Designing single event upset mitigation techniques for large SRAM-Based FPGA components

This thesis presents the study and development of fault-tolerant techniques for programmable architectures, the well-known Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), customizable by SRAM. FPGAs are becoming more valuable for space applications because of the high density, high performance, reduced development cost and re-programmability. In particular, SRAM-based FPGAs are very valuable for remote missions because of the possibility of being reprogrammed by the user as many times as necessary in a very short period. SRAM-based FPGA and micro-controllers represent a wide range of components in space applications, and as a result will be the focus of this work, more specifically the Virtex® family from Xilinx and the architecture of the 8051 micro-controller from Intel. The Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) with voters is a common high-level technique to protect ASICs against single event upset (SEU) and it can also be applied to FPGAs. The TMR technique was first tested in the Virtex® FPGA architecture by using a small design based on counters. Faults were injected in all sensitive parts of the FPGA and a detailed analysis of the effect of a fault in a TMR design synthesized in the Virtex® platform was performed. Results from fault injection and from a radiation ground test facility showed the efficiency of the TMR for the related case study circuit. Although TMR has showed a high reliability, this technique presents some limitations, such as area overhead, three times more input and output pins and, consequently, a significant increase in power dissipation. Aiming to reduce TMR costs and improve reliability, an innovative high-level technique for designing fault-tolerant systems in SRAM-based FPGAs was developed, without modification in the FPGA architecture. This technique combines time and hardware redundancy to reduce overhead and to ensure reliability. It is based on duplication with comparison and concurrent error detection. The new technique proposed in this work was specifically developed for FPGAs to cope with transient faults in the user combinational and sequential logic, while also reducing pin count, area and power dissipation. The methodology was validated by fault injection experiments in an emulation board. The thesis presents comparison results in fault coverage, area and performance between the discussed techniques.

Administração judiciária e os juizados especiais cíveis: o caso do Rio Grande do Sul

Os Juizados Especiais foram criados para proporcionar acesso à justiça, de forma simples e rápida, sem custos, objetivando resolver conflitos de menor complexidade, de modo informal e preferencialmente através da conciliação. Decorridas mais de duas décadas desde a sua implantação, no Rio Grande do Sul, o sistema não vêm tendo a devida atenção, quer de parte dos operadores, quer de parte do próprio Judiciário. O risco de contaminação das práticas do sistema tradicional de justiça, burocrático e formalista e, por isso mesmo, moroso, exige medidas de administração judiciária que evitem o desvirtuamento dos princípios com base nos quais os Juizados Especiais foram concebidos. A correta atuação dos Juízes Presidentes dos Juizados Especiais, a orientação aos servidores que nele atuam, a prévia preparação dos juízes leigos e conciliadores para o exercício das relevantes funções que lhes são atribuídas, o comprometimento dos integrantes das Turmas Recursais com a unidade do sistema e, fundamentalmente, gestão deste pelo órgão estadual responsável pela coordenação e supervisão dos Juizados Especiais, são medidas que, juntamente com os necessários investimentos em informatização, incentivo à inovação e ao uso das novas tecnologias, padronização de procedimentos, aperfeiçoamento dos bancos de dados e sistema estatístico, podem promover melhorias significativas no seu desempenho.

Early and post transition metal complexes as a single of combined components in the ethylene and isoprene polynerization

