The effects of applying feedback as part of performance based assessment on students‘speaking skills in a conversation class at ase

Tesis (Licenciado en Lenguas Castellana, Inglés y Francés).--Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias de La Educación. Licenciatura en Lengua Castellana, Inglés y Francés, 2014

Corrective feedback in oral interaction: A comparison of a CLIL and an EFL classroom

[EN] Since Long's Interaction Hypothesis (Long, 1983) multiple studies have suggested the need of oral interaction for successful second language learning. Within this perspective, a great deal of research has been carried out to investigate the role of corrective feedback in the process of acquiring a second language, but there are still varied open debates about this issue. This comparative study seeks to contribute to the existing literature on corrective feedback in oral interaction by exploring teachers' corrective techniques and students' response to these corrections. Two learning contexts were observed and compared: a traditional English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom and a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classroom .The main aim was to see whether our data conform to the Counterbalance Hypothesis proposed by Lyster and Mori (2006). Although results did not show significant differences between the two contexts, a qualitative analysis of the data shed some light on the differences between these two language teaching settings. The findings point to the need for further research on error correction in EFL and CLIL contexts in order to overcome the limitations of the present study.

Men's experiences of receiving objective feedback on physical activity and other indicators of health risk, within the context of a gender-sensitised weight loss intervention

Receiving personalised feedback on body mass index and other health risk indicators may prompt behaviour change. Few studies have investigated men’s reactions to receiving objective feedback on such measures and detailed information on physical activity and sedentary time. The aim of my research was to understand the meanings different forms of objective feedback have for overweight/obese men, and to explore whether these varied between groups. Participants took part in Football Fans in Training, a gender-sensitised, weight loss programme delivered via Scottish Professional Football Clubs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 men, purposively sampled from four clubs to investigate the experiences of men who achieved and did not achieve their 5% weight loss target. Data were analysed using the principles of thematic analysis and interpreted through Self-Determination Theory and sociological understandings of masculinity. Several factors were vital in supporting a ‘motivational climate’ in which men could feel ‘at ease’ and adopt self-regulation strategies: the ‘place’ was described as motivating, whereas the ‘people’ (other men ‘like them’; fieldwork staff; community coaches) provided supportive and facilitative roles. Men who achieved greater weight loss were more likely to describe being motivated as a consequence of receiving information on their objective health risk indicators. They continued using self-monitoring technologies after the programme as it was enjoyable; or they had redefined themselves by integrating new-found activities into their lives and no longer relied on external technologies/feedback. They were more likely to see post-programme feedback as confirmation of success, so long as they could fully interpret the information. Men who did not achieve their 5% weight loss reported no longer being motivated to continue their activity levels or self-monitor them with a pedometer. Social support within the programme appeared more important. These men were also less positive about objective post-programme feedback which confirmed their lack of success and had less utility as a motivational tool. Providing different forms of objective feedback to men within an environment that has intrinsic value (e.g. football club setting) and congruent with common cultural constructions of masculinity, appears more conducive to health behaviour change.

Feedback, necesidades psicológicas básicas y vitalidad subjetiva en futbolistas estudiantes de las preparatorias la UANL

