K/E之交环境地球化学元素的演化与全球变化及恐龙绝灭的关系-以黑龙江中下游地区和俄罗斯远东地区为例

In this paper, We analyzed the geological and geographical settings of dinosaurs extinction at the end of Cretaceous, especially the effect of the change of the elements contents on dinosaurs extinction. We studied basis on the two typical sections-Cretaceous-Paleocene boundary (Baishantou section (in Jiayin, Heilongjiang province of China) and Arkhara-Boguchan Coal Mine section (in Far East of Russian)) and Longgushan section (in Jiayin, Heilongjiang province of China) mainly. This work provided some evidences for forecasting the effects of global environmental change on bio-circle. The followings are the primary gains: According to the paleo-climate indexes (CaO/MgO,Sr/Ba) and the results of Factor Analysis, we found that there were similar climate in Baishantou section and Arkhara-Boguchan Coal Mine section near the K/E boundary, and both of them took on the trend of temperature declining and precipitation heightening after transitory high-temperature and drought. There are similar change and evlution rule of the elements contents near the boundary in the both sections (Baishantou section and Arkhara-Boguchan Coal Mine section). Both iron group elements and chalcophile elements appeared obvious abnormity. There are not visible correlation between the change of elements contents and climate indexes. This shows that the elements abnormity maybe came from the factors excluding climate or the factors were too many to conceal the influence of climate. --The result of cluster analysis showed that the boundary between BST3-8 and BST3-9 may be the K/E boundary of Baishantou section, and the top of twofold coal were the K/E boundary of Arkhara-Boguchan Coal Mine section which was consistent with accepted conclusion formerly. By contrast of elements contents in dinosaur bones and general organism, in surrounding rock and general sand stone, the regulation of the change of elements contents in dinosaur bones and surrounding rock, we confirmed that dinosaur extinction in Jiayin were relative with the high abnormities of Sr, Ba, Pb, Cr and the low abnormity of Zn, at least, it was them which speeded up dinosaurs extinction. After a series of analysis, we concluded that dinosaurs extinction of this areas tied up with the relative high background values of geo-chemical elements , paleo-climate and disaster incidents. First of all, high background values provided the necessary condition for the accumulation of the elements. Secondly, the drought climate adverse to the survival of dinosaurs, and led them to extinct gradually. finally, disaster incidents, the eruption of volcano or the collision of aerolites, made them exit this planet.

高产Monacolin K红曲菌株的复合诱变选育

利用紫外线和氯化锂对一株紫红曲Monascus purpureus 菌株进行复合诱变试验。在最佳紫外照射时间为45s 和最佳氯化锂浓度为1.0‰的情况下，获得了一株Monacolin K 高产突变菌Monascu purpureus ZT32 且连续传接5 代产量稳定，用紫外分光光度法检测其Monacolin K 含量为219.9μg/mL，较原始菌株高出2 倍多，然后将其用于固态发酵，结果表明：红曲米中的Monacolin K 的含量达到8.33mg/g，是原始菌株的3.3 倍。

喀斯特石灰土-灌丛系统主要养分含量分布特征研究---以贵阳花溪杨中石灰土-灌丛系统Ca、Mg、 K 、P为例

本论文通过对贵州贵阳花溪杨中喀斯特山区的植被调查与土壤样品分析, 研究土壤-植被中Ca、Mg、 K、P分布特征、变化规律及其影响因素，并在此基础上尝试Ca同位素的预处理研究，以期为喀斯特地区土壤-植被中Ca、Mg、 K、P（尤其是Ca）的生物地球化学循环研究奠定基础，同时为植被演替、物质循环研究和退耕还林还草的人工恢复提供植物自身的营养依据。本次研究取得如下认识： 1.受石灰岩母岩控制，土壤样品元素含量的特征为：CaO>MgO>K2O> P2O5。同一元素沿海拔变化有一定的相关性，并且相关性随元素的不同存在差异：随海拔高度的增加CaO含量有升高的趋势，而MgO 、K2O、Na2O含量都有所降低。表层土壤中K2O-Na2O含量正相关变化，CaO-K2O含量负相关变化。并且从土壤表层到底层在剖面-1中随深度增加，CaO、MgO、K2O含量升高，而P2O5的含量则有上升的趋势。土壤中元素的上述分布特征主要与石灰岩的风化成土作用过程中不同分化程度土壤Ca的淋失和来自高处的富钙雨水输入有关。 2.喀斯特生态环境富钙的这一特点对喀斯特灌丛植物的种类成分和营养元素含量有很大影响。地貌部位、海拔高度对植物Ca、Mg 、K、P含量也有不同程度的影响。植物Ca、Mg 、K、P含量由高到低依次为：Ca > K > Mg >P。苔藓与其它植物比较， Ca、Mg、 K、P的含量都小于其它三类较高等的植物，这一现象与其自身的生物学特性有关：苔藓植物组织结构简单，不具备发达的输导组织，不具备真正的根系，不利于从土壤等基质中吸收营养。在、灌草、灌木、藤本三类植物营养元素之间Ca –P含量具有负相关变化，Mg –P含量具有正相关变化；在所分析的植物种，P- K含量变化呈正相关，并且植物叶片Ca/K比值随着P含量的增加而显著地以指数形式减小。这是因为植物体内的K和P对于Ca来说起着平衡离子（counter ion）的作用。 3. 生境中基岩裸露和土体浅薄的特点，极大地制约了喀斯特灌丛的发育，喀斯特生境的富含钙的特点对喀斯特灌丛植物的种类成分和元素含量有很大的影响。但是杨中灌丛群落植物Ca、Mg、K、P含量和对应土壤CaO、MgO、K2O和P2O5含量相关性不明显。植物Ca、Mg、K、P元素虽主要来源于土壤，但因其含量受元素地球化学性质、植物种类、土壤元素对植物有效态的含量等因素的制约，而使植物元素含量和土壤元素的含量没有明显的相关性． 4.从Ca同位素的预处理研究来看，离子交换分离法对去除样品中的杂质效果较好。在以后测定过程中，有利于增强离子流稳定性和强度, 提高测量精度和准确度，与沉淀法相比较，此法适宜作为钙同位素样品的前处理方法。 关键词： 喀斯特 石灰土-灌丛系统 Ca、Mg、K、P含量分布 钙同位素 环境地球化学