In this work is reported, in a first step, the effect of different experimental parameters and their relation with polymer properties using the homogeneous binary catalyst system composed by Ni(α-diimine)Cl2 (α-diimine = 1,4-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)- acenaphthenediimine) and {TpMs*}V(Ntbu)Cl2 (TpMs* = hydridobis(3-mesitylpyrazol-1- yl)(5-mesitylpyrazol-1-yl)) activated with MAO. This complexes combination produces, in a single reactor, polyethylene blends with different and controlled properties dependent on the polymerization temperature, solvent and Nickel molar fraction (xNi). In second, the control of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) production was possible, using a combination of catalyst precursors {TpMs}NiCl (TpMs = hydridotris(3- mesitylpyrazol-1-yl)) and Cp2ZrCl2, activated with MAO/TMA, as Tandem catalytic system. The catalytic activities as well as the polymer properties are dependent on xNi. Polyethylene with different Mw and controlled branches is produced only with ethylene monomer. Last, the application group 3 metals catalysts based, M(allyl)2Cl(MgCl2)2.4THF (M = Nd, La and Y), in isoprene polymerization with different cocatalysts systems and experimental parameters is reported. High yields and polyisoprene with good and controlled properties were produced. The metal center, cocatalysts and the experimental parameters are determinant for the polymers properties and their control. High conversions in cis-1,4- or trans-1,4-polyisoprene were obtained and the polymer microstructure depending of cocatalyst and metal type. Combinations of Y and La precursors were effective systems for the cis/transpolyisoprene blends production, and the control of cis-trans-1,4-microstructures by Yttrium molar fraction (xY) variation was possible.

O país tem importância?

A técnica de componentes de variância pode oferecer perspectivas interessantes na avaliação dos vários tipos de efeitos que afetam desempenho em uma abordagem descritiva. Após o trabalho original de Rumelt (1991) vários autores estudaram a composição de variância do desempenho das firmas, decompondo este elemento em fatores de firma, de corporação, de indústria e efeitos de ano. A maioria vasta destes estudos indica efeitos da firma como o componente dominante de variância explicada. Isto alimentou o debate entre a organização industrial e a RBV, ainda que a importância de efeitos corporativos apresentou resultados contraditórios e pareceu ser sensível à amostra e período analisados. Foram identificados efeitos de ano muito pequenos ou inexistentes. Todos os estudos previamente elaborados foram baseados em dados dos EUA e descrevem o ambiente empresarial de economia americana. Este estudo visa verificar se a estrutura de variância de rentabilidade em outros países é diferente da americana.

O crescimento da empresa: uma análise da variabilidade das taxas de crescimento

Esta pesquisa investigou a variabilidade da taxa de crescimento das empresas, associando-a a grupos de fatores como os associados ao ramo de negócios, ao período ou ano em que se observa o crescimento, ao país e, finalmente, o grupo de fatores associado à empresa individual de forma idiossincrática. O trabalho inspirou-se na linha de pesquisa de componentes de variância do desempenho financeiro em estratégia usando o crescimento como variável dependente. Os achados indicam que a firma individual é a responsável pela maior parte da variância observada nas taxas de crescimento. País e ano também são fontes de variação relevantes. O ramo de negócios no qual a firma está inserida, contudo, tem uma pequena relevância na explicação da variabilidade. O trabalho usou a base de dados Compustat Global como fonte principal. Os resultados têm implicações tanto para a gestão de empresas ao nível corporativo como para a criação de políticas de desenvolvimento e crescimento. Esta pesquisa fez uma avaliação de uma amostra internacional para poder avaliar o efeito país, mas abre espaço para vários outros estudos mais profundos, com maior foco na realidade brasileira.

Como o database marketing pode ser usado para posicionar estrategicamente a empresa no mercado

Utilização do Database Marketing, o marketing com banco de dados, e sua obtenção através do Sistema de Informação de Marketing SIM, visando a buscar a otimização do relacionamento com os clientes, criando um vínculo de fidelidade, atendendo suas necessidades e conhecendo-os profundamente nos seus desejos. Esta relação tenderá a manter os clientes atuais, reconquistar os perdidos e buscar novos clientes de forma mais eficaz. São utilizados os princípios e elementos de marketing no planejamento e operacionalização de uma empresa, assim como o conceito de vantagem competitiva, visando não somente uma maior participação no mercado, mas principalmente como posicioná-la estrategicamente

O problema da criação e consolidação de conhecimento na Philips Components Display - PCD - Unidade São José dos Campos

Analisa o modelo de criação de conhecimento da Philips Components Display e confronta-o com um modelo teórico. Aborda as diferenças culturais na aplicação do modelo teórico e que impactos essas diferenças representas na aplicalidade desse modelo na cultura da PCD e brasileira