Dado que el deporte representa un contexto de gran valor para el desarrollo de la madurez individual y social de los adolescentes, lo cual probablemente influirá en su desarrollo, maduración y en su comportamiento, así como en su forma de entender las relaciones sociales. De aquí la influencia que un entrenador pueda tener sobre sus jóvenes jugadores, ya que tiene un papel de gran relevancia, pues puede repercutir de forma significativa en los patrones de comportamiento, en las cogniciones y en los afectos que los mismos vayan a desarrollar (Graham, 2008). Una tarea fundamental del entrenador es proporcionar retroalimentación o feedback a los atletas durante el aprendizaje de las habilidades motoras. El entrenador debe de ser capaz de generar las condiciones del medio en donde se perciba la legitimidad de su retroalimentación al proporcionar el feedback a los atletas, y generar las condiciones en donde se satisfagan las necesidades psicológicas básicas, lo cual propiciará un sentimiento de vitalidad y energía, de acuerdo con la Teoría de la autodeterminación (Deci y Rian, 1985, 2000, 2002 y 2008). En el marco de la Teoría de la autodeterminación (Deci y Rian, 1985, 2000, 2002 y 2008) y la Teoría de de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (Deci y Ryan 1985, 2000), esta tesis doctoral tuvo como objetivo estudiar el modelo representado por los factores sociales (cantidad de feedback correctivo, percepción legítima), los factores personales (necesidades psicológicas básicas: autonomía, competencia y socialización) y el bienestar (vitalidad subjetiva) propuesto en esta misma secuencia, en concordancia con el modelo de Vallerand (1997). Para los fines del presente trabajo se consideró una muestra de 377 estudiantes del nivel medio superior que forman parte de los equipos representativos de fútbol soccer de las preparatorias de la UANL, durante el período comprendido Agosto-Diciembre 2012. El muestreo fue de tipo no probabilístico y por conveniencia. La muestra estuvo compuesta por futbolistas de edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 20 años (M = 16.46, DT = 1.077). El error muestral fue del 4%. En el estudio se utilizaron distintas escalas para medir las variables involucradas en el estudio, como son: la Subescala de la Cantidad del Feedback Correctivo y la Subescala de la Percepción Legítima, a partir de la Escala del Feedback Correctivo; la Escala de Necesidad de Autonomía (NAS), la Escala de Percepción de Competencia del Cuestionario de Motivación Intrínseca (IMI), y la Escala de Necesidad de Relación (NRS); y la Escala de Vitalidad Subjetiva. Entre los resultados más destacados se encontró que existen relaciones positivas y altamente significativas entre todas las variables del estudio; la cantidad de feedback correctivo ofrecido por el entrenador actuó como un predictor positivo de la percepción legítima y, éste a su vez, operó como un predictor positivo de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas; la cantidad de feedback correctivo ofrecido por el entrenador actuó como un predictor positivo de la percepción legítima y, este a su vez, como un predictor positivo de la vitalidad subjetiva; la cantidad de feedback correctivo ofrecido por el entrenador actuó como predictor positivo de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y, éste a su vez, fue un predictor positivo de la vitalidad subjetiva; la percepción legítima percibida por el jugador actuó como un predictor positivo de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y, éste a su vez, como predictor positivo de la vitalidad subjetiva. Además, el modelo general nos condujo a que la cantidad de feedback correctivo ofrecido por el entrenador el cual actuó como predictor positivo de la percepción legítima y, este a su vez, predijo la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, la cual a su vez, 15 predijo la vitalidad subjetiva de los jugadores. Los resultados mostraron la puesta a prueba de los diferentes modelos generados a través de la combinación de las distintas variables, las cuales están en línea con la secuencia teórica. Se confirmaron adecuados índices de ajuste en cada uno de los modelos hipotetizado. El análisis de la mediación de las necesidades psicológicas básicas se realizó siguiendo a Holmbeck (1997). Los resultados mostraron que la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas es un mediador total entre la cantidad de feedback correctivo y la vitalidad subjetiva. Por otro lado, se encontró que las necesidades psicológicas básicas no fueron un mediador entre la percepción legítima y la vitalidad subjetiva. En conclusión, se tiene que el entrenador es quien genera las condiciones del contexto ya sean de promoción de la autonomía o de control, además, de él depende generar las condiciones que promuevan la percepción de legitimidad en los atletas, mismas que probablemente concebirán en los deportistas la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, que permitan percibir una sensación de bienestar o malestar en los atletas.

EXPLICIT WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK AND LANGUAGE APTITUDE IN SLA: IMPLICATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF LINGUISTIC ACCURACY

Most second language researchers agree that there is a role for corrective feedback in second language writing classes. However, many unanswered questions remain concerning which linguistic features to target and the type and amount of feedback to offer. This study examined two new pieces of writing by 151 learners of English as a Second Language (ESL), in order to investigate the effect of direct and metalinguistic written feedback on errors with the simple past tense, the present perfect tense, dropped pronouns, and pronominal duplication. This inquiry also considered the extent to which learner differences in language-analytic ability (LAA), as measured by the LLAMA F, mediated the effects of these two types of explicit written corrective feedback. Learners in the feedback groups were provided with corrective feedback on two essays, after which learners in all three groups completed two additional writing tasks to determine whether or not the provision of corrective feedback led to greater gains in accuracy compared to no feedback. Both treatment groups, direct and metalinguistic, performed better than the comparison group on new pieces of writing immediately following the treatment sessions, yet direct feedback was more durable than metalinguistic feedback for one structure, the simple past tense. Participants with greater LAA proved more likely to achieve gains in the direct feedback group than in the metalinguistic group, whereas learners with lower LAA benefited more from metalinguistic feedback. Overall, the findings of the present study confirm the results of prior studies that have found a positive role for written corrective feedback in instructed second language acquisition.

