Muscle lesion treatment in Brazilian soccer players: Theory vs. Practice

Background: In this study we evaluated the rehabilitation profile of Brazilian soccer players which underwent lower limb muscle lesions.Methods: This is a descriptive investigation. We evaluated 139 professional soccer players (1724 years old). We evaluated the following variables: muscle lesion diagnosis, symptoms, non steroidal anti-inflammatory used, physiotherapy treatment, which physiotherapy recourses was used if treated and train adaptation.Results: In great part of the athletes muscle lesion remained between 2 weeks and 1 month. Around 54% were diagnosed by a physician; the other part was diagnosed by a physical therapist. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory were prescribed by physicians in 42% of the cases; in 7% the physical therapist prescribed the medication while in 49% of the cases the masseur prescribed the drug. More than 1/4 of the athletes received physiotherapy treatement between 48 hours and 5 days. Isometric exercise therapy was applied in 15% of the cases. 63% were not accompanied by the physiotherapist on their return to the field. 48% received massages immediately after injury.Conclusion: We presented discrepancy between the recommended theory described by several researches and the practice. We indicate the necessity of recycling in a general context the rehabilitation of muscle injuries.

Efeito do exercício físico e estatinas na função muscular em animais com dislipidemia

As estatinas são utilizadas no tratamento das dislipidemias, com grande tolerância; no entanto, vários efeitos colaterais podem surgir, destacando-se miopatia. A prática regular do exercício físico (EF) produz modificações favoráveis no perfil lipídico; entretanto, pode gerar lesões musculares. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da associação entre exercício físico e estatinas na função muscular, pela análise histológica, em modelo experimental animal com dislipidemia. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 80 ratos machos Wistar, distribuídos em oito grupos, incluindo animais submetidos à dieta hipercolesterolêmica (DH), sinvastatina com (G1) e sem (G2) EF; DH e fluvastatina, com (G3) e sem EF (G4); alimentados com ração comercial (RC) na presença (G5) e ausência de (G6) EF; DH submetidos (G7) ou não (G8) a EF. A DH foi administrada por 90 dias, as estatinas e prática de EF em esteira rolante por oito semanas. Os animais foram sacrificados, e o músculo sóleo retirado para análise histológica. Aplicaram-se os testes t de Student pareado e análise multivariada, com nível significante para p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: As principais alterações histológicas encontradas foram fibras de diferentes diâmetros, atróficas, em degeneração, splitting, edema, infiltrado inflamatório. Essas alterações foram observadas em 90% dos animais do grupo G1, 80% do G2, 70% do G3, 30% do G4, 40% do G5 e 30% do G7. Nos grupos G6 e G8 identificaram-se fibras musculares com morfologia preservada. CONCLUSÕES: Na avaliação histológica muscular, a associação entre fluvastatina, sinvastatina e exercício físico acarreta alterações morfológicas com predomínio no uso da sinvastatina, variando de grau leve a grave, no músculo sóleo de ratos, induzidos pelos inibidores da HMG-CoA redutase.

Effects of a probiotic soy product and physical exercise on formation of pre-neoplastic lesions in rat colons in a short-term model of carcinogenic

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of therapeutic plasma concentrations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the production of reactive oxygen species by activated rat neutrophils

The release of reactive oxygen specie (ROS) by activated neutrophil is involved in both the antimicrobial and deleterious effects in chronic inflammation. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the effect of therapeutic plasma concentrations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the production of ROS by stimulated rat neutrophils. Diclofenac (3.6 µM), indomethacin (12 µM), naproxen (160 µM), piroxicam (13 µM), and tenoxicam (30 µM) were incubated at 37ºC in PBS (10 mM), pH 7.4, for 30 min with rat neutrophils (1 x 10(6) cells/ml) stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (100 nM). The ROS production was measured by luminol and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence. Except for naproxen, NSAIDs reduced ROS production: 58 ± 2% diclofenac, 90 ± 2% indomethacin, 33 ± 3% piroxicam, and 45 ± 6% tenoxicam (N = 6). For the lucigenin assay, naproxen, piroxicam and tenoxicam were ineffective. For indomethacin the inhibition was 52 ± 5% and diclofenac showed amplification in the light emission of 181 ± 60% (N = 6). Using the myeloperoxidase (MPO)/H2O2/luminol system, the effects of NSAIDs on MPO activity were also screened. We found that NSAIDs inhibited both the peroxidation and chlorinating activity of MPO as follows: diclofenac (36 ± 10, 45 ± 3%), indomethacin (97 ± 2, 100 ± 1%), naproxen (56 ± 8, 76 ± 3%), piroxicam (77 ± 5, 99 ± 1%), and tenoxicam (90 ± 2, 100 ± 1%), respectively (N = 3). These results show that therapeutic levels of NSAIDs are able to suppress the oxygen-dependent antimicrobial or oxidative functions of neutrophils by inhibiting the generation of hypochlorous acid.

