Biological rationale for regular physical exercise as an effective intervention for the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders

Depression is a major medical and social problem. Here we review current body of knowledge on the benefits of exercise as an effective strategy for both the prevention and treatment of this condition. We also analyze the biological pathways involved in such potential benefits, which include changes in neurotrophic factors, oxidative stress and inflammation, telomere length, brain volume and microvessels, neurotransmitters or hormones. We also identify major caveats in this field of research: further studies are needed to identify which are the most appropriate types of exercise interventions (intensity, duration, or frequency) to treat and prevent depression.

Muscle signaling in exercise intolerance: Insights from the McArdle mouse model

We recently generated a knock-in mouse model (PYGM p.R50X/p.R50X) of McArdle disease (myophosphorylase deficiency). One mechanistic approach to unveil the molecular alterations caused by myophosphorylase deficiency, which is arguably the paradigm of 'exercise intolerance', is to compare the skeletal-muscle tissue of McArdle, heterozygous, and healthy (wild type (wt)) mice. We analyzed in quadriceps muscle of p.R50X/p.R50X (n=4), p.R50X/wt (n=6) and wt/wt mice (n=5) (all male, 8 wk-old) molecular markers of energy-sensing pathways, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and autophagy/proteasome systems, oxidative damage and sarcoplamic reticulum (SR) Ca handling. We found a significant group effect for total AMPK (tAMPK) and ratio of phosphorylated (pAMPK)/tAMPK (P=0.012 and 0.033), with higher mean values in p.R50X/p.R50X mice vs. the other two groups. The absence of massive accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, autophagosomes or lysosomes in p.R50X/p.R50X mice suggested no major alterations in autophagy/proteasome systems. Citrate synthase activity was lower in p.R50X/p.R50X mice vs. the other two groups (P=0.036) but no statistical effect existed for respiratory chain complexes. We found higher levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified proteins in p.R50X/p.R50X and p.R50X/wt mice compared with the wt/wt group (P=0.011). Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum ATPase 1 (SERCA1) levels detected at 110kDa tended to be higher in p.R50X/p.R50X and p.R50X/wt mice compared with wt/wt animals (P=0.076), but their enzyme activity was normal. We also found an accumulation of phosphorylated SERCA1 in p.R50X/p.R50X animals. Myophosphorylase deficiency causes alterations in sensory energetic pathways together with some evidence of oxidative damage and alterations in Ca handling but with no major alterations in OXPHOS capacity or autophagy/ubiquitination pathways, which suggests that the muscle tissue of patients is likely to adapt overall favorably to exercise training interventions.

Femina (Trinity College, Cambridge MS B.14.40) : edited with an Introduction and Notes

Rothwell, W., Femina (Trinity College, Cambridge MS B.14.40); edited with an Introduction and Notes (The Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub, 2005) RAE2008

Vidas de los varones ilustres del Monasterio de la Trapa

Signaturas: [ ]1, [*]4, [¶]-2[¶]4, 3[¶]8, A-Z4, 2A-2L4 ; [ ]2, A-Z4, 2A-2K4 ; [ ]2, A-Z4, 2A-2Q4.

Quaresma continua : primera [-segunda] parte de sermones en las ferias mayores, dedicada ...

Signaturas: ¶-2¶4, 2¶*2, 3¶-4¶4, A-Z4, 2A-2Z4, 3A-3Z4, 4A-4K4, 4L2 ; ¶-6¶4, A-Z4, 2A-2Z4, 3A-3Z4, 4A-4H4.

Cuaderno de diseño regional occidente departamento de Cauca.

190 hojas.

Cuaderno de diseño de las asesorías realizadas en el departamento del Meta.

110 hojas : ilustraciones.

Cuaderno de diseño e informe final. Regional Santa Fé de Bogotá y Nacional.

77 hojas.

Desarrollo de empaques en calceta de platano e íraca (Rabolargo y Sabanal), taller de tejeduría en caña flecha (Palmito, Algodoncillo y Pueblo Nuevo), taller mezcla de materias madera y cuero (Cereté y Montería).

[20] hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías.

Cuaderno de diseño. Asesoría técnica en cerámica Guanía - Inírida.

[40] hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías.

[Segunda etapa del taller de asistencia técnica para el desarrollo de nuevos procesos tecnológicos – Expertos de la Misión China]. Desarrollo de nuevos productos Boyacá - Ráquira.

[54] hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías.

Cuaderno de diseño - producción. Regional Atlántica. Taller en madera en Galapa, Atlántico.

[50] hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías.

Cuaderno de diseño regional Orinoquia. Oficios varios, asesoría en diseño en los municipios de Arauca, Tame, Cravo Norte, Arauquita y Saravena, departamento de Arauca.

20 hojas.

Asesorías en diseño para el departamento del Huila, municipios de Neiva, forja y metalistería. Inspección de Obando, fibra de plátano.

[60] hojas : ilustraciones.

Cuaderno de diseño : asesoría de diseño en resguardo Zenú - tejidos en caña flecha - departamento de Córdoba y Sucre.

[89] hojas : ilustraciones.