INTEGRATED THRESHOLD-ACTIVATED FEEDBACK MICROSYSTEM FOR REAL-TIME CHARACTERIZATION, SENSING AND TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL BIOFILMS

Biofilms are the primary cause of clinical bacterial infections and are impervious to typical amounts of antibiotics, necessitating very high doses for treatment. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop new alternate methods of treatment that can complement or replace existing approaches using significantly lower doses of antibiotics. Current standards for studying biofilms are based on end-point studies that are invasive and destroy the biofilm during characterization. This dissertation presents the development of a novel real-time sensing and treatment technology to aid in the non-invasive characterization, monitoring and treatment of bacterial biofilms. The technology is demonstrated through the use of a high-throughput bifurcation based microfluidic reactor that enables simulation of flow conditions similar to indwelling medical devices. The integrated microsystem developed in this work incorporates the advantages of previous in vitro platforms while attempting to overcome some of their limitations. Biofilm formation is extremely sensitive to various growth parameters that cause large variability in biofilms between repeated experiments. In this work we investigate the use of microfluidic bifurcations for the reduction in biofilm growth variance. The microfluidic flow cell designed here spatially sections a single biofilm into multiple channels using microfluidic flow bifurcation. Biofilms grown in the bifurcated device were evaluated and verified for reduced biofilm growth variance using standard techniques like confocal microscopy. This uniformity in biofilm growth allows for reliable comparison and evaluation of new treatments with integrated controls on a single device. Biofilm partitioning was demonstrated using the bifurcation device by exposing three of the four channels to various treatments. We studied a novel bacterial biofilm treatment independent of traditional antibiotics using only small molecule inhibitors of bacterial quorum sensing (analogs) in combination with low electric fields. Studies using the bifurcation-based microfluidic flow cell integrated with real-time transduction methods and macro-scale end-point testing of the combination treatment showed a significant decrease in biomass compared to the untreated controls and well-known treatments such as antibiotics. To understand the possible mechanism of action of electric field-based treatments, fundamental treatment efficacy studies focusing on the effect of the energy of the applied electrical signal were performed. It was shown that the total energy and not the type of the applied electrical signal affects the effectiveness of the treatment. The linear dependence of the treatment efficacy on the applied electrical energy was also demonstrated. The integrated bifurcation-based microfluidic platform is the first microsystem that enables biofilm growth with reduced variance, as well as continuous real-time threshold-activated feedback monitoring and treatment using low electric fields. The sensors detect biofilm growth by monitoring the change in impedance across the interdigitated electrodes. Using the measured impedance change and user inputs provided through a convenient and simple graphical interface, a custom-built MATLAB control module intelligently switches the system into and out of treatment mode. Using this self-governing microsystem, in situ biofilm treatment based on the principles of the bioelectric effect was demonstrated by exposing two of the channels of the integrated bifurcation device to low doses of antibiotics.

Synthetic Circuits for Feedback and Detection in Bacteria

Synthetic biology, by co-opting molecular machinery from existing organisms, can be used as a tool for building new genetic systems from scratch, for understanding natural networks through perturbation, or for hybrid circuits that piggy-back on existing cellular infrastructure. Although the toolbox for genetic circuits has greatly expanded in recent years, it is still difficult to separate the circuit function from its specific molecular implementation. In this thesis, we discuss the function-driven design of two synthetic circuit modules, and use mathematical models to understand the fundamental limits of circuit topology versus operating regimes as determined by the specific molecular implementation. First, we describe a protein concentration tracker circuit that sets the concentration of an output protein relative to the concentration of a reference protein. The functionality of this circuit relies on a single negative feedback loop that is implemented via small programmable protein scaffold domains. We build a mass-action model to understand the relevant timescales of the tracking behavior and how the input/output ratios and circuit gain might be tuned with circuit components. Second, we design an event detector circuit with permanent genetic memory that can record order and timing between two chemical events. This circuit was implemented using bacteriophage integrases that recombine specific segments of DNA in response to chemical inputs. We simulate expected population-level outcomes using a stochastic Markov-chain model, and investigate how inferences on past events can be made from differences between single-cell and population-level responses. Additionally, we present some preliminary investigations on spatial patterning using the event detector circuit as well as the design of stationary phase promoters for growth-phase dependent activation. These results advance our understanding of synthetic gene circuits, and contribute towards the use of circuit modules as building blocks for larger and more complex synthetic networks.

A discrete-time queueing system with feedback and optional service

Queueing systems constitute a central tool in modeling and performance analysis. These types of systems are in our everyday life activities, and the theory of queueing systems was developed to provide models for forecasting behaviors of systems subject to random demand. The practical and useful applications of the discrete-time queues make the researchers to con- tinue making an e ort in analyzing this type of models. Thus the present contribution relates to a discrete-time Geo/G/1 queue in which some messages may need a second service time in addition to the rst essential service. In day-to-day life, there are numerous examples of queueing situations in general, for example, in manufacturing processes, telecommunication, home automation, etc, but in this paper a particular application is the use of video surveil- lance with intrusion recognition where all the arriving messages require the main service and only some may require the subsidiary service provided by the server with di erent types of strategies. We carry out a thorough study of the model, deriving analytical results for the stationary distribution. The generating functions of the number of messages in the queue and in the system are obtained. The generating functions of the busy period as well as the sojourn times of a message in the server, the queue and the system are also provided.

Processo de mudança em psicoterapia e o uso de sistemas de feedback: perspectiva do paciente e do terapeuta

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário

Reflection Framework - feedback

Expanding the framework for reflection