BUBR1 expression in benign oral lesions and squamous cell carcinomas: Correlation with human papillomavirus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Expression of nonclassical molecule human leukocyte antigen-G in oral lesions

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

11-Oxoaerothionin isolated from the marine sponge Aplysina fistularis shows anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Inclusion complex of piroxicam with beta-cyclodextrin and incorporation in cationic microemulsion. In vitro drug release and in vivo topical anti-inflammatory effect

Topical formulations of piroxicam were evaluated by determination of their in vitro release and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect. The in vitro release assay demonstrated that the microemulsion (ME) systems provided a reservoir effect for piroxicam release. However, the incorporation of the ME into carboxyvinilic gel provoked a greater reduction in the release of piroxicam than the ME system alone. Anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by the cotton pellet granuloma inhibition bioassay. Topical anti-inflammatory effect of the piroxicam inclusion complex/ME contained in carboxyvinilic gel showed significant inhibition of the inflammation process (36.9%, P < 0.05). Subcutaneous administration of the drug formulations showed a significant effect on the inhibition of inflammation, 68.8 and 70.5%, P <0.05, when the piroxicam was incorporated in ME and in the combined system beta -cyclodextrin (B-CD)/ME, respectively, relative to the buffered piroxicam (42.2%). These results demonstrated that the ME induced prolonged effects, providing inhibition of the inflammation for 9 days after a single dose administration. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

On the incorporation of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory naproxen into cationic O/W microemulsions

Microemulsions (ME) containing hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB)/ethanol as surfactant, isopropylmyristate (IM) or butylstearate (BS) as oil phase and aqueous buffer were studied. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of the investigated systems were obtained at constant surfactant/cosurfactant molar ratio (1:5) by titration in order to characterize the proportions between the components to obtain clear systems. Oil in water microemulsions were prepared in a wide range of phase volume (phi). UV-vis absorption spectra of naproxen at pH 5.5 showed that the solubility of Np increases significantly in the presence of O/W ME in high phase volumes. For both, IM and BS microemulsions, the dynamic light scattering experiments showed that the size of the oil droplets remains constant in low values of phi, increasing abruptly in high phi values. Phase solubility study revealed that for both IM and BS microemulsions, the drug incorporation followed a straight-line profile in all range of phi. The data could be analyzed through the phase-separation model and the association constants (K) calculated varied from 27 to 90 M-1, depending on the pH and on the microemulsion oil phase. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Piroxicam encapsulated in liposomes: Characterization and in vivo evaluation of topical anti-inflammatory effect

Liposomes of soya phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and stearylamine (molar ratio 6/3/1) and 0.1% alpha-tocopherol were prepared by the extrusion of multilamellar vesicles through 0.2-mu m polycarbonate membrane. Liposomes were characterized by electron transmission microscopy, and the mean structure diameter was 278 nm. The encapsulation efficiency obtained was 12.73%. The topical anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated in vivo by the cotton pellet granuloma method. We analyzed free piroxicam at 4 mg/kg, piroxicam encapsulated in liposomes added to 1.5% hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) gel at 1.6 mg/kg, and piroxicam encapsulated in liposomes added to HEC gel at 4 mg/kg; the inhibition of inflammation obtained was 21.1%, 32.8%, and 47.4%, respectively. These results showed that the encapsulation of piroxicam produced an increase of topical anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting that the inhibition of inflammation can be obtained with lower drug concentrations.

Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmacological Evaluation of 1-(2-Chloro-6-Fluorophenyl)-5-Methylindolin-2-One: A New Anti-Inflammatory Compound with Reduced Gastric Ulceration Properties

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Synthesis, ex Vivo and in Vitro Hydrolysis Study of an Indoline Derivative Designed as an Anti-Inflammatory with Reduced Gastric Ulceration Properties

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Controlled transscleral drug delivery formulations to the eye: establishing new concepts and paradigms in ocular anti-inflammatory therapeutics and antibacterial prophylaxis

Importance of the field: The use of topical agents poses unique and challenging hurdles for drug delivery. Topical steroids effectively control ocular inflammation, but are associated with the well-recognized dilemma of patient compliance. Although administration of topical antimicrobials as prophylaxis is acceptable among ophthalmologists, this common practice has no sound evidence base Developing a new antimicrobial agent or delivery strategy with enhanced penetration by considering the anatomical and physiological constraints exerted by the barriers of the eye is not a commonly perceived strategy. Exploiting the permeability of the sclera, subconjunctival routes may offer a promising alternative for enhanced drug delivery and tissue targeting.Area covered in this review: Ocular drug delivery strategies were reviewed for ocular inflammation and infections clinically adopted for newer class of antimicrobials, which use a multipronged approach to limit risks of endophthalmitis.What the reader will gain: The analysis substantiates a new transscleral drug delivery therapeutic approach for cataract surgery.Take home message: A new anti-inflammatory and anti-infective paradigm that frees the patient from the nuisance of topical therapeutics is introduced, opening a large investigative avenue for future improved therapies.