Employing the Components of the Human Development Index to Drive Resources to Educational Policies

A new form of composition of the indicators employed to generate the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI) is presented here. This form of composition is based on the assumption that random errors affect the measurement of each indicator. This assumption allows for replacing the vector of evaluations according to each indicator by vectors of probabilities of being the best or the worst according to such attribute. The probabilistic composition of such probabilities of preference according to each indicator into probabilities of being the best or the worst according to all of them generates indices that may unveil, on one hand, performances to be followed and, on the other hand, extreme conditions that an additive composition would hide. Differences between the results of application of the diverse forms of composition are examined in the case of the HDI and in the case of the districts version of the HDI employed to compare Brazilian municipalities. It is verified that the smallest correlation between the education.

Complexidade das exportações e produtividade: uma análise do caso brasileiro

No contexto do desenvolvimento econômico, este trabalho tem como principal objetivo explorar a relação entre comércio internacional e produtividade. Após fazer uma ampla discussão sobre as teorias do comércio internacional e as teorias do desenvolvimento econômico, busca-se definir a relação de causalidade entre essas duas variáveis. A pergunta que se segue refere-se ao sentido da causalidade, ou seja, produtividade gera comércio ou comércio gera produtividade? Esse trabalho sugere que os dois sentidos são possíveis e a diferença encontra-se justamente no componente da produtividade que está sendo analisado. Assim, produtividade, no nível do produto (intrasetorial) gera comércio, tal como argumentam Smith (1776) e Ricardo (1817), mas comércio gera produtividade (intersetorial) tal como argumentam Hausmann, Hwang e Rodrik (2007) e McMillan e Rodrik (2011). Na sequência, o estudo faz uma ampla análise dos métodos de decomposição da produtividade, concluindo que existe mais de uma forma de se fazer essa decomposição e que a interpretação de cada uma dessas abordagens difere podendo enviesar as conclusões. Adicionalmente, é feita a decomposição da produtividade nos seus componentes utilizando duas bases de dados distintas: 10-Sector Database do GGDC e contas nacionais do IBGE, concluindo que, a depender da base, os resultados encontrados podem variar significativamente. Da mesma forma, dentro de uma abordagem estruturalista, diferenciam-se setores que possuem maior potencial de crescimento de setores tradicionais com menor potencial de crescimento. Definindo a complexidade das exportações a partir do conceito desenvolvido por Hausmann at al (2014), estimam-se para o caso brasileiro recente, através de um modelo de painel dinâmico, os coeficientes de uma equação para explicar variações no efeito intersetorial estático da produtividade. O modelo estimado sugere que a complexidade das exportações impacta significativa e positivamente o componente estrutural da produtividade. Assim, pode-se dizer que uma pauta de exportações com produtos mais sofisticados favorece o crescimento da produtividade via seu componente intersetorial.

Solid phase microextraction as a reliable alternative to conventional extraction techniques to evaluate the pattern of hydrolytically released components in Vitis vinifera L. grapes

In present research, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–qMS), was evaluated as a reliable and improved alternative to the commonly used liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) technique for the establishment of the pattern of hydrolytically released components of 7 Vitis vinifera L. grape varieties, commonly used to produce the world-famous Madeira wine. Since there is no data available on their glycosidic fractions, at a first step, two hydrolyse procedures, acid and enzymatic, were carried out using Boal grapes as matrix. Several parameters susceptible of influencing the hydrolytic process were studied. The best results, expressed as GC peak area, number of identified components and reproducibility, were obtained using ProZym M with b-glucosidase activity at 35 °C for 42 h. For the extraction of hydrolytically released components, HS-SPME technique was evaluated as a reliable and improved alternative to the conventional extraction technique, LLE (ethyl acetate). HS-SPME using DVB/CAR/PDMS as coating fiber displayed an extraction capacity two fold higher than LLE (ethyl acetate). The hydrolyzed fraction was mainly characterized by the occurrence of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, followed by acids, esters, carbonyl compounds, terpenoids, and volatile phenols. Concerning to terpenoids its contribution to the total hydrolyzed fraction is highest for Malvasia Cândida (23%) and Malvasia Roxa (13%), and their presence according previous studies, even at low concentration, is important from a sensorial point of view (can impart floral notes to the wines), due to their low odor threshold (μg/L). According to the obtained data by principal component analysis (PCA), the sensorial properties of Madeira wines produced by Malvasia Cândida and Malvasia Roxa could be improved by hydrolysis procedure, since their hydrolyzed fraction is mainly characterized by terpenoids (e.g. linalool, geraniol) which are responsible for floral notes. Bual and Sercial grapes are characterized by aromatic alcohols (e.g. benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol), so an improvement in sensorial characteristics (citrus, sweet and floral odors) of the corresponding wines, as result of hydrolytic process, is expected.

