions. The SUVmax cutoff of 3.0 differentiated malignant from benign lesions with 100% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, 89.6% accuracy, 78.3% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. (18)F-FDG PET/CT seems to be able to differentiate benign from malignant soft-tissue lesions with good accuracy and very high negative predictive value. Incorporating (18)F-FDG PET/CT into the diagnostic algorithm of these patients may prevent inadequate resections and unnecessary biopsies.