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in Brazilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome

SOARES, Elvira Maria Mafaldo et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in Brazilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility, v.89, n.3, p.649-655, mar. 2008

Validation of the Deardorff model for estimating energy balance components for a sugarcane crop

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Atenção à saúde da pessoa idosa na estratégia saúde da família no município de Santo Antônio/RN: um estudo de caso

According to demographic estimates, by the year 2025 Brazil will be the sixth country in the world in number of elderly. For this reason, it is a purpose of public policies to help people to reach that age being healthier. The current health care model of health surveillance through the Family Health Strategy (EFS, in portuguese) is configured as a gateway into the care of the elderly in the Unified Health System (SUS, in portuguese). It is also an area of development of practices to promote health, prevention and control of chronic nondegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the health care of the elderly provided by ESF professionals for the achievement of a full care. The study is descriptive case study with a quantitative approach, performed in the city of Santo Antônio/RN. The population included all health professionals, who are FHS members of the city that agreed to participate of the survey, a total of 80 professionals. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, having mostly closed questions and divided into two parts: one containing sociodemographic information of health professionals and vocational training and the other, the activities carried on by the professionals in senior care, being analyzed from a database tabulated in a spreadsheet and discussed according to the descriptive statistics in tables, graphs and charts using frequencies, medians and values of central tendency. It was verified a predominance of professionals who finished highschool, mostly female, aged from 30 to 34 years old, with training completed in the last 10 years, without being graduated in the field of geriatrics or gerontology and mostly without training in gerontology. Family members and caregivers were the components of the social support network most identified by the professionals (66.3%).The elderly access to the Family Health Basic Unit was considered by83.8% of professionals as the most important factor that interferes in the activities of health care of the elderly. Considering the inclusion of the family in care: 98.8% of professionals consider the family as one of the goals of care, but 82.5% assist the family to know their role and participate in the care of the elderly, emphasizing that no professional makes use of tools for evaluating the functionality of the family. Regarding the actions taken to assist the elderly, 91.25% have home visits program to the elderly, 88.75% use the host program; 77.5% know the habits of life, cultural, ethical and religious values of the elderly, their families and their community ;51.25% complement the activities through intersectoral actions, 50%participate in groups of living with the elderly; 33.75% keeps track and maintain updated the health information of the elderly; 11.25% of the professionals perform the Single Therapy Planning (PTS, in portuguese) and few implement the actions to promote health according to PTS; there is a deficit in the number of professional categories in the identification and monitoring of the frail older people in their households. It is concluded that the health care of the elderly developed by ESF professionals differs among the professional categories. It was identified weaknesses in the promotion of an active and healthy aging and also in the establishment of an integrated and full care of the elderly. It is recommended the adoption of permanent educational activities by the City Management, initially for ESF professionals in the the perspective of the guidelines of the National Policy of Health Care for the Elderly and later to the other professionals that are part of the health care network of the elderly, at all levels of care in the city for the development of strategies and practices that promote the improvement of the quality of healthcare for the elderly, expecting concrete and effective results in terms of promoting health within Brazilian reality

Blood serum components and serum protein test of Hybro-PG broilers of different ages

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Short communication: Principal components and factor analytic models for test-day milk yield in Brazilian Holstein cattle

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)